This document discusses Local Area Networks (LANs) and their components. It begins by defining a LAN as a network that connects nodes like computers over a limited distance using cables. LANs transmit data at high speeds up to 1000 Mbps. The document then discusses LAN topologies like tree, bus, ring and star. It outlines advantages like resource sharing and disadvantages like privacy threats. The second section describes LAN components including communication media, Network Interface Cards, hubs, switches, routers, gateways and bridges. It provides details on each component's purpose and functioning within a LAN. The document concludes by thanking the reader.

1. L A N ( L o c a l A r e a N e t w o r k )
&
C O M P O N E N T S
Sunawar Khan
MS(CS)
International Islamic University
Islamabad
November 30, 2016

2. LAN
Local Area Network
Section 1
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

3. INTRODUCTION
• Covers Small Area
• Most Commonly Type of Network
• Nodes are Connected using Cables
• Covers Limited Area
–Office
–Leboratory
–Building or Group of Building etc
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

4. INTRODUCTION
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan
• Very Fast Data Rate
• Transmission Speed 10Mbps to
1000Mbps
• Transmit Data in Limited Distance
• Limited Number of Computer can
Attatched

5. Topologies
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan
• Tree
• Bus
– Special case of tree
• One trunk, no branches
• Ring
• Star

6. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages
– Resource Sharing
– Application Sharing
– Centralized Data
– Data Security & Management
– Internet Sharing
• Disadvantages
– Privacy Threat
– Expensive to Install
– Data Security Concerns
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

7. Components
LAN
Section 2
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

8. Components
• Communication Media
• Network Interface Card(NIC)
• Hub & Switch
– Active Hub
– Passive Hub
• Router
• Gateway
• Bridges
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

9. • LANs use Twisted Pair Cable
• Many LANs use Coaxial Cable or Fiber Optic Cable
– These are expensive but Faster Than Twisted Pair Cable
• Some LANs Use Wireless Transmission Media
– Easy to Setup
– Easy to Configure
– Slower Than Cable networks
Communication Media
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

10. NIC(Network Interface Card)
• Each Computer required Ethernet Card or NIC
• Enable Computer to Connect Each Other
• NIC is Circuit Board
• Install in Expansion Slot
• NIC has Socket Where Network Cable
Connected
• Most Popular Card is Ethernet Card or LAN
Card.
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

11. HUB
• Central Communication Point
• Multiple Ports To Connect Computers
• Hub is also called Concenter OR Multistation
Access Unit(MAU).
• HUB doesn’t Manage Network Traffic
• Broadcast all data Packet or Message to Every
Node.
• Only Intended Recipient accept Message.
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

12. Types of HUB
• Active HUB
– Perform Amplification like Repeter
• Passive HUB
– Doesn’t Amplify the Electrical Signals
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

13. SWITCH
• More intelligent than HUB
• Switch Makes a Virtual Path between Sender
and Receiver
• Two types of Switches
– Managable
• Have its own NOS
– Unmanagable
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

14. ROUTER
• Connect Two or More Similar or Dissimilar
Networks.
• It Stores Addressing information/Routing
Information.
• When Router receives a packet of Data.
• It looks address of Destination Computer
• Router use Most Efficient/Shortest Path to
send Packets
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

15. GATEWAY
• Connect Two or More different Types of
Networks.
• Translate data from one Format to another
Format.
• Source and Destination is from Different
Networks can Send Packets to Each Other
using Gateway
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

16. BRIDGES
• It is use to Connect two Similar network
Segments.
• If sender and receiver from same segment it
doesn’t pass the message to Bridge.
• If sender and receiver from different segment
it pass the message to Bridge and send to
destination computer.
• It reduce the network traffic. So, performance
of network traffic increased.
Local Area Network
Sunawar Khan

17. THANKS
My Dreams are My Own Dreams
S.K. Ahsan