This document provides an introduction to LaTeX, covering what LaTeX is, why you would want to use it, its document structure, and how to include math, R code/objects, and references. LaTeX is a programming language used to create consistently formatted documents across different document types. It allows for fancy fonts, automatic numbering, and embedding of other objects like figures, tables, and R code/outputs. The document structure in LaTeX includes the preamble, top matter, main text, appendices, bibliography, and comments.

1. . . . . . .
LATEX Basics
Kristen Sauby, Rosana Zenil-Lopez, Gabriela Blohm
Department of Biology
University of Florida
April 1, 2011
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 1 / 29

2. . . . . . .
What is LATEX?
a programming language used to create attractive and
consistently formatted documents
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 2 / 29

3. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
consistent formatting
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 3 / 29

4. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
consistent formatting
fancy fonts
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 3 / 29

5. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
consistent formatting
fancy fonts
make posters, presentations, and other types of
documents
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 3 / 29

6. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
consistent formatting
fancy fonts
make posters, presentations, and other types of
documents
automatic numbering of sections,

7. gures, tables, and
formulas
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 3 / 29

8. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
consistent formatting
fancy fonts
make posters, presentations, and other types of
documents
automatic numbering of sections,

9. gures, tables, and
formulas
creation of a bibliography and index
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 3 / 29

10. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
!"##$ %"##& '"##( )"##g
*"##+ ,"##- ."##g /"##g
D. Taraborelli !2008", The Beauty of LATEX
Some rights reserved. ##$%&$'(
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 4 / 29

11. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
include, align, and number attractive mathematical
formulas
n!
k!(n k)!
=
(
n
k
)
(1)
lim
x!1
exp(x) = 0 (2)
Am;n =


a1;1 a1;2 a1;n
a2;1 a2;2 a2;n
...
...
. . . ...
am;1 am;2 am;n


(3)
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 5 / 29

12. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
Embed R code and objects
sample(100, 5)
[1] 85 79 82 62 73
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 6 / 29

13. . . . . . .
Why would you want to use LATEX?
Embed R code and objects
library(xtable)
counts - c(18, 17, 15, 20, 10, 20, 25, 13, 12)
outcome - gl(3, 1, 9)
treatment - gl(3, 3)
print(xtable(data.frame(treatment, outcome, counts)))
treatment outcome counts
1 1 1 18.00
2 1 2 17.00
3 1 3 15.00
4 2 1 20.00
5 2 2 10.00
6 2 3 20.00
7 3 1 25.00
8 3 2 13.00
9 3 3 12.00
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 7 / 29

14. We'll Work Through an Example Together
Go to latexlab.org or open the example .tex

15. le on your
computer.
. . . . . .
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 8 / 29

16. We'll Work Through an Example Together
Go to latexlab.org or open the example .tex

17. le on your
computer.
We'll use this example document to understand better the
structure of LATEX documents.
. . . . . .
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 8 / 29

18. We'll Work Through an Example Together
Go to latexlab.org or open the example .tex

19. le on your
computer.
We'll use this example document to understand better the
structure of LATEX documents.
In LATEX lab, select split (near the bottom left of the
page)
this lets us see the .tex document and the ouput
document (the compiled document) in the same
window.
. . . . . .
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 8 / 29

20. What types of documents can you make in LATEX?
. . . . . .
Classes of LATEX documents include:
article
book
beamer (for presentations)
and more
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21. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
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22. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 10 / 29

23. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)
the written document (abstract, sections, etc.)
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 10 / 29

24. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)
the written document (abstract, sections, etc.)
appendices
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 10 / 29

25. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)
the written document (abstract, sections, etc.)
appendices
table of contents
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 10 / 29

26. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)
the written document (abstract, sections, etc.)
appendices
table of contents
bibliography
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 10 / 29

27. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
preamble (commands that aect the entire document)
top matter (title, date, authors, etc.)
the written document (abstract, sections, etc.)
appendices
table of contents
bibliography
comments (i.e., text that does not show up in the

28. nal document)
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 10 / 29

29. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
Begin your document using the following command:
ndocumentstyle[options]fclassg
where options include such speci

30. cations as
font size
number of columns
paper size
and the class is the type of document that you want to
make
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31. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
Next list the packages to be used:
nusepackage[options]fpackageg
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32. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
The preamble can also include:
title and author information
date
font speci

33. cation
and more
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34. . . . . . .
LATEX Document Structure
After completing the preamble begin the document:
nbeginfdocumentg
At the end of the document you must include the
command:
nendfdocumentg
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35. . . . . . .
Compiling Your LATEX
Once you have the document set up, you can then add
text,

36. gures, formulas, tables, etc. to the document.
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37. . . . . . .
Types of Functions in LATEX
Ways to organize or include data:
verbatim
itemize
enumerate

38. gure
table
tabular
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39. . . . . . .
Types of Functions in LATEX
Ways to organize or include data:
verbatim
itemize
enumerate

40. gure
table
tabular
Try adding a bulleted list to the example .tex

41. le.
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 16 / 29

42. . . . . . .
Types of Functions
You can also include comments (that don't appear in the

43. nal, compiled document) by using the % symbol.
Anything after the % symbol will not be evaluated by
LATEX when compiling the document.
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 17 / 29

44. . . . . . .
Including Math in LATEX
Note that our example .tex

45. le includes
nusepackagefamsmathg in the preamble.
This package lets us include mathematical formulas in our
LATEX document.
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46. . . . . . .
Including Math in LATEX
The example .tex

47. le includes this formula:
nbeginfaligng
E = mc^2 nn
m = nfracfm 0gfnsqrtf1-nfracfv^2gfc^2ggg
nendfaligng
The aligncommand is speci

48. c to mathematical formulas
and allows you to align the=symbol of multiple
formulas.
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 19 / 29

49. . . . . . .
Using R and LATEX
Unfortunately, LATEX lab doesn't support Sweave...
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50. Using R and LATEX
To include R objects/code in a LATEX document:
. . . . . .
In the preamble include:
nusepackagefSweaveg
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 21 / 29

51. Using R and LATEX
To include R objects/code in a LATEX document:
. . . . . .
In the preamble include:
nusepackagefSweaveg
After nbeginfdocumentg include:
include Sweave options here=
include R data here
@
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 21 / 29

52. Using R and LATEX
To include R objects/code in a LATEX document:
. . . . . .
In the preamble include:
nusepackagefSweaveg
After nbeginfdocumentg include:
include Sweave options here=
include R data here
@
Save your

53. le with the .Rnwextension instead of
.tex
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 21 / 29

54. . . . . . .
Using R and LATEX
To include R objects/code in a LATEX document:
Execute the .Rnw

55. le
I using your text editor
I using R
This produces a .tex

56. le which you can then compile
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 22 / 29

57. . . . . . .
Using R and LATEX
Example:
=
sample(100,5)
@
Will produce:
sample(100, 5)
[1] 72 67 41 24 83
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 23 / 29

58. . . . . . .
Using R and LATEX
Use the function xtable from library xtable to include
tables:
Results=TEX=
library(xtable)
counts - c(18,17,15,20,10,20,25,13,12)
outcome - gl(3,1,9)
treatment - gl(3,3)
print(xtable(data.frame(treatment, outcome, counts)))
@
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 24 / 29

59. . . . . . .
Using R and LATEX
Use the function xtable from library xtable to include
tables
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 25 / 29

60. Using R and LATEX
print(xtable(data.frame(treatment, outcome, counts)))
produces this table:
treatment outcome counts
1 1 1 18.00
2 1 2 17.00
3 1 3 15.00
4 2 1 20.00
5 2 2 10.00
6 2 3 20.00
7 3 1 25.00
8 3 2 13.00
9 3 3 12.00
. . . . . .
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61. . . . . . .
Use as a Reference Manager
make a .bib

62. le containing reference information
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63. . . . . . .
Use as a Reference Manager
make a .bib

64. le containing reference information
include nusepackagefciteg in your preamble
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65. . . . . . .
Use as a Reference Manager
make a .bib

66. le containing reference information
include nusepackagefciteg in your preamble
use commands such as ncitepfyour-ref-nameg in the
body of your document where you want to include a
citation
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 27 / 29

67. . . . . . .
Use as a Reference Manager
make a .bib

68. le containing reference information
include nusepackagefciteg in your preamble
use commands such as ncitepfyour-ref-nameg in the
body of your document where you want to include a
citation
include the following commands at the end of the
document to compile the reference list:
I nbibliographyfname-of-your-bib-

69. leg
I nbibliographystylefname-of-ref-styleg
Sauby, Zenil, Blohm (U of Fl) LATEXBasics April 1, 2011 27 / 29

70. . . . . . .
Good Resources for LATEX
LATEX Wikibook
Online LATEX Equation Editor
Sweave User Manual
A Beamer Quickstart
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71. This is a very brief overview of LATEX but we hope that you
have learned something useful!
. . . . . .
Questions?
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