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THE CHEMISTRY OF
LAUNDRY DETERGENT
By: Imani Copeland
Surfactants
 Molecules that are attracted to
water –repelling substances on
one end, and water or water-
loving substance on the other
end
 Also known as the
hydrophobic tail and the
hydrophilic head
 The tail bonds to the oil and
dirt, while the head bonds
to the water molecules
Surfactants con’t
Builders
 Builders are used to enhance
the cleaning effect of the
surfactants and the detergent
as a whole.
 Phosphate is a common
builder that is used to raise
the pH of the solution. This
helps because the higher
the alkalinity, the better the
detergent will get through
fats and greater.
Builders
Hard vs Soft Water
 Will not lather with soap
 Glasses will have spots and
residue
 Clothes will look dingy
 Hair might be sticky and look
dull
 Contains more minerals like
Magnesium and Calcium
 Preferred drinking water
 Lathers with soap
 Glasses will be cleaner
 Clothes won’t look fresh
and crisp
 Hair will look healthier
 Only contains Sodium
Hard Water Soft Water
Hard vs Soft Water
We want more! We want more!
 Enzymes are used as catalyst to help the reaction
move faster, resulting in a faster yet effective
clean.
 Research is constantly going on to find something
to replace Phosphate as a builder because it can be
harsh on things like the environment and sensitive
skin.
 Sequestering agents are Phosphates used to
balance out hard water by attaching to
Magnesium and Calcium, preventing them from
combining with the surfactants.
Works Cited
 Works Cited
 00orange00. "Green Laundry Detergents." Bright Hub. Ed. Laurie
Patsalides. Bright Hub, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013.
<http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-living/articles/17624.aspx>.
 "Hard vs Soft Water Explained." Free Drinking Water. N.p., n.d. Web. 5
May 2013. <http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/quality-
water-hard.htm>.
 Lafferty, Mike. "Detergent chemistry has hit the wall on clean, so it's going
green." AOCS. The American Oil Chemists' Society, n.d. Web. 28 Apr.
2013.
<http://www.aocs.org/Membership/FreeCover.cfm?itemnumber=6677>.
 Moon, G. E., II. "THe PH scale." Abundant Helath Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 5
May 2013. <http://www.abundanthealthcenter.com/blog/the-acid-alkaline-
ph-scale>.
 "Notes on Making Cola." Basic Chem. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://cubecinema.com/cola/chemistry/cola1.htm>.
 "Phosphate Anion Chemistry." About. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---
P/phosphate.htm>.
 Wood, Clair. "Detergents." Chem Matters: 4-7. Print.

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Laundry detergent

  • 1. THE CHEMISTRY OF LAUNDRY DETERGENT By: Imani Copeland
  • 2. Surfactants  Molecules that are attracted to water –repelling substances on one end, and water or water- loving substance on the other end  Also known as the hydrophobic tail and the hydrophilic head  The tail bonds to the oil and dirt, while the head bonds to the water molecules
  • 4. Builders  Builders are used to enhance the cleaning effect of the surfactants and the detergent as a whole.  Phosphate is a common builder that is used to raise the pH of the solution. This helps because the higher the alkalinity, the better the detergent will get through fats and greater.
  • 6. Hard vs Soft Water  Will not lather with soap  Glasses will have spots and residue  Clothes will look dingy  Hair might be sticky and look dull  Contains more minerals like Magnesium and Calcium  Preferred drinking water  Lathers with soap  Glasses will be cleaner  Clothes won’t look fresh and crisp  Hair will look healthier  Only contains Sodium Hard Water Soft Water
  • 7. Hard vs Soft Water
  • 8. We want more! We want more!  Enzymes are used as catalyst to help the reaction move faster, resulting in a faster yet effective clean.  Research is constantly going on to find something to replace Phosphate as a builder because it can be harsh on things like the environment and sensitive skin.  Sequestering agents are Phosphates used to balance out hard water by attaching to Magnesium and Calcium, preventing them from combining with the surfactants.
  • 9. Works Cited  Works Cited  00orange00. "Green Laundry Detergents." Bright Hub. Ed. Laurie Patsalides. Bright Hub, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. <http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-living/articles/17624.aspx>.  "Hard vs Soft Water Explained." Free Drinking Water. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/quality- water-hard.htm>.  Lafferty, Mike. "Detergent chemistry has hit the wall on clean, so it's going green." AOCS. The American Oil Chemists' Society, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. <http://www.aocs.org/Membership/FreeCover.cfm?itemnumber=6677>.  Moon, G. E., II. "THe PH scale." Abundant Helath Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://www.abundanthealthcenter.com/blog/the-acid-alkaline- ph-scale>.  "Notes on Making Cola." Basic Chem. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://cubecinema.com/cola/chemistry/cola1.htm>.  "Phosphate Anion Chemistry." About. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures--- P/phosphate.htm>.  Wood, Clair. "Detergents." Chem Matters: 4-7. Print.