The document discusses different methods of parenteral medication administration including injections and infusions. It defines parenteral administration as injection or infusion through a needle or catheter. It then describes various types of injections - intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous - and provides details on needle size and length, injection sites, volumes and angles. For each type, it lists the key steps to follow for proper administration technique.

1. Seventh Lab. :
Parenteral Medication
Administration
Halabja Technical
Institute
Nursing Department
First Stage
Fundamental of Nursing
Snur J. Ahmad

2. Definition
Definition
Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of
a needle or catheter inserted into the body .

3. Injection
Injection
It is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body,
usually with a syringe for the material to be administered
into the body.
Syringe is a device made of a hollow tube and a needle
that is used to force fluids into or take fluids out of the
body.

4.  The length of a needle is measured in inches from the juncture
of the hub and the shaft to the tip of the point.
 The gauge of a needle, used to designate the size of the lumen,
ranges from 27 (the finest) to 13 (the largest).
 When looking at a needle package, the first number is the gauge
or diameter of the needle and the second number is the length.
 As the gauge number becomes larger, the size of the needle
becomes smaller.

5. Ampules
Ampules Vials
Vials

6. Intradermal Injection
Intradermal Injection
It is an injection given into the dermal layer of the skin for some
purposes :
– Local Anesthesia
– Diagnostic Tests
– Immunizations (BCG vaccine)
 Needle used is a short (3/8 inch) length, gauge (25-27G).
Small volumes, usually 0.01 to 0.05ml, are injected because of
the small tissue space.
Syringe is positioned at 10˚-15˚ angle.
Create small bubble like.

7. Sites Of Intradermal Injections
Sites Of Intradermal Injections

8. Check the 5 Right then :
1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.
2.Explain procedure to patient.
3.Locate the site of injection, and Cleanse the skin with a spirit
swab, allow the area to dry.
4.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 10˚-15˚ angle from
skin with bevel up and Inject the solution.
5.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used
for injection.
6.Wipe with dry cotton ball but do not press or massage the
injection site.
7.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.
8.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.
Procedure
Procedure

9. Subcutaneous Injections
Subcutaneous Injections
It is injecting of drug under the skin in the subcutaneous
tissue for some purposes :
− Commonly For Insulin Injections
− Heparin Injections
− Many Vaccines (MMR)
Needle used is (3/8 to 1 inch) length, gauge (24-27g)
(But Insulin needle=28-30g.)
No more than 1.5 mL should be injected to avoid
pressure on sensory nerves causing pain and discomfort.
Inject the needle at an angle of 45˚ or 90˚, depending on
the amount and thickness of the tissue and the length of the
needle.

10. Sites Of Subcutaneous Injections
Sites Of Subcutaneous Injections

11. Check the 5 Right then :
1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.
2.Explain procedure to patient.
3.Locate the site of injection, and Cleanse the skin with a spirit swab,
allow the area to dry.
4.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 45˚angle, then Inject the
needle .
5.Draw back the plunger to check you are or aren't in the blood
vessel (Blood return should not be seen) then inject the solution.
6.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used for
injection and massage the area with alcohol swab .
7.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.
8.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.
Procedure
Procedure

12. Intramuscular Injection
Intramuscular Injection
It is injecting of drug into a body's system via the muscles .
Used to administer :
– Some antibiotics
– Vitamins or iron
– Some Vaccines (DTP)
Needle used is (1-1.5 inch)length, gauge(19-22G).
Volume usually 2-5 ml are injected.
Inject the needle at an angle of 90˚ .

13. Sites Of
Sites Of Intramuscular Injection
Intramuscular Injection

14. Check the 5 Right then :
1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.
2.Explain procedure to patient.
3.Locate the site of injection, and Cleanse the skin with a spirit
swab, allow the area to dry.
4.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 90˚ angle then Inject
the needle .
5.Draw back the plunger to check you are or aren't in the blood
vessel (Blood return should not be seen) then inject the solution.
6.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used
for injection and massage the area with alcohol swab.
7.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.
8.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.
Procedure
Procedure

15. Intravenous Injections & Infusions
Intravenous Injections & Infusions
Intravenous Injections is the injection of a drug into a vein.
– often used in the emergency department
– for fluid and electrolyte replacement
Needle used is (1-1.5 inch)length, gauge(16-20 G).
Volume usually < 4ml are injected.
Inject the needle at an angle of 15˚-20˚ .

16. Sites Of Intravenous Injections
Sites Of Intravenous Injections

18. Check the 5 Right then :
1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.
2.Explain procedure to patient. Expose the arm and apply tourniquet
3.Ask pt. To open and close his fist.
4.Palpate the vein and clean with alcohol swab the site of the injection
5.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 15˚-20˚ angle.
6.Puncture the vein and draw back (Blood return should be seen(.
7.Once you know that you are in the vein, release the tourniquet and
gently lower the angle of the needle then inject the solution very slowly.
8.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used for
injection and apply pressure over the area to prevent bleeding..
9.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.
10.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.
Procedure
Procedure

19. Any Question?
Any Question?

20. Thank You …
Thank You …

21. Write the Normal Range of following :
Write the Normal Range of following :
1.
1.Pulse Rate
Pulse Rate
2.
2.Blood pressure
Blood pressure