Label encoding algorithm for MPLS Segment Routing - Nca2016
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The document proposes algorithms to more efficiently encode Segment Routing paths in MPLS networks to address the limitation of maximum stack depth (MSD). It introduces the problem that strictly encoding paths as a label stack can result in some paths being unusable if they exceed the MSD. It then presents the Segment Routing Paths Label Encoding Algorithm (SR-LEA) which can encode paths using fewer labels by mapping multiple hops to a single label when possible. Simulation results show SR-LEA increases the percentage of usable paths. The document concludes the algorithms help mitigate the impact of the MSD limitation and enable wider deployment of Segment Routing.
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Respond 3 of your colleagues postings in one or more of the fol.docx
Respond 3 of your colleagues' postings in one or more of the following ways:
· Ask a probing question.
· Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
· Offer and support an opinion.
· Validate an idea with your own experience.
· Make a suggestion.
· Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Student #1
Routing protocols can be the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), which is for you internal networks and the exterior routing protocol is Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP). This protocol maintains the routing information for networks (external) to your network. It only knows how to deliver data outside your network. EGP does not know how to deliver data within your network. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the only EGP in use today. BGP is the routing protocol for the Internet.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is starting to become the popular interior routing protocol (Tiso, 2011). If designing a new network, I would recommend OSPF or EIGRP because of the popularity, flexibility, and fast convergence. Reason I say OSPF is because there is not limitation on the hop count like there is with RIP (15). OSPF uses IP multicast to send link-state updates ("Cisco," 2014). Updates sent when routing changes occur instead of periodically. Better convergence since routing changes is instantaneously and not periodically.
My experience with OSPF occurred back in 2003 when a team I was working with was task to put in a new video teleconference network for an intelligence agency that consisted of over 250 rooms moving from H.320 to H.323. The network would consist of CONUS and OCONUS. Fourteen years later, equipment has been upgraded routers, switches, endpoints, etc. but the same routing protocol still used.
References
Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Routing Dynamically. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210&seqNum=7
Tiso, J. (2011). Designing Cisco Network Service Architectures (ARCH): Developing an Optimum Design for Layer 3 (CCDP). Retrieved from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1763921&seqNum=6
Student #2
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is Cisco's proprietary routing protocol, based on IGRP. EIGRP is a distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize routing instability incurred after topology changes, and the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router. Routers that support EIGRP will automatically redistribute route information to IGRP neighbours by converting the 32-bit EIGRP metric to the 24-bit IGRP metric. Most of the routing optimizations are based on the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), which guarantees loop-free operation and provides fast router convergence.
Origin: Based only on Cisco’s implementation, not an Internet RFC
Type of protocol: Hybrid distance vector
Metric: Delay, bandwidth, reliability, and load, using the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Methodology: Sends hello packets every ...
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LISP_in_Secure_Networks_WP
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This document discusses several topics related to IPv6 and low power and lossy networks (LLNs):
1. It outlines the agenda for discussing IPv6 neighbor discovery for point-to-point and transit links, wireless neighbor discovery, RPL routing, and RPL extensions.
2. It notes that LLNs comprise billions of constrained devices interconnected by wireless links, and several standards groups are working on protocols for these networks, including 6LoWPAN, ROLL, and 6TiSCH at the IETF.
3. It argues that IPv6 is necessary for the Internet of Things given the tens of billions of additional smart objects that will be connected, and that the RIPE NCC has now
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CCNA project-report
The document is a training report submitted by Sagar Shashank summarizing his CCNA training completed at CETPA INFOTECH PVT. LTD. from June 20 to July 31, 2018. It includes an introduction to networking concepts and protocols like IP, ICMP, routing protocols, switching technologies and OSI model. The report contains detailed explanations of topics covered during the training along with declarations and acknowledgements.
Paper id 25201418
This document discusses the Teredo protocol, which enables IPv6 connectivity for nodes located behind IPv4 NAT devices. It explains how Teredo works by tunneling IPv6 packets over UDP through NATs. While Teredo allows IPv6 connectivity, it also raises security concerns by bypassing security controls and allowing unsolicited traffic. The document analyzes attacks that could exploit vulnerabilities in Teredo tunnels, such as a denial of service attack against a Teredo server using a single packet. It investigates whether Teredo represents a security risk or is a worthwhile transition mechanism from IPv4 to IPv6.
i pv6
The document discusses IPv6, the next generation Internet Protocol. It introduces IPv6 and describes some key differences from IPv4, including a much larger 128-bit address space compared to 32-bits in IPv4. It also describes some advantages IPv6 has over IPv4 such as built-in support for multicasting and stateless address autoconfiguration. The document outlines various mechanisms for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6, including dual stack implementations, tunneling protocols, and translation technologies.
M017147275
This document compares the performance of IPv4, IPv6, and tunneling (6to4) networks using computer simulations in OPNET 17.5. The simulation analyzed delay, throughput, and packet loss over 1 hour. The results showed that IPv6 had higher delay than IPv4 due to its larger header, while tunneling had the highest delay. Throughput was highest for IPv6 and lowest for IPv4. Packet loss was lowest for IPv4 and highest for IPv6. In conclusion, the network performance varied between the different addressing schemes and tunneling technique.
Performance Evaluation of IPv4 Vs Ipv6 and Tunnelling Techniques Using Optimi...
This document compares the performance of IPv4, IPv6, and tunneling (6to4) networks using computer simulations in OPNET 17.5. The simulation analyzed delay, throughput, and packet loss over 1 hour. The results showed that IPv6 had higher delay than IPv4 due to its larger header, while tunneling had the highest delay. Throughput was highest for IPv6 and lowest for IPv4. Packet loss was lowest for IPv4 and highest for IPv6. In conclusion, the network performance varied between the different addressing schemes and tunneling in terms of delay, throughput, and packet loss.
P4 to OpenDataPlane Compiler - BUD17-304
Session ID: BUD17-304
Session Name: P4 to OpenDataPlane Compiler - BUD17-304
Speaker: Zoltan Kiss, Gergely Pongracz
Track: LNG
★ Session Summary ★
Discuss IPsec offload from:
Application perspective
Application developer perspective
Implementation perspective
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Event Page: http://connect.linaro.org/resource/bud17/bud17-304/
Presentation: https://www.slideshare.net/linaroorg/p4-to-opendataplane-compiler-bud17304
Video: https://youtu.be/Ft3mL4ABelw
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect Budapest 2017 (BUD17)
6-10 March 2017
Corinthia Hotel, Budapest,
Erzsébet krt. 43-49,
1073 Hungary
---------------------------------------------------
Keyword: ODP, LNG, IPsec
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
---------------------------------------------------
Follow us on Social Media
https://www.facebook.com/LinaroOrg
https://twitter.com/linaroorg
https://www.youtube.com/user/linaroorg?sub_confirmation=1
https://www.linkedin.com/company/1026961
Segment Routing
This document provides an introduction to segment routing. It discusses:
- The objective of segment routing is to enable source routing without requiring state in intermediate nodes.
- Segment routing allows encoding paths as sequences of topological sub-paths called segments. Segments can represent nodes, links, or services.
- The IETF SPRING working group is standardizing segment routing to address issues with scalability of traffic engineering and fast reroute with protocols like RSVP-TE and LDP. Segment routing aims to provide these capabilities without per-flow state.
Similar to Label encoding algorithm for MPLS Segment Routing - Nca2016 (20)
Analysis of RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF Routing Protocols in a Network
Analysis of RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF Routing Protocols in a Network
Single-packet hybrid IP traceback for IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
Single-packet hybrid IP traceback for IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
Respond 3 of your colleagues postings in one or more of the fol.docx
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PLNOG 17 - Nicolai van der Smagt - Building and connecting the eBay Classifie...
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Implementation of intelligent wide area network(wan)- report
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Performance Evaluation of IPv4 Vs Ipv6 and Tunnelling Techniques Using Optimi...
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- 1. Label Encoding Algorithm for MPLS Segment Routing Rabah Guedrez*, Orange Laps Olivier Dugeon , Orange Labs Samer Lahoud, IRISA/Rennes 1 University Géraldine Texier, IRISA/Telecom Bretagne The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA 2016)
- 2. 2 Orange Group restricted 1 Agenda Problem to solve Encoding Algorithms Conclusion Segment Routing ? 2 3 4
- 3. interne Orange3 What is Segment Routing ? It is not a NEW PROTOCOL It is a new architecture that leverages the source routing paradigm Can be implemented over two data planes (MPLS & IPv6) Standardized by the IETF SPRING Working Group Segment Routing Choose your data plane IPv6 MPLS SR-IPv6 SR-MPLS
- 4. interne Orange4 A segment can represent a node, link ,etc SIDs are interpreted by the forwarding plane as: Node-SID: “forward the packet using the IGP shortest path” Adj-SID: “forward the packet using a specific interface”. :100 :8000 What is Segment Routing ? SR-MPLS SID is a 20 bit label SR Paths are encoded as a stack of labels
- 5. interne Orange5 SR Strict Path Encoding (No stack optimization)
- 6. interne Orange6 Problem : Maximum Stack Depth (MSD) Limitation It is a physical limitation on the routers The maximum number of labels a router can push onto the header of packet Results: paths expressed with a label stack > MSD are unusable => a sub-optimal network utilization Percentage of useable paths
- 7. interne Orange7 SR Paths Label Encoding Algorithm (SR-LEA)
- 8. interne Orange8 SR Paths Label Encoding Algorithm (SR-LEA) 5037
- 9. interne Orange9 SR-LEA with Global Adj-SIDs
- 12. Conclusion The MSD limitation slows the deployment of Segment Routing The proposed algorithms are proven to slacken the impact of the MSD limitation Implementation Quagga-SR an open source SR-MPLS implementation with Global Adj-SID ELENAOR an SDN base implementation of the proposed algorithms
- 13. Thank You