MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINE TOOLS
Methods of Holding the Work in a Lathe (Chuck,Collet,face Plate,Holding the Work Between Centers)
Work Holding for Drill Presses
Boring Drilling, Reaming, Tapping Milling
Peripheral Milling vs. Face Milling
Shaper and Planer
Broaching
MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINE TOOLS
Methods of Holding the Work in a Lathe (Chuck,Collet,face Plate,Holding the Work Between Centers)
Work Holding for Drill Presses
Boring Drilling, Reaming, Tapping Milling
Peripheral Milling vs. Face Milling
Shaper and Planer
Broaching
Manufacturing Engineering 2, cutting tools and tool holdersGaurav Mistry
Detail study of cutting tool materials, some special materials, carbide tip tools, carbide inserts, types, carbide insert holders, ISO designation of carbide inserts, single point cutting tool nomenclature and angles, tool geometry, Tool life, tool wear and types, machinability
Manufacturing Engineering 2, cutting tools and tool holdersGaurav Mistry
Detail study of cutting tool materials, some special materials, carbide tip tools, carbide inserts, types, carbide insert holders, ISO designation of carbide inserts, single point cutting tool nomenclature and angles, tool geometry, Tool life, tool wear and types, machinability
IN THIS PRESENTATION CONSIST ON LATHE AND ITS TYPES EXPLAIN SHORT &
SWEET WITH GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
Note : PART-A CONTINUOUS..... Remaining Unit Update soon ...WIsh you Happy Learning.....
The given presentation consists of introduction to lathe machines, working principles, classification, constructions, accessories, lathe operations, work holding devices, etc
This presentation contains construction diagram of all type of control valves. The function of control valve in a fluid power system is to control flow, regulate pressure and direct the fluid. It also starts and stops the systems.
Control Valves Types:
- Pressure Control Valves: Pressure relief valve, Pressure reducing valve, Pressure unloading valve
- Flow Control Valves: Pressure Compensated valve, Non-Pressure compensated valve, Check valve, pilot operated check valve
- Direction Control Valves:
2x2, 3x2, 4x2, 4x3, 5x2 sliding spool, rotary spool and seat & poppet type valves
- Special Purpose Valves: Sequence valve, Time delay valve, Shuttle/ Double Check/ OR valve, Dual/ Twin pressure/ AND valve, Quick Exhaust valve
Digital Manufacturing : Computer Integrated Manufacturing
The use of an integrated, Computer-based system Comprised of simulation, Three-dimensional (3D) visualization, Analytics and various collaboration tools To create product and manufacturing process simultaneously.
Digital Manufacturing : Computer Integrated Manufacturing
The use of an integrated, Computer-based system Comprised of simulation, Three-dimensional (3D) visualization, Analytics and various collaboration tools To create product and manufacturing process simultaneously.
Introduction to Milling Machine
Reference: Elements of Workshop Technology (Vol. 2) Hajra Choudhary and web ref.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDxq9AkxYfk
https://www.mecholic.com/2018/04/elements-of-plain-milling-cutter.html
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Lathe machine
1. - By Virag A. Timbadia
Lecturer – SBM Polytechnic
2. Introduction
• Definition:
Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a work piece to the
required shape & size
• Principle:
A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed
cutting tool. The cutting tool is feed into the work piece, which rotates
about its own Z-axis, causing the work piece to be formed to the desired
shape.
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7. Classification
Lathe
Machine
Speed lathes
Engine lathes
Bench lathes
Capstan and turret lathes
Automatic lathes
Computer controlled lathes
Tracer lathes
Tool Room lathes
Special Purpose lathes
ViragA.Timbadia
Wood working
Polishing
Spinning
Belt drive
Gear head lathe
Missile Lathe
Gap Bed Lathe
T-Lathe
Wheel Lathe
Duplicating Lathe
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8. • Speed lathes: High speed lathe with very few ranges of speed and use for
wood working, centering polishing and spinning.
• Engine lathes: This is similar to the speed lathes but the head stock is little
robust in construction. Engine lathes have additional mechanisms to
produce a wide range of speeds.
• Bench lathes: This is a very small lathe and is generally mounted over a
bench. These lathes are small in size and are generally used for doing small
and precision works.
• Capstan and turret lathes: These are the developments made in engine
lathe. These lathes found application in production work. In this lathes the
tail stock is replaced by hexagonal turret. Based on the way the turret is
mounted they will be classified in to capstan and turret lathes.
• Automatic lathes: Every operation is automatically done by employing
computers. These lathes have high speed, heavy duty and are used for mass
production. These lathes produce jobs with minimum tolerances and of very
high accuracy.
• Tracer lathes: a lathe that has the ability to follow a template to copy a
shape or contour.
• Tool Room lathes: it is more accurately built and a wide range of speeds
ranging from very low to very high speeds up to 2500rpm can be generated.
This is used for doing precision works like tools dies etc. tool room lathes
are costlier when compared to engine lathes of same size.
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9. Specification
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1. The length of bed :
It indicates the approximate floor space occupied by the lathe.
2. The length between centers :
It is the maximum length of work that can be mounted between the lathe
centers.
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10. ViragA.Timbadia
BED
SWING DIAMETER OVER BED
HEIGHT OF CENTRE FROM BED
SWING DIAMETER OVER CARRIAGE
CARRIAGE
Specification
3. The height of centers from the bed : It is the distance between top surface of the bed
and the imaginary center line passing through live centre and dead centre.
4. The maximum bar diameter : It is the maximum diameter of work that will pass
through the hole of the head stock spindle.
5. The swing diameter of work over bed : It is the largest diameter of work that will
revolve without touching the bed. It is twice the height of the centres from the bed.
6. The swing diameter of work over the carriage : It is the largest diameter of work that
will revolve over the lathe saddle. It is smaller than the swing diameter over bed.
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13. BED
The bed of the lathe provides
the foundation for the entire
machine and holds various
components like headstock,
tailstock and carriage in
alignment.
Components
WAY
The surfaces of the bed that are
finely machined - and upon which
the carriage and tailstock slide - are
known as "ways".
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14. Components
ViragA.Timbadia
HEADSTOCK
The headstock of the lathe
contains all of the gearing
necessary to change
• Spindle speed
• Carriage feed and
• Threading selections.
SPEED & FEED GEARS
The lathe “speed” and
“feed” charts are affixed to
the front of the headstock to
allow the operator to make
the proper feed and speed
selections based on the
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21. •Work to be turned between
centers must have center hole
drilled in each end
– Provides bearing surface
•Support during cutting
•Most common have solid
Morse taper shank 60º centers,
steel with carbide tips
•Care to adjust and lubricate
occasionally
Lathe Centers
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22. Removing & Mounting
Lathe Centers
• Live center
– Use knockout bar pushed through headstock spindle (slight tap)
• Use cloth over center and hold to prevent damage
• Dead center
– Turn tailstock hand wheel to draw spindle back into tailstock
• End of screw contacts end of dead center, forcing it out of spindle
• Remove any burrs from lathe spindle, centers, or spindle sleeves
• Clean tapers on lathe centers and in headstock and tailstock spindles
• Partially insert cleaned center in lathe spindle
– Force center into spindle
• Follow same procedure when mounting tailstock center
• Check trueness of center
– Use dial indicator
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23. RevolvingTailstockCenters
• Replaced solid dead centers for most machining operations
• Used to support work held in chuck or when work is being machined
between centers
• Contains antifriction bearings which allow center to revolve with work piece
– No lubrication required between center and work
• Types: revolving dead center, long point center, and changeable point center
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24. MicrosetAdjustableCenter
• Fits into tailstock spindle
• Provides means of aligning lathe centers or producing slight tapers on work
machined between centers
• Eccentric slide (dovetail) allows center to be adjusted limited amount to
each side of center
Self-DrivingLive Center
• Mounted in headstock spindle
• Used when entire length of work piece is being machined in one operation
– Chuck or lathe dog could not be used to drive work
• Grooves ground around circumference of lathe center point provide drive
• Work usually soft material such as aluminum
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25. Chucks
• Used extensively for holding work for lathe machining operations
– Work large or unusual shape
• Most commonly used lathe chucks
– Three-jaw universal
– Four-jaw independent
– Collets chuck
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26. Three-jawUniversalChuck
• Holds round and hexagonal work
• Grasps work quickly and accurate within few thousandths/inch
• Three jaws move simultaneously when
adjusted by chuck wrench
– Caused by scroll plate into which all three jaws fit
• Two sets of jaw: outside chucking and inside chucking
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27. Four-Jaw Independent Chuck
• Used to hold round, square, hexagonal, and irregularly shaped work pieces
• Has four jaws
– Each can be adjusted independently by chuck wrench
• Jaws can be reversed to hold work by inside diameter
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28. ColletChucks
• Most accurate chuck
• Used for high-precision work
• Spring collets available to hold round, square, or hexagon-shaped work
pieces
• Each collet has range of only few thousandths of an inch over or under size
stamped on collet
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29. SpringColletChucks
• Spring - collet chuck
– One form: Hand wheel draws collet into tapered adapter
– Another form: Uses chuck wrench to tighten collet on work piece
• Can hold larger work than draw-in type
|
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30. JacobsColletChuck
• Jacobs collet chuck
– Utilizes impact-tightening hand wheel to close collets
– Wider range than spring-collet chuck
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31. MagneticChucks
• Used to hold iron or steel parts that are too thin or may be damaged if held
in conventional chuck
• Fitted to an adapter mounted on headstock spindle
• Used only for light cuts and for special grinding applications
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32. HeadstockSpindleTypes
1. Threaded
spindle nose:
Screws on in
C.W. direction
3. Tapered
spindle Nose:
Held by lock nut
that tightens on
chuck
2. Cam-lock spindle nose:
Held by tightening cam-locks using T-wrench
Chuck aligned by taper on spindle nose
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33. Faceplates
• Used to hold work too large or shaped so it cannot be held in chuck or
between centers
• Usually equipped with several slots to permit use of bolts to secure work
– Angle plate used so axis of work piece may be aligned with lathe
centers
• Counterbalance fastened to faceplate when work mounted off center
– Prevent imbalance and resultant vibrations
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34. Steady rest
• Used to support long work held
in chuck or between lathe centers
– Prevent springing
• Located on and aligned by ways
of the lathe
• Positioned at any point along
lathe bed
• Three jaws tipped with plastic,
bronze or rollers may be adjusted
to support any work diameter
with steady rest capacity
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35. FollowerRest
• Mounted on saddle
• Travels with carriage to prevent
work from springing up and
away from cutting tool
– Cutting tool generally
positioned just ahead of
follower rest
– Provide smooth bearing
surface for two jaws of
follower rest
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36. Mandrel
• Holds internally machined work piece between centers so further
machining operations are concentric with bore
Plain Mandrel
Stub Mandrel
Gang Mandrel
Expanding Mandrel
• Several types, but most
common are:
-Plain Mandrel
-Expanding Mandrel
-Stub Mandrel
-Gang Mandrel
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37. LatheDogs
• Drives work machined between centers
• Has opening to receive work and setscrew to fasten the dog to work
• Tail of dog fits into slot on drive plate and provides drive to work piece
• Made in variety of sizes and types to suit various work pieces
Standard bent-tail lathe dog:
• Most commonly used for round work pieces
• Available with square-head setscrews of headless setscrews
• Bent tail engages in slot on drive plate
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38. Straight-tail lathe
dog
• Driven by stud in
drive plate
• Used in precision
turning
Safety Clamp
lathe dog
• Used to hold variety
of work
• Wide range of
adjustment
Heavy Duty lathe
dog
• Wider Range than
others
• Used on all shapes
LatheDogs
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39. Cutting Tool-Holding Devices
• Available in three styles
– Left-hand offset
– Right-hand offset
– Straight
• Each has square hole to accommodate square tool-bit held in place by
setscrew
– Angle of approximately 15º to 30º to base of tool-holder
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40. LH Offset tool holder
• Offset to the right
• Designed for machining work close
to chuck or faceplate and cutting
right to left
• Designated by letter L
RH Offset tool holder
• Offset to the left
• Designed for machining work close
to the tailstock and cutting left to
right
• Designated by letter R
Offset Tool holder
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41. Toolholder
Straight Tool Holder
• General-purpose type
• Used for taking cuts in either direction
and for general machining operations
• Designated by letter S
Carbide Tool Holder
• Has square hole parallel to base of
tool holder to accommodate carbide-
tipped tool bits
• Holds tool bit with little or no back
rake
• Designated by letter C
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42. Cutting-Off (Parting)Tools
• Used when work must be grooved or parted off
• Long, thin cutting-off blade locked securely in tool holder by either cam
lock or locking nut
• Three types of parting tool holders
– Left-hand
– Right-hand
– Straight
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43. ThreadingToolholder
• Designed to hold special form-relieved thread-cutting tool
• Has accurately ground 60º angle
– Maintained throughout life of tool
– Only top of cutting surface sharpened when becomes dull
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44. Boring Toolholders
• Held in standard tool post
– Light boring tool holder
• Used for small holes and light cuts
– Medium boring tool holder
• Suitable for heavier cuts
• May be held at 45º or 90º to axis of bar
• Mounted on compound rest of lathe
– Heavy-duty boring bar holder
• Three bars of different diameters
• May be held at 45º or 90º to axis of bar
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45. CompoundRest ToolingSystems
• Standard, or round, tool post
– Generally supplied with conventional engine lathe
– Fits into T-slot of compound rest
– Provides means of holding and adjusting type of tool holder or cutting
tool required
– Concave ring and the wedge or rocker provide for adjustment of cutting-
tool height
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47. Modular(Quick-Change)Tooling
• Initially developed for CNC machine tools
to improve accuracy, reduce tool-change
time and increase productivity
– Benefits realized on conventional lathes
with systems designed for these
machines
• Modular tooling system must be rigid,
accurate and have quick-change capabilities
– Basic clamping unit or turret can hold
variety of cutting tool modules
• Principal function is to reduce cost of
keeping large tool inventory
• Tools can be specifically mounted to suit
characteristics of work piece
• More common systems available
– The Super Quick-Change Tool post
– The Quadra* Index Tool post
– The Super-Six Index Turret
– The Vertical Index Turret
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48. SuperQuick-Change Toolpost
• Provides fast, accurate, and reliable method of quickly changing and setting
various tool holders for different operations
• Locking system has two sliding gibs forced out against tool holder
– Handle pulled into lock position
– Provides rigid, positive lock with zero backlash
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49. Quadra*IndexToolpost
• Allows four tools to be mounted on turret at same time
– Each tool locked independently
– Provides flexibility to use from one to four tools simultaneously
• Unique indexing system of turret allows it to be set in 24 positions (every 15º)
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50. Super-SixIndex Turret
• Designed to simplify and increase machining productivity on engine lathes
when multi-operation jobs require use of more than one tool
– Up to six tools for external and internal machining operations
– Allows height adjustment for each tool
• Tool changes can be made in less than 1 sec
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51. VerticalIndex Turret(VIT)
• Designed to give highest
accuracy, fastest tool change and
greatest rigidity of any tool
system available for engine lathes
• Same concept as indexing turrets
on CNC lathes
– Can hold up to six or eight
tools
– Closest to performance of
CNC lathes
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52. Alignment Test
Lathe Centers
• When lathe center aligned Parallel diameters produced
• Three common methods used to align
– Aligning tailstock
– Trial Cut
– Test Bar and Indicator
Leveling of the Machine
True Running of Work Piece
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53. • Aligning centerlines on back of tailstock with each other
• Only a visual check and not too accurate
1. Loosen tailstock clamp nut or level
2. Loosen one of the adjusting screws, depending on direction tailstock must be
moved and tighten other until line on top aligns with line on bottom half
3. Tighten screw to lock both halves in place
4. Make sure tailstock lines still aligned
5. Lock tailstock clamp nut or lever
Aligning TailStock
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54. 8. If both diameters not same size, adjust
tailstock either toward or away from
cutting tool ½ difference of two
readings
9. Take another light cut at both points at
same cross feed graduated collar setting
10.Measure diameters and repeat.
Trial-CutMethod
• Small cut taken from each end of work
• Diameters measured with a micrometer
1. Take a light cut (.005-.010 in.) to true diameter from section at tailstock end
about .250 in. long
2. Stop feed and note reading on graduated collar of cross feed handle
3. Move cutting tool away from work with cross feed handle
4. Bring cutting tool close to headstock end
5. Return cutting tool to same graduated collar setting as at first cut
6. Cut a .500-in (13 mm) length at headstock end and stop lathe
7. Measure both diameters with micrometer
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55. Test bar anddial indicator
1.Clean lathe and work center, mount test bar
2.Adjust test bar snugly between centers and tighten tailstock spindle clamp
3.Mount dial indicator on tool post or lathe carriage : Indicator plunger should be
parallel to lathe bed and contact point set on center
4.Adjust cross-slide : Indicator registers approximately .025 in at tailstock,
indicator bezel to 0
5.Move carriage by hand so indicator registers on diameter at headstock end and
note indicator reading
6.If both indicator readings not same, adjust tailstock with adjusting screws until
indicator registers same at both ends
7.Tighten adjusting screw & tail stock clamp nut that was loosened
8.Adjust tailstock spindle until test bar snug between lathe centers
9.Recheck indicator readings at both ends and, if necessary, adjust tailstock
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56. ViragA.Timbadia
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ThreeImportantElements
Rotating Speed
It expresses with the number of rotations (rpm) of the chuck of a lathe. When
the rotating speed is high, processing speed becomes quick, and a processing
surface is finely finished. It is better to set low rotating speed at the first stage.
Cutting Depth
The cutting depth of the tool affects to the processing speed and the roughness
of surface. When the cutting depth is big, the processing speed becomes quick,
but the surface temperature becomes high, and it has rough surface.
Feed (Sending Speed )
The sending speed of the tool also affects to the processing speed and the
roughness of surface. When the sending speed is high, the processing speed
becomes quick. When the sending speed is low, the surface is finished beautiful.
61. ViragA.Timbadia
61
TaperTurning
Methods of Taper Turning
1. By a broad nose form tool
2. By setting over the tailstock center
3. By swiveling the compound rest
4. By taper turning attachment
5. By Combining longitudinal and cross
feed in a special lathe
1.
3.2.
Set Over = L x
(D−d)
2L
=
(D−d)
L