The document discusses different leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Autocratic leadership concentrates decision-making power with the leader, who uses threats of punishment. It is only effective for unskilled labor or emergencies. Democratic leadership involves joint decision-making and persuasion rather than punishment, inspiring subordinates. Laissez-faire leadership gives subordinates full authority and minimal intervention from the leader, allowing freedom if the group is competent and duty-conscious.

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LEADERSHIP
“Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce
subordinates (followers) to work with confidence
and zeal” Koontz & O’ Donnel.
“The essence of leadership is followership”
Koontz & O’ Donnel

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“Leadership is generally defined simply as
influence, the art or process of influencing
people so that they will strive willingly towards
achievement of group goals”
Koontz & O’Donell

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A leader may or may not be an executive but a
business executive must be a leader

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It is the followers who make a person a
leader

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Leading includes issuing instructions,
providing guidance, exercising
supervision, organizing and inspiring
subordinates

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FUNCTIONS OF A LEADER
• To take initiative
• A representative of entire organization
• To act as friend, philosopher and guide
• To interpret
• To encourage team work

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QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE LEADER
Clear goals
High self-esteem
Commitment
Always improving
Good communicators
Good organizers
Allow others to grow
Good counselors

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STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
[A] AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
[B] DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
[C] LAISSEZ-FAIRE/ FREE REIN

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AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
Such leader keeps all the authority and decision-
making power with himself
Assumes full responsibility for situations
Expects obedience from subordinates
Threats of punishment are used frequently

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AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
Effective only with untrained, illiterate and
unorganized labour
Such leaders can succeed in emergency or crisis
situations
In the long run, it can only bring down the morale of
employees
May strongly be resisted also

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DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
Also called Participative or Consultative leadership
Takes decisions through joint action/discussion
Willing to decentralize authority
Believes in persuasion rather than punishment
Encourage ideas and suggestions of subordinates

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DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
Inspires them and encourage their
intelligence, skill and creative talents
Helps the leader win the confidence, loyalty
and cooperation of all subordinates

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DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
Effective with educated and organized,
subordinates
High employee morale
More job satisfaction for workers

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LAISSEZ-FAIRE/ FREE REIN
Gives full authority to the group to make its own
decisions
Such a manager will entrust decision-making to his
subordinates with least intervention
Subordinates are expected to plan, organize and execute
Group enjoys complete freedom and the leader can
help the group when needed

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LAISSEZ-FAIRE/ FREE REIN
This style can function effectively if the subordinates
are highly competent and duty conscious
It gives opportunity to every individual worker to give
expression to his creative talents, self-discipline and
self-control