1. The document discusses different types of landscapes including mountains, plateaus, and plains which are classified based on factors like elevation, slope, rock type, and drainage patterns. 2. Landscape development results from the interplay between uplifting forces like plate tectonics and leveling forces like erosion and glaciation. 3. Climate also influences landscape features by impacting the type and rate of weathering and erosion processes. Human activities can significantly alter landscapes over short time scales.

1. Landscape Development

2. LANDSCAPE REFERS TO THE GENERAL SHAPE OF A REGION

3. THE SHAPE OF A LANDSCAPE IS ALSO KNOWN AS IT’S TOPOGRAPHY

4. We describe landscape regions in terms of the: Heights of hills Shapes of hills Stream patterns Soil type (rock composition)

5. Landscape regions can be classified as one of the following: MOUNTAIN PLATEAU PLAIN

6. MOUNTAIN

7. folds tilts faults MOUNTAIN

13. 1. HIGH PEAKS AND DEEP VALLEYS 2. IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK 3. STEEP STREAM GRADIENTS 4. STEEP SLOPES 5. FOLDED, FAULTS, TILTED ROCK LAYERS MOUNTAIN

14. PLATEAU

15. PLATEAU

24. 1. FLAT OR ROLLING HILLS 2. DEEP CUT STREAM VALLEYS 3. HORIZONTAL LAYERS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK 4. LOW ELEVATIONS ARE FLAT PLATEAU

25. PLAIN

28. 1. MOSTLY FLAT- FEW HILLS 2. HORIZONTAL SEDIMENTARY LAYERS 3. MEANDERING STREAMS PLAIN

29. Topography Depends on Several Factors : Climate Moisture,temperature,latitude Composition of rocks Mountains,Valleys roads,cities, dams,agriculture Mining Local bedrock Geologic structures: Human Activities

30. INTERFACES * THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN REGIONS ARE DISTINCT

31. Landscapes of New York State: New York State can be divided into several distinct landscape areas See pages 2 and 3 in your ESRT!!!

32. New Jersey Connecticut Massachusetts Vermont Canada Pennsylvania Lake Ontario Lake Erie Atlantic Ocean L.I. Sound ERIE-ONTARIO LOWLANDS (plains) Allegheny Plateau Adirondack Mountains Tug Hill Plateau NEW ENGLAND PROVINCE HIGHLANDS TACONIC MOUNTAINS MANHATTAN PRONG NEWARK LOWLANDS ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN ST.LAWRENCE LOWLANDS CHAMPLAIN LOWLANDS INTERIOR LOWLANDS GRENVILLE PROVINCE (HIGHLANDS) THE CATSKILLS Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands HUDSON HIGHLANDS APPALACHIAN PLATEAU (UPLANDS) N

35. Most of New York State soils are not residual, they are TRANSPORTED BY GLACIERS

36. LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT: A LANDSCAPE RESULTS FROM THE OPPOSING FORCES OF UPLIFT AND EROSION (LEVELING)

37. UPLIFT IS OFTEN CAUSED BY: PLATE TECTONICS

38. THE RESULTING GEOLOGIC EVENTS INCLUDE: EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES FAULTING & FOLDING which create…

39. MOUNTIANS

40. THE MOST IMPORTANT LEVELING AGENT TODAY IS EROSION BY RUNNING WATER

41. Notice how the rock types weather differently Which rock is least resistant? shale Differences in rock resistance creates varied and interesting landscapes.

42. Folding is part of the mountain building process

43. OTHER LEVELING AGENTS INCLUDE: WIND & GLACIERS driven by the force of GRAVITY

44. IF UPLIFTING FORCES HAVE BEEN DOMINANT THE LANDSCAPE WILL BE MOUNTAINOUS

45. IF LEVELING FORCES (EROSION) HAS BEEN DOMINANT THE LANDSCAPE WILL BE: PLAINS (FLAT) PLATEAU

46. IF UPLIFTING AND LEVELING FORCES ARE IN BALANCE, THE LANDSCAPE IS IN: DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

47. THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON LANDSCAPE: gentle Fertile Thick A layer Chemical due to Increased amount Of moisture steep rocky Physical due to abrasion Type of Weathering Soil Slope Arrid (dry) Humid (moist)

48. SOIL HORIZONS (LAYERS) A (TOP SOIL) rich in organic material B little organic material rich in minerals leeched from horizon A C partly weathered broken up bedrock sits on top of solid bedrock

49. Complete the landscape Activity worksheet

50. A CHANGE IN CLIMATE CAN ALSO CREATE AN ICE AGE

51. WHICH LEADS TO GLACIERS AND GLACIAL LANDSCAPES

52. drumlins outwash plain

53. GLACIERS DEPOSIT _______________ SEDIMENTS. UNSORTED

54. BEDROCK ACTED UPON BY GLACIERS IS GENERALLY POLISHED AND SCRATCHED (STRIATED) By sediment in the ice

55. Glacial valleys are generally U- SHAPED

56. escarpment U-shaped valley

57. WHILE RIVER VALLEYS ARE: V- SHAPED

58. COASTAL LANDSCAPES: ARE PRIMARILY AFFECTED BY THE ACTION OF WAVES AND OCEAN CURRENTS

61. THE BEDROCK OF IN AN AREA WILL CAUSE STREAMS TO DRAIN IN A PATTERN

62. THAT CAN BE SEEN FROM OVER-HEAD. THESE ARE CALLED DRAINAGE PATTERNS

63. Mississippi River Delta

65. Match the geologic structures below To the drainage patterns they would create.

66. THIS OCCURS WHEN: Rock resistance is all similar

67. THIS OCCURS WHEN: WATER FLOWS IN THE PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE Rock resistances are different

68. WATER FLOWS DOWN HILL FOLLOWING THE PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE

69. FOLLOWING THE PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE

70. STAGES IN LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT: THE MATURITY OF A LANDSCAPE DEPENDS UPON THE PORTION OF THE LAND THAT HAS BEEN WORN DOWN TO OR NEAR BASE LEVEL (NOT SEA LEVEL)

71. THE 3 STAGES OF LANDSCAPE MATURITY :

72. 1.MUCH OF THE LAND AT HIGH ELEVATIONS 2. STEEP HILL SLOPES 3. FAST STREAMS 4. DEEP V-SHAPED VALLEYS YOUNG

73. 1. ROUNDED HILL SLOPES (IF MOIST CLIMATE) 2. STREAM VALLEYS ARE BROAD 3. STREAMS BEGIN TO MEANDER MATURE

74. 1. MOSTLY ERODED TO BASE LEVEL 2. STREAMS HAVE LOW SLOPE (GRADIENT) 3. STREAMS MOVE SLOW & MEANDER 4. FERTILE AND THICK SOIL HORIZON A OLD

75. CAN CAUSE OLD LANDSCAPES TO BE REJUVINATED BACK TO YOUNG AGAIN UPLIFT

76. THE INFLUENCE OF HUMANS: THROUGH THE USE OF HUMANS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO ALTER THE SHAPE OF THE LAND TECHNOLOGY

77. WE CAN MAKE CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE IN A FEW MONTHS THAT WOULD TAKE NATURE HUNDREDS OF YEARS TO ACHIEVE

78. It could also take hundreds of years to remedy the effects of technology . negative

81. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND CONSERVATION CAN HELP TO PRESERVE OUR SOIL, WATER, AND AIR