The document outlines several language teaching methods: the Direct Method teaches entirely in the target language without grammar rules or translation; the Grammar Translation Method focuses on translation and memorizing grammar rules; the Audio-Lingual Method emphasizes dialog practice and habit formation; the Structural Method presents language as a hierarchy of grammatical rules; Community Language Learning builds teacher-student links and uses the mother tongue; Immersion Method teaches other subjects through the target language; Task-Based Learning focuses on interesting tasks to motivate language use; the Natural Approach stresses similarities between L1 and L2 acquisition; and Communicative Language Teaching enables effective communication in various contexts.