This document discusses research on language and gender around the world. It covers topics like gender differences in language genres, multilingualism, politeness, and English as a second language contexts. Specific studies look at gender and language use among native American communities, immigrants in the US, and classroom dynamics. The conclusion notes that early gender studies sometimes overgeneralized differences between men and women, and that each group is complex and should be examined independently in different social contexts.

1. Language and Gender
A. Najib Tuanany

2. Outline
Language and Gender
Around The World01Language
And Gender Gender and Genre
Gender and Multingualism
Gender and Politeness
Gender and ESL Context
Gender Diversity Across
Cultures in US02
Language and Gender in the
Classroom03

3. Language and Gender
Around The World

4. Gender and Genre
Men and Women have their own distinct
social spheres
 Schieffelin (SLT p. 260) points out that
in everyday conversation there are no
marked male or female registers

5. Gender and
Multilingualism
01
02
On the use of Hungarian and
German in Austria focuses on the
effects of urbanization and
industrialization on the speech
patterns of women and men
Gal’s work (Cambridge
University press, 2009))
Investigates gender differences
in the use of a former colonial
language and an indigenous
language in Mexican
Hill (Cambridge University
press, 2009)

6. Gender and
Politeness

7. Goldstein’s study of Portuguese
Speaker’s Women in Canada (P.265)
“around the need to learn English to
carry out work tasks and assume greater
responsibility at work”.
Understanding speakers
‘language and social
background is important.
Gender and
ESL

8. Gender Diversity Across
Cultures in US

9. Research About Amount of Languages that Women Speak in United States
There are at least 206
distinct languages
spoken by Native
Americans – which
suggests the enormity
of the task to be
undertaken.
Medicine (SLT, P.266))
She notes that
American Indian
women perform
three distinctive
social roles with
respect to language
in their communities

10. Difficulties of American Indian Women in
Using Languages in Their Society
They must make decisions about whether to bring up
their children as bilingual or monolingual (in English
or the native language) and are often held responsible
for the lack of knowledge of a native language by the
younger members of the community
They also often serve as mediators
between their own communities and white
society, as represented by Bureau of Indian
Affairs bureaucrats, county welfare
workers, police officers, judges, and so on

11. Americans Immigrants, Culture and
Language That They Use in Society
Zentella
(Cambridge
University
Press, 2009)
Children Used three criteria in
how they decided what to speak
and to whom, they are:
Lower working-class Puerto
Rican speakers (and all lower
working-class) are faced with
a number of identity conflicts
triggered by the colonial
status of Puerto Rico, racism,
and feelings of linguistic
inferiority
As with Native Americans,
the language of many of
these different groups
remains unstudied, let alone
the social variations within
these communities along the
lines of gender, age, class,
and so on
Girls have more exposure to and
opportunities to use Spanish than
boys because their greater restriction
to the house with mother
Girls use different amounts of English
and Spanish at different life stages
 Female speakers are more likely to believe in
the importance of speaking Spanish is
marking and maintaining Puerto Rican identity
and the Puerto Rican nation, although this in
no way precludes their appreciation of the
importance of bilingualism and their significant
community advocacy for bilingual education

12. Americans Immigrants, Culture and
Language That They Use in Society (Cont.)
Gonzales Velasquez (SLT, p. 267)) summarizes
studies demonstrating that in northern New
Mexico communities, women are using English
more than vernacular spanish, and men are
using vernacular Spanish more than English
In describing the discorse of African-American
women, Morgan (SLT, p. 268) emphasizes the
importance of understanding the communication
styles of women because of their responsibility for
language socialization in children, thus langauge
maintenance in the community

13. Language and
Gender in US
Although, as was noted earlier, many
early studies of language and gender in
the United states focused on white
speakers, the inattentiveness to the
ways in which gender was articulated
with ethnically mixed, communities to
look at the construction of class, race,
sexuality, and age alongside gender

14. Language and Gender in the Classroom

15. Gender-based inequities can be chalenged
through careful selection of materials and syllabi
Schools
themselves are not
immune to gender
differention,,
Studies show a number
of biased practices in
Mainstream English-
speaking classroom
(Swan, SLT, p.273)
• While there are quiet pupils of both sexes, the
more outspoken pupils tend to be boys.
• Boys also tend to 'stand out' more than girls
• Boys tend to be generally more assertive than
girls.
• Girls and boys tend to sit separately; in group
work, pupils usually elect to
work in single-sex rather than mixed-sex groups.
• Boys are often openly disparaging towards girls.
• In practical subjects, such as science, boys hog
the resources.
• In practical subjects, girls 'fetch and carry' for
boys, doing much of the
cleaning up, and collecting books and so on.

16. those findings need to be
interpreted with some caution.
The differences
between sexes
are always
average ones
boys and girls
behave differently
in different
contexts.
In other words, these are
tendencies, not absolutes, that
have been documented in
mainstream English-speaking
classes
for the variation in how girls
and boys use language to
be understood, research
needs to begin not with boys
and girls as fixed categories
that behave or are treated
the same in all contexts

17. Conclusio
 Some weaknesses in gender
studies, lead to
overgeneralizations about men
and women, boys and girls.
 Rather than comparing men with
women each group should be
studies separately in their own
right

18. Thank You