Latex is a markup language for typesetting documents, built on top of the TeX typesetting system. It allows for high quality typesetting, easy inclusion of math formulas, and is platform independent. Latex uses markup tags to denote headings, lists, tables, images, and bibliographies, and compiles these files into a final formatted document. Some key advantages of Latex include high quality typesetting, ease of including math formulas, platform independence, and its status as the de facto standard for scientific publishing.