This document discusses the concepts of linguistic imperialism and linguicism. It defines linguistic imperialism as the imposition of one language on speakers of other languages, using English as the primary example. It asserts that linguistic imperialism is a form of cultural imperialism that is propagated through four mechanisms: exploitation, penetration, fragmentation, and marginalization. Linguicism refers to unfair treatment or negative attitudes towards individuals based solely on their use of language, such as discrimination against a person's mother tongue or local dialect. The document contrasts linguicism with other forms of discrimination like sexism and racism.
The document discusses some key characteristics of legal English discourse. It notes that legal discourse involves specialized language used in professional and institutional settings like courts. There are different types of legal discourse depending on context, such as language between lawyers and clients, language used in courts, and language found in legal documents and academic texts. Some other characteristics include the use of archaic words, Latin terms, repetitive structures, long complex sentences, passive voice constructions, and an impersonal style.
1. Ethnicity refers to identification with a social group based on common cultural traits like language, religion, and ancestry rather than biological factors.
2. While race is often linked to biology, ethnicity is more closely associated with cultural expression and identity. However, both are social constructs used to categorize populations.
3. Language can be an important part of ethnic identity and differentiation, as seen in examples like the divergence between African American Vernacular English and White English dialects in the US due to social and geographic separation of ethnic groups.
This document discusses language variation and the different types of language varieties. It defines varieties as forms of language that differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between regions, social classes, or functions. The key varieties discussed are standard language, dialects, registers, pidgins, creoles, classical languages, and lingua francas. Standard language is used widely for official purposes, while dialects vary regionally or among social groups. Registers differ based on social or occupational context. Pidgins emerge for communication between groups with no shared language, and creoles develop when pidgins are passed to children as a native language.
Code Switching: a paper by Krishna BistaAna Azevedo
The document discusses code switching, which is the mixing of words or phrases from two languages in speech or writing. It examines a study on the factors influencing code switching among bilingual English students in university classrooms. The study found that students most often code switch due to not knowing the English word, to fill gaps in speaking, or because it is easier to express themselves in their native language. While code switching can help communication, it may also hinder the learning of the target language if overused.
Diglossia refers to a stable language situation where two varieties of the same language are used by a language community. The high variety (H) has prestige and is used for formal, written communication while the low variety (L) lacks prestige and is used for informal, spoken communication. Some key aspects of diglossia include the high variety having prestige, a literary heritage, acquisition through formal education, standardization, a simpler grammar in the low variety, differing lexicons between the varieties, and the high variety having a divergent sound system from the low variety.
This document discusses language variation and change. It defines language variation as differences in language between dialects and how languages evolve over time due to internal and external factors. The key points made are:
- Language variation includes differences between dialects and how languages change over time due to social, geographic, political and other influences.
- Reasons for language change include the rise of new concepts, discoveries, migration, and prestige. Changes can occur in sounds, morphology, syntax, semantics and vocabulary.
- Regional dialects develop when geographic separation reduces communication between language groups, allowing innovations to diverge over time into distinct dialects and potentially separate languages.
The document discusses language and ethnicity. It defines ethnicity as being identified with a group descended from common ancestors who share cultural traits like language, religion, and dress. Ethnic varieties of English arise from the languages of immigrant groups and can influence mainstream English over time through the spread of lexical and grammatical features. The document asks questions about ethnic identity and the relationship between ethnicity and language, and provides examples of characteristics and influences on ethnic varieties of English in the US and expressions that have spread to mainstream English from ethnic varieties.
This document discusses the concepts of linguistic imperialism and linguicism. It defines linguistic imperialism as the imposition of one language on speakers of other languages, using English as the primary example. It asserts that linguistic imperialism is a form of cultural imperialism that is propagated through four mechanisms: exploitation, penetration, fragmentation, and marginalization. Linguicism refers to unfair treatment or negative attitudes towards individuals based solely on their use of language, such as discrimination against a person's mother tongue or local dialect. The document contrasts linguicism with other forms of discrimination like sexism and racism.
The document discusses some key characteristics of legal English discourse. It notes that legal discourse involves specialized language used in professional and institutional settings like courts. There are different types of legal discourse depending on context, such as language between lawyers and clients, language used in courts, and language found in legal documents and academic texts. Some other characteristics include the use of archaic words, Latin terms, repetitive structures, long complex sentences, passive voice constructions, and an impersonal style.
1. Ethnicity refers to identification with a social group based on common cultural traits like language, religion, and ancestry rather than biological factors.
2. While race is often linked to biology, ethnicity is more closely associated with cultural expression and identity. However, both are social constructs used to categorize populations.
3. Language can be an important part of ethnic identity and differentiation, as seen in examples like the divergence between African American Vernacular English and White English dialects in the US due to social and geographic separation of ethnic groups.
This document discusses language variation and the different types of language varieties. It defines varieties as forms of language that differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between regions, social classes, or functions. The key varieties discussed are standard language, dialects, registers, pidgins, creoles, classical languages, and lingua francas. Standard language is used widely for official purposes, while dialects vary regionally or among social groups. Registers differ based on social or occupational context. Pidgins emerge for communication between groups with no shared language, and creoles develop when pidgins are passed to children as a native language.
Code Switching: a paper by Krishna BistaAna Azevedo
The document discusses code switching, which is the mixing of words or phrases from two languages in speech or writing. It examines a study on the factors influencing code switching among bilingual English students in university classrooms. The study found that students most often code switch due to not knowing the English word, to fill gaps in speaking, or because it is easier to express themselves in their native language. While code switching can help communication, it may also hinder the learning of the target language if overused.
Diglossia refers to a stable language situation where two varieties of the same language are used by a language community. The high variety (H) has prestige and is used for formal, written communication while the low variety (L) lacks prestige and is used for informal, spoken communication. Some key aspects of diglossia include the high variety having prestige, a literary heritage, acquisition through formal education, standardization, a simpler grammar in the low variety, differing lexicons between the varieties, and the high variety having a divergent sound system from the low variety.
This document discusses language variation and change. It defines language variation as differences in language between dialects and how languages evolve over time due to internal and external factors. The key points made are:
- Language variation includes differences between dialects and how languages change over time due to social, geographic, political and other influences.
- Reasons for language change include the rise of new concepts, discoveries, migration, and prestige. Changes can occur in sounds, morphology, syntax, semantics and vocabulary.
- Regional dialects develop when geographic separation reduces communication between language groups, allowing innovations to diverge over time into distinct dialects and potentially separate languages.
The document discusses language and ethnicity. It defines ethnicity as being identified with a group descended from common ancestors who share cultural traits like language, religion, and dress. Ethnic varieties of English arise from the languages of immigrant groups and can influence mainstream English over time through the spread of lexical and grammatical features. The document asks questions about ethnic identity and the relationship between ethnicity and language, and provides examples of characteristics and influences on ethnic varieties of English in the US and expressions that have spread to mainstream English from ethnic varieties.
English has become a global language due to the historical political and economic power of its native speakers. A global language is characterized by its large number of native and non-native speakers, its geographical distribution, and its use in international organizations and diplomacy. English first spread globally through the British Empire between the 17th and 20th centuries, institutionalizing it in former colonies. American cultural dominance in the 20th century through music, film, technology and business has further consolidated English's position as the dominant global language today. English is now used internationally across many domains including academia, science, aviation, business and pop culture.
Languages are dying at an alarming rate, with approximately half of the world's 6,500 languages endangered or extinct. A language dies when no one speaks it anymore. As a language's domains of use shrink and its speakers become less proficient, the language gradually dies, as seen in the case of Annie and her Aboriginal language Dyirbal. When the current generation of speakers passes away, the language will likely become extinct if not revitalized. Gradual language loss and death occurs as communities shift to majority languages in more social contexts over time.
This document discusses language and social inequality. It begins by explaining how a speaker's linguistic choices reveal their social status and background, showing levels of linguistic and social inequality. It then discusses how linguists in the 20th century focused more on linguistic commonalities between languages rather than differences. Finally, it defines social inequality as disparities in access to social goods and services based on factors like class, race and gender. Specific forms of social inequality mentioned include those based on gender, race, caste and age. The relationship between language and social inequality is that some expressions and speakers are valued more highly than others in a way associated with social valuation.
Language varieties refer to different forms of a language influenced by social factors such as situation, occupation, age, geography, education, gender, social status, and ethnicity. There are several types of language varieties including dialects, registers, pidgins, and creoles. A dialect is a variety of a language used in a specific region or social class. Registers are varieties used in different situations based on formality. A pidgin is a simplified mixed language with reduced vocabulary and grammar used for communication between speakers of different languages, while a creole develops when a pidgin becomes the primary language of a group and acquires more complex grammar.
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideas that characterize a society. Language is the primary means of preserving and transmitting culture between generations. There is a close relationship between language and culture - they influence each other. Language reflects the physical and social environment of its culture through vocabulary related to areas like climate, occupations, and kinship terms. Different cultures categorize family relationships differently, and this is reflected in their language.
The document discusses several key sociolinguistic concepts including bilingualism, language change, language shift, code switching, language death and revival, standard languages, vernacular languages, national languages, official languages, pidgins, regional dialects, and social dialects. It defines each concept and provides details on types and factors that influence them. The document is a guide to understanding how language interacts with society.
This document discusses the topic of dialectology, which is the scientific study of linguistic dialects. It defines dialect as a specific form of a language that is peculiar to a certain region or social group. Dialectology studies variations in language based on geographic distribution and associated features. To distinguish between dialects of the same language, speakers must be able to understand each other. The document outlines levels of dialect analysis including geography, ethnicity, and social class. It also discusses the need to study dialects from both linguistic and social perspectives.
Chapter 4 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Disco...أحمد يوسف
- Multilingualism is common across the world, with speakers often using multiple languages in daily life depending on the context. This document discusses concepts like diglossia, where distinct "high" and "low" varieties of the same language are used under different conditions.
- Code-switching refers to switching between languages or language varieties within conversations. It can be obligatory, as in diglossia, or optional. Accommodation through convergence and divergence also influences code-switching.
- Multilingual identities are fluid and culturally constructed, as seen in examples of Dominican Americans in the US asserting their own identity through language use.
This document outlines the emergence and definitions of language rights, as well as approaches, principles, and functionality of language rights. It discusses language rights in various countries and regions, particularly focusing on Amazigh languages in North Africa. The document examines international conventions on linguistic rights in Morocco and Algeria, as well as the official language policies and status of languages in Morocco. It covers Amazigh movements' claims, integration of Amazigh in education and media, realizations and challenges, and concludes by noting the dominance of some languages over others despite language policies.
Social factors governing language variationZaraAnsari6
Social factors like class, ethnicity, gender, age, and education influence language variation. Labov's study found class affected pronunciation patterns, with upper classes using standard variants and lower classes using non-standard variants. Ethnic groups develop language varieties through substrates and adstrates. Gender influences language choice, with men using more direct and non-standard forms while women use more standard forms. Younger generations adopt new slang that differs from older generations. Education level also impacts language, with more educated speakers using standard dialects. These social dimensions are core to understanding sociolinguistic variation.
Meeting 11 social networks and communities of practiceSchool
1) Social networks are relationships between individuals connected through social and geographic spaces, while communities of practice are smaller groups of people with shared interests or goals.
2) Social networks are defined by the frequency and quality of interactions between members, whereas social class is determined by social attributes like education and occupation.
3) Communities of practice require mutual engagement between members, a jointly negotiated shared goal, and a shared repertoire of language, practices, and stories.
Rapid lose and endangerment of languages is occurring on a global scale. What are some of the causes of this? What consequences might it have, especially for speakers of minority languages? Discuss some of the steps proposed for diagnosing, halting and reversing language shift. Identify a language that is facing extinction or endangered. Discuss what can be done to revitalize it.
An introduction to forensic linguisticsReza Ramezani
The document discusses the field of forensic linguistics, providing definitions and examples. It defines forensic linguistics as the application of linguistic analysis to legal issues and problems. Some key areas that forensic linguistics can be applied to are discussed in more detail, including trademark infringement, product liability, speaker identification, and authorship analysis of written documents. Examples are given for each area to illustrate how linguistic analysis can be used, such as comparing trademark names, analyzing warning labels, comparing voices in recordings, and profiling authors based on linguistic patterns in written texts.
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. Key aspects studied include languages in contact, language variation, and language and gender. [1] Language varies based on social factors like gender, age, social class, and ethnicity. [2] Men and women tend to use language differently, with women generally using more questions, self-disclosure, and minimal responses while men tend toward verbal aggression and changing conversation topics. [3] The study of language variation according to social factors provides insights into membership in social groups and cultural norms.
The document discusses the concept of a lingua franca, which is a language used for communication between groups that do not share a native language. It provides examples such as Arabic serving as a lingua franca in the Islamic world historically and English currently serving as a global lingua franca. When languages are used as lingua francas, they often undergo simplification, reduction, and interference from other languages, which can result in the development of a pidgin language over time if it becomes stabilized and acquires native speakers. Pidgins are then subject to creolization if they are learned as a first language by children and expand in structural complexity and social uses.
Dialect refers to variations in a language used by different speakers. A dialect has distinguishing characteristics in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation compared to other variations of the same language. For example, dialects of English include Aboriginal English spoken by Indigenous Australians, Standard English spoken as a first language in countries like Australia, and Australian English which is a regional dialect spoken in Australia.
Language death occurs when a language is no longer spoken by anyone. Languages do not naturally die out but are instead "killed" when their speakers abandon the language due to pressures to assimilate and adopt dominant languages that have greater social and economic opportunities. There are several types of language death including sudden, radical, gradual, and bottom-to-top death. Major causes of language death include globalization, urbanization, modern education, and the pressure of dominant languages that are given more prestige and power. Efforts can be made to revive languages through programs that promote acquisition by adults, create socially integrated speaker populations, develop literacy in the language, and encourage use of the language in various social domains over time.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture/society in 3 main points:
1) Language is intrinsically tied to culture and thinking - when we learn language, we learn the associated beliefs and perspectives of the culture.
2) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that language influences thought and culture, though it does not fully explain their formation. Other researchers see language and culture evolving together through diffusion and assimilation.
3) Cross-cultural communication requires recognizing linguistic differences between cultures while also finding common ground, like in trade, to facilitate understanding between groups.
Language plays a key role in forming and expressing identity. Identity is influenced by both conscious and unconscious processes and is shaped by how individuals see themselves and how society defines them. Language serves both communication and identity functions, with neither being fixed. Through language, groups distinguish members from non-members and develop variations that mark their identity. A person's identity formation occurs through discourse, with language choices being paramount to how they construct self and are identified by others.
This document provides an overview of race relations in New Zealand in 2010. It summarizes the key issues discussed at the annual New Zealand Diversity Forum, including progress made on Treaty settlements and indigenous rights, ongoing discrimination faced by Asian New Zealanders, concerns over high imprisonment rates of Māori, and ensuring representation of Māori, Pacific and ethnic groups in local government. The forum aimed to compare notes on diversity issues, identify practical steps forward in race relations, and outline priorities for the upcoming human rights action plan. While some progress has been made, issues around Māori unemployment, discrimination, and imprisonment rates remain ongoing areas of focus.
Presentation at the Language Education and Development Con ference, Auckland, New Zealand, November 2011, by Joris de Bres, Race Relations Commissioner
English has become a global language due to the historical political and economic power of its native speakers. A global language is characterized by its large number of native and non-native speakers, its geographical distribution, and its use in international organizations and diplomacy. English first spread globally through the British Empire between the 17th and 20th centuries, institutionalizing it in former colonies. American cultural dominance in the 20th century through music, film, technology and business has further consolidated English's position as the dominant global language today. English is now used internationally across many domains including academia, science, aviation, business and pop culture.
Languages are dying at an alarming rate, with approximately half of the world's 6,500 languages endangered or extinct. A language dies when no one speaks it anymore. As a language's domains of use shrink and its speakers become less proficient, the language gradually dies, as seen in the case of Annie and her Aboriginal language Dyirbal. When the current generation of speakers passes away, the language will likely become extinct if not revitalized. Gradual language loss and death occurs as communities shift to majority languages in more social contexts over time.
This document discusses language and social inequality. It begins by explaining how a speaker's linguistic choices reveal their social status and background, showing levels of linguistic and social inequality. It then discusses how linguists in the 20th century focused more on linguistic commonalities between languages rather than differences. Finally, it defines social inequality as disparities in access to social goods and services based on factors like class, race and gender. Specific forms of social inequality mentioned include those based on gender, race, caste and age. The relationship between language and social inequality is that some expressions and speakers are valued more highly than others in a way associated with social valuation.
Language varieties refer to different forms of a language influenced by social factors such as situation, occupation, age, geography, education, gender, social status, and ethnicity. There are several types of language varieties including dialects, registers, pidgins, and creoles. A dialect is a variety of a language used in a specific region or social class. Registers are varieties used in different situations based on formality. A pidgin is a simplified mixed language with reduced vocabulary and grammar used for communication between speakers of different languages, while a creole develops when a pidgin becomes the primary language of a group and acquires more complex grammar.
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideas that characterize a society. Language is the primary means of preserving and transmitting culture between generations. There is a close relationship between language and culture - they influence each other. Language reflects the physical and social environment of its culture through vocabulary related to areas like climate, occupations, and kinship terms. Different cultures categorize family relationships differently, and this is reflected in their language.
The document discusses several key sociolinguistic concepts including bilingualism, language change, language shift, code switching, language death and revival, standard languages, vernacular languages, national languages, official languages, pidgins, regional dialects, and social dialects. It defines each concept and provides details on types and factors that influence them. The document is a guide to understanding how language interacts with society.
This document discusses the topic of dialectology, which is the scientific study of linguistic dialects. It defines dialect as a specific form of a language that is peculiar to a certain region or social group. Dialectology studies variations in language based on geographic distribution and associated features. To distinguish between dialects of the same language, speakers must be able to understand each other. The document outlines levels of dialect analysis including geography, ethnicity, and social class. It also discusses the need to study dialects from both linguistic and social perspectives.
Chapter 4 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Disco...أحمد يوسف
- Multilingualism is common across the world, with speakers often using multiple languages in daily life depending on the context. This document discusses concepts like diglossia, where distinct "high" and "low" varieties of the same language are used under different conditions.
- Code-switching refers to switching between languages or language varieties within conversations. It can be obligatory, as in diglossia, or optional. Accommodation through convergence and divergence also influences code-switching.
- Multilingual identities are fluid and culturally constructed, as seen in examples of Dominican Americans in the US asserting their own identity through language use.
This document outlines the emergence and definitions of language rights, as well as approaches, principles, and functionality of language rights. It discusses language rights in various countries and regions, particularly focusing on Amazigh languages in North Africa. The document examines international conventions on linguistic rights in Morocco and Algeria, as well as the official language policies and status of languages in Morocco. It covers Amazigh movements' claims, integration of Amazigh in education and media, realizations and challenges, and concludes by noting the dominance of some languages over others despite language policies.
Social factors governing language variationZaraAnsari6
Social factors like class, ethnicity, gender, age, and education influence language variation. Labov's study found class affected pronunciation patterns, with upper classes using standard variants and lower classes using non-standard variants. Ethnic groups develop language varieties through substrates and adstrates. Gender influences language choice, with men using more direct and non-standard forms while women use more standard forms. Younger generations adopt new slang that differs from older generations. Education level also impacts language, with more educated speakers using standard dialects. These social dimensions are core to understanding sociolinguistic variation.
Meeting 11 social networks and communities of practiceSchool
1) Social networks are relationships between individuals connected through social and geographic spaces, while communities of practice are smaller groups of people with shared interests or goals.
2) Social networks are defined by the frequency and quality of interactions between members, whereas social class is determined by social attributes like education and occupation.
3) Communities of practice require mutual engagement between members, a jointly negotiated shared goal, and a shared repertoire of language, practices, and stories.
Rapid lose and endangerment of languages is occurring on a global scale. What are some of the causes of this? What consequences might it have, especially for speakers of minority languages? Discuss some of the steps proposed for diagnosing, halting and reversing language shift. Identify a language that is facing extinction or endangered. Discuss what can be done to revitalize it.
An introduction to forensic linguisticsReza Ramezani
The document discusses the field of forensic linguistics, providing definitions and examples. It defines forensic linguistics as the application of linguistic analysis to legal issues and problems. Some key areas that forensic linguistics can be applied to are discussed in more detail, including trademark infringement, product liability, speaker identification, and authorship analysis of written documents. Examples are given for each area to illustrate how linguistic analysis can be used, such as comparing trademark names, analyzing warning labels, comparing voices in recordings, and profiling authors based on linguistic patterns in written texts.
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. Key aspects studied include languages in contact, language variation, and language and gender. [1] Language varies based on social factors like gender, age, social class, and ethnicity. [2] Men and women tend to use language differently, with women generally using more questions, self-disclosure, and minimal responses while men tend toward verbal aggression and changing conversation topics. [3] The study of language variation according to social factors provides insights into membership in social groups and cultural norms.
The document discusses the concept of a lingua franca, which is a language used for communication between groups that do not share a native language. It provides examples such as Arabic serving as a lingua franca in the Islamic world historically and English currently serving as a global lingua franca. When languages are used as lingua francas, they often undergo simplification, reduction, and interference from other languages, which can result in the development of a pidgin language over time if it becomes stabilized and acquires native speakers. Pidgins are then subject to creolization if they are learned as a first language by children and expand in structural complexity and social uses.
Dialect refers to variations in a language used by different speakers. A dialect has distinguishing characteristics in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation compared to other variations of the same language. For example, dialects of English include Aboriginal English spoken by Indigenous Australians, Standard English spoken as a first language in countries like Australia, and Australian English which is a regional dialect spoken in Australia.
Language death occurs when a language is no longer spoken by anyone. Languages do not naturally die out but are instead "killed" when their speakers abandon the language due to pressures to assimilate and adopt dominant languages that have greater social and economic opportunities. There are several types of language death including sudden, radical, gradual, and bottom-to-top death. Major causes of language death include globalization, urbanization, modern education, and the pressure of dominant languages that are given more prestige and power. Efforts can be made to revive languages through programs that promote acquisition by adults, create socially integrated speaker populations, develop literacy in the language, and encourage use of the language in various social domains over time.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture/society in 3 main points:
1) Language is intrinsically tied to culture and thinking - when we learn language, we learn the associated beliefs and perspectives of the culture.
2) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that language influences thought and culture, though it does not fully explain their formation. Other researchers see language and culture evolving together through diffusion and assimilation.
3) Cross-cultural communication requires recognizing linguistic differences between cultures while also finding common ground, like in trade, to facilitate understanding between groups.
Language plays a key role in forming and expressing identity. Identity is influenced by both conscious and unconscious processes and is shaped by how individuals see themselves and how society defines them. Language serves both communication and identity functions, with neither being fixed. Through language, groups distinguish members from non-members and develop variations that mark their identity. A person's identity formation occurs through discourse, with language choices being paramount to how they construct self and are identified by others.
This document provides an overview of race relations in New Zealand in 2010. It summarizes the key issues discussed at the annual New Zealand Diversity Forum, including progress made on Treaty settlements and indigenous rights, ongoing discrimination faced by Asian New Zealanders, concerns over high imprisonment rates of Māori, and ensuring representation of Māori, Pacific and ethnic groups in local government. The forum aimed to compare notes on diversity issues, identify practical steps forward in race relations, and outline priorities for the upcoming human rights action plan. While some progress has been made, issues around Māori unemployment, discrimination, and imprisonment rates remain ongoing areas of focus.
Presentation at the Language Education and Development Con ference, Auckland, New Zealand, November 2011, by Joris de Bres, Race Relations Commissioner
Language, customs and cultural diversityM S Siddiqui
Celebrate the International Mother Language Day by conducting the events to promote the hearing of all the voices and to display the social cohesion, cultural awareness, and tolerance. Encourage others to learn about the history of their mother language and the benefits of using more than one language.
Power Point presentation on "The Indigenous People around the World" as part of International Day of the World's Indigenous People observed in College which bagged 1st Prize
This document discusses endangered languages and language revitalization efforts using technology. It provides an overview of various technologies being used to teach, document, and promote endangered languages around the world. Examples are given of smartphone apps, online dictionaries and lessons, digital storytelling software, and virtual worlds being used for languages in Europe, North America, Africa, Central/South America, Asia, the Arctic, the Middle East, the Pacific, and more. The document emphasizes that technology can help level the playing field and teach endangered languages to promote social justice and address colonial legacies.
There are several forms of indigenous language education programs in Canada. Core language programs teach an indigenous language for one class period per day, while immersion programs fully integrate the indigenous language into all classes. Language nests are preschool immersion programs conducted entirely in the indigenous language. Some schools, like the Akwesasne Freedom School, are fully immersed language schools that aim to incorporate indigenous language and culture into all aspects of education to reverse cultural assimilation and ensure language survival. Bilingual programs teach students to be fluent in both an indigenous language and English. Challenges to maintaining indigenous languages include a lack of community and financial support along with few remaining fluent speakers.
Rogers is working with Indigenous communities to help reclaim their culture, language and history. The company aims to serve Indigenous populations by creating a model at the national scale. Rogers' approach includes hiring Indigenous talent, connecting communities, and providing cultural safety training for staff. The goal is to fully implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Calls to Action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
The Hutt Multicultural Council was established in 1987 to promote and protect the interests of Lower Hutt's diverse ethnic communities. It organizes an annual Race Unity Day celebration and other programs and events promoting cultural understanding. Looking ahead, the Council aims to expand its events, engage more community members, and strengthen relationships with local iwi and government through education, empowerment, and partnership. Key challenges include limited funding, volunteer capacity, and ensuring all cultures feel represented in the Council's work.
This document discusses the importance of learning foreign languages and their cultures. It states that English has become the global lingua franca for communication between speakers of different languages. Learning another language gives one the ability to understand other cultures better and promotes tolerance. The document advocates teaching cultural aspects along with the language to avoid stereotypes and educate students. It also outlines objectives, competencies, contents, methodology and evaluation criteria for foreign language education with a focus on sociocultural knowledge and intercultural awareness.
Kono Language and culture project summary Feb 2016 draftSahr O Fasuluku
The Kono Language and Culture Project aims to preserve the Kono language and culture through language classes, developing teaching materials, and recording oral histories. The project provides biweekly language and culture classes taught by volunteers and works to expand language resources and advocate for the inclusion of Kono in Sierra Leone's education system. The project goals are to revive the Kono language among its people and diaspora communities through classes and activities to encourage social use of the language, and to document the language and culture before more knowledge is lost to younger generations.
This document summarizes the goals and activities of the 2011 Diversity Action Programme in New Zealand. It identifies 10 priorities for improving racial equality and relations: 1) protecting vulnerable children, 2) removing structural discrimination, 3) reducing unemployment disparities, 4) reducing imprisonment disparities, 5) improving Māori representation, 6) ensuring diversity in the new Auckland Council, 7) monitoring the Immigration Act's impact, 8) renewing efforts to support indigenous and community languages, 9) promoting discussion of NZ's report to CERD, and 10) agreeing on plans to implement priorities from a human rights review. Over 650 diversity projects involved 225 participating organizations across sectors to work towards these goals.
a presentation on the Language Policy.pptxStudyGuide4
The document outlines a language policy proposal for Blue Land that recognizes English, Urdu, and Sindhi as important languages. It commits to linguistic diversity and equitable language access. The 10-point policy addresses official languages, education, government and media communication, language preservation, inclusive practices, healthcare access, educational materials, stakeholder collaboration, and ongoing monitoring. The overall aim is to promote linguistic diversity, inclusivity, and effective communication.
This document discusses how strengthening Indigenous culture in Australia can help close the gap in disadvantages faced by Indigenous peoples. It argues that cultural identity is fundamental to Indigenous health and wellbeing. Initiatives that strengthen culture support outcomes across areas like early childhood, schooling, health, economic participation, and safe communities. While the impact of culture is difficult to fully measure, research suggests positive outcomes are associated with maintaining strong cultural practices, languages, and connections to land and community. Supporting Indigenous culture is seen as both an important part of closing the gap, as well as a strategy in itself for reducing disadvantages.
The document discusses deaf communities in developing countries and efforts to support them. It provides examples of projects run by development organizations in countries like Albania and Kosovo that aim to establish organizations run by deaf people, develop sign language resources and interpretation services, provide deaf education, and offer vocational training opportunities. Through these initiatives, deaf communities gain greater independence and ability to advocate for themselves.
This document summarizes a study on documenting and describing the fishing and brewing practices of the Zay people and their associated linguistic aspects. The study aims to preserve the endangered Zay language and culture. Interviews were conducted with 12 monolingual Zay speakers to document vocabulary related to fishing and brewing activities. Loanwords and cognates from other languages were identified. The findings show multilingualism has impacted the unique cultural knowledge of the Zay and their practices are diminishing. The study recommends further documentation and revitalization efforts to preserve the Zay language and culture.
1. The Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership thanks the committee for the opportunity to submit to the inquiry into language learning in Indigenous communities.
2. The submission outlines 9 principles that must be followed to successfully save Indigenous Australian languages: 1) Indigenous languages must be a national priority and spoken as living languages; 2) Indigenous languages must be officially recognized; 3) Indigenous children have a right to learn their ancestral languages from birth; 4) non-Indigenous Australians should learn Indigenous languages.
3. The submission calls for an urgent effort to fully document Indigenous languages before more knowledge is lost, for Indigenous languages to be used in all domains, and for the creation of language professionals focused on maintaining threatened languages.
This document discusses the environmental influences threatening the vitality of the Kanuri language. It focuses on three main criteria for determining linguistic vitality according to UNESCO: shifts in language domains of use, absolute number of speakers, and response to new domains and media. Regarding shifts in domains, the document explains how Kanuri speakers in Kano are shifting to speaking Hausa instead of Kanuri in most social contexts due to the dominance of Hausa. It also notes the lack of promotion of indigenous languages in Nigeria has reduced the number of Kanuri speakers. Finally, it discusses how the proliferation of Hausa films and media is influencing Kanuri speakers and culture.
Exercising Eco-Linguistic Approach in Teaching English: Proposed Conventions for TESOL/TEFL Pedagogy
Dr. Elena Shelestyuk, Chelyabinsk State University, Russia
The linguistic ecology approach to teaching a language entails the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity. To be legitimized as an international auxiliary language (IAL) for world communication, English should …
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Call for Papers/Ahwaz Conference
Academics and university lecturers are cordially invited to present their research in English, Arabic or Persian:
The Fourth Annual International Conference on Languages, Linguistics, Translation and Literature
Ahwaz, Iran
1-2 February 2020
For more information, please visit the conference website:
WWW.LLLD.IR
The document discusses indigenous education systems and issues with achieving Millennium Development Goal 2 of universal primary education. It notes that indigenous education systems developed over thousands of years and were tied to ancestral lands. Colonization has damaged these systems and connection to land. It recommends that the UN recognize the right to ancestral lands, declare indigenous peoples in a state of emergency, and support community-led mother-tongue education that preserves indigenous languages and culture.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
2. Summary
1. Right to language
2. NZHRC projects
National language policy network
Māori Language Week
Sign Language Week
Samoan Language Week
3. Conclusions
3.
4. Rights of minorities
“In those states in which
ethnic, religious or
linguistic minorities exist,
persons belonging to such
minorities shall not be
denied the right, in
community with the other
members of their group, to
enjoy their own culture, to
profess and practice their
own religion, or to use
their own language.” Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Article 27
5. Rights of Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples have
the right to revitalise, use,
develop and transmit to
future generations their
histories, languages, oral
traditions, philosophies,
writing systems and
literatures, and to
designate and retain their
own names for
communities, places and
persons. (Article 13)
6. Rights of Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples have
the right to establish and
control their educational
systems and institutions
providing education in
their own languages, in a
manner appropriate to
their cultural methods of
teaching and learning.
(Article 14)
7. Rights of Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples have
the right to the dignity
and diversity of their
cultures, traditions,
histories and aspirations
which shall be
appropriately reflected
in education and public
education (Article 15)
8. Rights of Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples have
the right to establish
their own media in their
own languages and to
have access to all forms
of non-indigenous media
without discrimination.
(Article 16).
9. AHRC: Social Justice Report, 2009
Australian governments
should act to preserve and
promote Indigenous
languages because:
Evidence shows improved
cognitive functioning in
children who are bilingual
Minority groups who speak
their languages and
practice their culture,
enjoy better social,
emotional and health
outcomes than groups who
do not
10. AHRC: Social Justice Report, 2009
Cultural knowledge has
been proven to assist in the
employment of Indigenous
people in Australia
There are economic and
social costs associated with
the loss of languages
Indigenous languages have
intrinsic value to the
people who speak them.
11. Waitangi Tribunal 2010
“Alongside land, the health
of te reo has been one of
the two great galvanising
issues in Māori protests
over Treaty rights during
the last three decades.
Propelled by a profound
depth of feeling and sense
of purpose, efforts to
safeguard the Māori
language gave great
impetus to the Māori
‘renaissance’ overall.”
WAI 262 pre-publication report
Te Reo Maori
October 2010
12. NZHRC: Language Policy Statement
Te reo Māori
New Zealand has a
particular responsibility
under the Treaty of
Waitangi and
international law to
protect and promote te
reo Māori as the
indigenous language of
New Zealand.
13. NZHRC: Language Policy Statement
Other indigenous languages
New Zealand also has a
special responsibility to
protect and promote
other languages that are
indigenous to the New
Zealand realm: Vagahau
Niue, Gagana Tokelau,
Cook Island Māori, and
New Zealand Sign
Language.
14. NZHRC: Language Policy Statement
Other Pacific languages
New Zealand has a
regional responsibility as
a Pacific nation to
promote and protect
other Pacific languages,
particularly where
significant proportions
of their communities live
in New Zealand.
15. CERD Committee 2010
The Committee encourages the State party to allocate
adequate resources for the new national approach to
preserve Indigenous languages. It recommends that
the State party, in consultation with Indigenous
communities, hold a national inquiry into the issue of
bilingual education for Indigenous peoples.
16. CERD Committee 2010
The Committee also recommends that the State party
adopt all necessary measures to preserve native
languages and develop and carry out programmes to
revitalize indigenous languages and bilingual and
intercultural education for Indigenous peoples
respecting cultural identity and history.
17. CERD Committee 2010
In line with the UNESCO Convention against
Discrimination in Education, to which Australia is a
party, the Committee encourages the State party to
consider providing adequate opportunities for national
minorities to the use and teaching of their own
language.
18.
19. Language policy network
National statement on
language policy
Annual language policy
forum
Monthly language policy
newsletter
Promotion of language
projects through the
Diversity Action
Programme
20. Māori Language Week
Partnership between
Human Rights
Commission, Ministry of
Māori Development and
Māori Language
Commission
Focused on gaining
support and recognition
for the language by all
New Zealanders and its
use in the public domain
23. Sign Language Week
Based on Māori
Language Week model
Coordinated by Deaf
Aotearoa
Supported by Human
Rights Commission and
NZ Diversity Action
Programme
24. Samoan Language Week
Modelled on Māori
Language Week
Partnership between
Samoan Teachers
Association, UNESCO
and NZ Human Rights
Commission & others
Trans-Tasman project
with AHRC, NRL, AFL
25. Samoan Language Week
Phrase book
Media
Churches
Schools
Libraries
Sports
Parliament
Facebook, Youtube
Language champions
26. Facebook
Total fans: 3844
New Zealand: 2000
Australia: 800
United States: 600
Sydney: 270
Brisbane: 171
Melbourne: 140
36. Promotion of language as a human
right
Resonates with
indigenous and minority
communities
Affirms their cultural
identity
Changes public
attitudes
Builds relationships with
communities
Supports better social
and economic outcomes
37. Promotion of language as a human
right
Incumbent on Australian
and New Zealand human
rights commissions to
promote languages and
cultures indigenous to
Australia, New Zealand
and the Pacific
Provides opportunities
for trans-Tasman and
Pacific cooperation
38. Demographics
Māori
NZ 624,000
Aus 126,000
Other 15,000
Total 765,000
Samoan
Samoa 220,000
US 215,000
NZ 131,000
Aus 40,000
Total 606,000
39. Language and racism
Attitudes towards indigenous and minority languages
often derive from racist attitudes to indigenous and
minority peoples.
Changing attitudes towards the use of indigenous
and minority languages has a positive impact on
attitudes to indigenous and minority peoples,
improves race relations and supports social inclusion.