oganization behaviour of Bangalore university

2. LEADERSHIP(DEFINITIONS)
According to Hollander, “Leadership is a process
of influence between a leader and those who are
followers.”
According to G R Terry “leadership is the ability of
influencing people to strive willingly for mutual
objectives.”
According to Chester Barnard, “leadership is the
ability of a superior to influence the behavior of
his subordinates and persuade them to follow a
particular course of action.”

3. MEANING
Leadership is the process of motivation other people to
act in particular ways in order to achieve specific goals.
Leadership is a willingness to accept responsibility, an
ability to develop three major skills (elicit the
cooperation of others, listen well, place the needs of
others above your own needs) that can be acquires
through practice.

4. CONTD….
Leadership is a set of skills and traits that can be
learned and worked on, yet the general
perception is that good leaders are scare
because:
 leader come in guises(typically concealing the
true nature of something.)
 leaders may rise only in response to a
situation.
 leaders may be unwanted until needed.
 leaders may be mistaken for managers.

5. NATURE OF LEADERSHIP
Procedure of influence
Ongoing activity
Comprehensive blend of art and science
Linked with circumstances
Tool for motivation
Sensible and passionate
Collective objectives
Mutual relationship

6. LEADERSHIP STYLES
Autocratic leadership style: He is also called as
dictator/ one man show. Here the leader does not
get involved with the members of the team. He
decides the policies and procedures without
discussing with his subordinates. He does not
provide information about future strategies but
simply gives instruction regarding the steps that
are to be followed. All the decisions are taken by
the leaders only.

7. ADVANTAGES OF AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
Quick decision-making
Enhances productivity
Reduces stress
Helps in training new employee
Improves logistics of operations

8. DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
Discourages followers development
Increases leader’s workload
Induces fear and anger
Increases dependency on leader
Results in frustration
Exploits people

9. PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE
Under this style of leadership, the authority rested with the leader is
decentralized. Leader takes every decision in coordination with
the team members. This style of leadership is people-oriented
and direct supervision of staff is not required. Here employees
are kept well informed about the policies and procedures. Instead
of acting as a leader, he considers himself as a member of the
group. This leadership is also called democratic leadership.

10. ADVANTAGES
Enhanced acceptability of leader
Efficient utilization of team members knowledge
Fosters commitment among team members
Organizational politics is decreased
Increases professionalism
Decreases turnover rate
Improved work efficiency

11. DISADVANTAGES
Leads to false impression about the leader
Excessive time consumption
Absence of accountability
May lead to pseudo participation

12. FREE REIN LEADERSHIP STYLE
Free rein or laissez faire leadership style refers to a condition
where leader does not lead but leaves the major decisions on the
group itself. All the goals are decided by the group. The group
members have to solve problems and motivate themselves. This
style is the inverse of autocratic leadership style. This style is
adopted only when the employees are capable and competent
enough to handle the situations and take corrective and positive
decision in favor of the company.

13. ADVANTAGES
No restriction of order
Reduces leaders workload
Provides motivation to teams

14. DISADVANTAGES
Increases burden on employees
Ownership issues
Direction of organization is lost
Conflict among followers increases

15. LEADERSHIP SKILLS
Inspiring
Problem-solving ability
Emotional stability
Understanding human behavior
Risk-taking ability
Commitment towards organizational objectives

16. CONTD….
Intelligence
Good personality
Prudence and vision
Responsibility
Trustworthy
Enthusiastic
Confident

17. FUNCTIONS OF LEADER
Develops team spirit
Serves as linking pin
Provides guidance
Manages time
Exercises power
Improves efficiency
Motivates workers

18. IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
Boosting employees confidence
Establishment and integration of goals
Inculcating values within the organization
Increasing the efficiency of employees

19. Helping the highest authority
Building cordial organizational relations
Providing favorable working atmosphere
Creating a change for betterment
Fulfills corporate social responsibility

20. LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE
THERE ARE FOLLOWING METHODS WHICH CAN BE UTILISED TO LEAD THE
CHANGE PROCESS:
Matching individual concerns with organizational
goals
Learn to sustain uncertainty
understand the leadership style first
Influence what one can change-oneself
Influence what one cannot change-others

21. Adopt and support change
Form a group of peers
Help others to cope with change
Promote interaction among peers

24. LEADERSHIP THEORIES
Trait Theories Behavioral
theories
Situational/contin
gency theory
Contemporary
theories
Stogdill’s trait factor Managerial grid Fiedler’s
model/leadership
effectiveness model
Transformational
leadership
Ghiselli’s personal
traits
likert’s four systems situational
leadership model
transactional
leadership
Ohio state
university studies
Path-goal theory Charismatic
leadership
Michigan studies Leadership
participation model
visionary leadership
Tannenbaum and
schmidt’s situational
continuum

25. TRAIT THEORIES
1. STOGDILL’S THEORY
Intelligence
Physical features
Inner motivation drive
Maturity
Vision and foresight

26. Acceptance of responsibility
Open-mindedness and adaptibility
self-confidence
human relations attitude
fairness of objectives

27. 2. GHISELLI’S PERSONAL TRAITS
Supervisory ability
Need for occupational achivements
Intelligence
Decisivenesss
Self-assurance
Initiative

29. MOTIVATION
According to Dalton E McFarland, “Motivation refers to
the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations,
strivings or needs direct, control or explain the
behavior of human beings.”
According to stephen Robbins, “Motivation is the
willingness to exert high level of effort toward
organisational goals, conditioned by the effort and
ability to satisfy some individual need.”

30. ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION
Direction
Intensity
persistence

31. PROCESS OF MOTIVATION
Motive
Behavior
Goal
Tension reduction

32. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
Positive and negative motivation
Rational and emotional motivation
Primary and secondary motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Financial and non-financial motivation

33. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Maslow’s need hierarchy theory
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

44. VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY