This document provides equations and design procedures for sizing continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR) based on conversion data. It reviews how to determine the required volume of each reactor type to achieve a specified conversion based on how the reaction rate depends on conversion. Numerical integration methods like Simpson's rule are presented for evaluating the necessary integrals to size PFRs and PBRs. Examples are also provided on calculating reactor volumes for a reaction occurring in series configurations of CSTRs and PFRs.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
An overview of Chapter 5 of Scott Fogler's Book: Reactor Engineering
This Chapter is broken down into two sections.
Section 1 - Batch Reactor Data
Excess Method
Differential Method
- Graphical Method
- Numerical Method
- Polynomial Fit
Integral Method
Half Live Method
Initial Rates of Reaction Method
Section 2 - Differential Reactor Data.
Application to PBR
After you finish this chapter, you should be able to fit:
zero, first and second order differential equations
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
An overview of Chapter 5 of Scott Fogler's Book: Reactor Engineering
This Chapter is broken down into two sections.
Section 1 - Batch Reactor Data
Excess Method
Differential Method
- Graphical Method
- Numerical Method
- Polynomial Fit
Integral Method
Half Live Method
Initial Rates of Reaction Method
Section 2 - Differential Reactor Data.
Application to PBR
After you finish this chapter, you should be able to fit:
zero, first and second order differential equations
Course by Chemical Engineering Guy
Check out full course:
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This is course on Process Simulation will show you how to model, manipulate and report thermodynamic, transport, physical and chemical properties of substances.
You will learn about:
Physical Property Environment
Physical Property Method & Method Assistant
Fluid and Property Packages
Physical property input, modeling, estimation and regression
Thermodynamic Properties (Material/Energy balances and Thermodynamic Processes)
Transport Properties for (Mass/Heat/Momentum Transfer)
Equilibrium Properties (Vapor-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid, etc...)
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
This is an excellent way to get started with Aspen Plus. Understanding the physical property environment will definitively help you in the simulation and flowsheet creation!
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 50% theory and about 50% practice!
A 10-minute experimental run shows that 75% of liquid reactant is converted to product by a half-order rate. What would be the fraction converted in a half-hour run?
Grain and feed processed within hammer mills is common fuel for dust explosions due to the nature of its handling and storage. Any time that feed such as grain, meals and flours is handled or moved, the fine organic dusts are at risk of burning and exploding.
COURSE LINK:
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Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
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Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Course by Chemical Engineering Guy
Check out full course:
http://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/aspen-plus-physical-properties-course/
Ask me for special discounts, or checkout "SURPIRSE" tab in my site for special discounts.
This is course on Process Simulation will show you how to model, manipulate and report thermodynamic, transport, physical and chemical properties of substances.
You will learn about:
Physical Property Environment
Physical Property Method & Method Assistant
Fluid and Property Packages
Physical property input, modeling, estimation and regression
Thermodynamic Properties (Material/Energy balances and Thermodynamic Processes)
Transport Properties for (Mass/Heat/Momentum Transfer)
Equilibrium Properties (Vapor-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid, etc...)
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
This is an excellent way to get started with Aspen Plus. Understanding the physical property environment will definitively help you in the simulation and flowsheet creation!
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 50% theory and about 50% practice!
A 10-minute experimental run shows that 75% of liquid reactant is converted to product by a half-order rate. What would be the fraction converted in a half-hour run?
Grain and feed processed within hammer mills is common fuel for dust explosions due to the nature of its handling and storage. Any time that feed such as grain, meals and flours is handled or moved, the fine organic dusts are at risk of burning and exploding.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
L3b reactor sizing example problems
1. L3b-1
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Ideal CSTR
Design Eq
with XA:
Review: Design Eq & Conversion
D
a
d
C
a
c
B
a
b
A
fedAmoles
reactedAmoles
XA
BATCH
SYSTEM: A0Aj0jj XNNN
j
A0A
j
j0TjT XNNNN
FLOW
SYSTEM: A0Aj0jj XFFF
j
A0A
j
j0TjT XFFFF
r
XF
V
A
A0A
Vr
dt
dX
N A
A
0A
Ideal Batch Reactor
Design Eq with XA:
AX
0 A
A
0A
Vr
dX
Nt
A
A
0A r
dV
dX
F
Ideal SS PFR
Design Eq with XA:
AX
0 A
A
0A
r
dX
FV
'r
dW
dX
F A
A
0A
Ideal SS PBR
Design Eq with XA:
AX
0 A
A
0A
'r
dX
FW
j≡ stoichiometric coefficient;
positive for products, negative
for reactants
2. L3b-2
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Review: Sizing CSTRsWe can determine the volume of the CSTR required to achieve a specific
conversion if we know how the reaction rate rj depends on the conversion Xj
A
A
0A
CSTR
A
A0A
CSTR X
r
F
V
r
XF
V
Ideal SS
CSTR
design eq.
Volume is
product of FA0/-rA
and XA
• Plot FA0/-rA vs XA (Levenspiel plot)
• VCSTR is the rectangle with a base of XA,exit and a height of FA0/-rA at XA,exit
FA 0
rA
X
Area = Volume of CSTR
X1
V
FA 0
rA
X1
X1
3. L3b-3
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
FA 0
rA
Area = Volume of PFR
V
0
X1
FA 0
rA
dX
X1
Area = VPFR or Wcatalyst, PBR
dX
'r
F
W
1X
0 A
0A
Review: Sizing PFRs & PBRs
We can determine the volume (catalyst weight) of a PFR (PBR) required to
achieve a specific Xj if we know how the reaction rate rj depends on Xj
A
exit,AX
0 A
0A
PFR
exit,AX
0 A
A
0APFR dX
r
F
V
r
dX
FV
Ideal PFR
design eq.
• Plot FA0/-rA vs XA (Experimentally determined numerical values)
• VPFR (WPBR) is the area under the curve FA0/-rA vs XA,exit
A
exit,AX
0 A
0A
PBR
exit,AX
0 A
A
0APBR dX
r
F
W
r
dX
FW
Ideal PBR
design eq.
dX
r
F
V
1X
0 A
0A
4. L3b-4
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Numerical Evaluation of Integrals (A.4)
Simpson’s one-third rule (3-point):
210
2X
0
XfXf4Xf
3
h
dxxf
hXX
2
XX
h 01
02
Trapezoidal rule (2-point):
10
1X
0
XfXf
2
h
dxxf
01 XXh
Simpson’s three-eights rule (4-point):
3210
3X
0
XfXf3Xf3Xfh
8
3
dxxf
3
XX
h 03
h2XXhXX 0201
Simpson’s five-point quadrature :
43210
4X
0
XfXf4Xf2Xf4Xf
3
h
dxxf
4
XX
h 04
5. L3b-5
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Review: Reactors in Series
2 CSTRs 2 PFRs
CSTR→PFR
VCSTR1 VPFR2
VPFR2VCSTR1
VCSTR2
VPFR1
VPFR1
VCSTR2
VCSTR1 + VPFR2
≠
VPFR1 + CCSTR2
PFR→CSTR
A
A0
r-
F
i j
CSTRPFRPFR VVV
If is monotonically
increasing then:
CSTR
i j
CSTRPFR VVV
6. L3b-6
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Chapter 2 Examples
7. L3b-7
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
XA 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
-rA 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
1. Calculate FA0/-rA for each conversion value in the tableFA0/-rA
Calculate the reactor volumes for each configuration shown below for the reaction data
in the table when the molar flow rate is 52 mol/min.
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.8
Config 1
X1=0.3
FA0, X0 X2=0.8
Config 2
A
exit,AX
in,AX A
0A
nPFR dX
r
F
V
←Use numerical
methods to solve
in,Aout,A
nA
0A
nCSTR XX
r
F
V
XA,out and XA,in respectively, are the conversion at the outlet and inlet of reactor n
Convert to seconds→
min
mol
52F 0A
00
1
52 8
60
67
A
mol min
m
mol
. F
sin s
-rA is in terms of mol/dm3∙s
8. L3b-8
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
A(
0
0)
AF
r
3
3
mol
0.0053
d
mol
0.867
s
s
m
m
d
164
1. Calculate FA0/-rA for each conversion value in the table
XA 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
-rA 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
FA0/-rA 164
Calculate the reactor volumes for each configuration shown below for the reaction data
in the table when the molar flow rate is 52 mol/min.
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.8
Config 1
X1=0.3
FA0, X0 X2=0.8
Config 2
A
exit,AX
in,AX A
0A
nPFR dX
r
F
V
←Use numerical
methods to solve
in,Aout,A
nA
0A
nCSTR XX
r
F
V
-rA is in terms of mol/dm3∙s
164
XA,out and XA,in respectively, are the conversion at the outlet and inlet of reactor n
min
mol
52F 0A
00
1
52 8
60
67
A
mol min
m
mol
. F
sin s
Convert to seconds→
9. L3b-9
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
A(
0
0)
AF
r
3
3
mol
0.0053
d
mol
0.867
s
s
m
m
d
164
1. Calculate FA0/-rA for each conversion value in the table
XA 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
-rA 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
FA0/-rA
Calculate the reactor volumes for each configuration shown below for the reaction data
in the table when the molar flow rate is 52 mol/min.
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.8
Config 1
X1=0.3
FA0, X0 X2=0.8
Config 2
A
exit,AX
in,AX A
0A
nPFR dX
r
F
V
←Use numerical
methods to solve
in,Aout,A
nA
0A
nCSTR XX
r
F
V
-rA is in terms of mol/dm3∙s
164
XA,out and XA,in respectively, are the conversion at the outlet and inlet of reactor n
min
mol
52F 0A
00
1
52 8
60
67
A
mol min
m
mol
. F
sin s
Convert to seconds→ For each –rA that corresponds to
a XA value, use FA0 to calculate
FA0/-rA & fill in the table
10. L3b-10
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
X1=0.3
FA0, X0
A( 0.85)
3A0
3
mol
0.867F s
molr
0.001
dm s
867 dm
1. Calculate FA0/-rA for each conversion value in the table
XA 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
-rA 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
FA0/-rA 164 167 173 193 217 263 347 482 694 867
Calculate the reactor volumes for each configuration shown below for the reaction data
in the table when the molar flow rate is 52 mol/min.
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.8
Config 1
X2=0.8
Config 2
A
exit,AX
in,AX A
0A
nPFR dX
r
F
V
←Use numerical
methods to solve
in,Aout,A
nA
0A
nCSTR XX
r
F
V
Convert to seconds→
min
mol
52F 0A
-rA is in terms of mol/dm3∙s
XA,out and XA,in respectively, are the conversion at the outlet and inlet of reactor n
00
1
52 8
60
67
A
mol min
m
mol
. F
sin s
11. L3b-11
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
XA 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
-rA 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
FA0/-rA 164 167 173 193 217 263 347 482 694 867
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.8
Config 1
Reactor 1, PFR from XA0=0 to XA=0.3:
A
A AA
A A0
A
0.3
A0
PFR1 A
0
A0
X
0
A X
A0
A
X 0.3
0.20A .X 1A 0
F 3 0.3 0
V dX 3
F F
3
rr
F
rr8 3
F
r
4-pt rule:
1
0.3 A0
PFR A0
3
A
16
F 3
V dX 0.1 3 3 1
r 8
934 173 5167 1.6 dm
A,out
2CSTR
A0
A,o A i
X
, nut
A
F
XV X
r
2
3
CSTR 694 0.8 3470.3 dmV
Total volume for configuration 1: 51.6 dm3 + 347 dm3 = 398.6 dm3 = 399 dm3
←Use numerical
methods to solve
PFR1 CSTR2
0
XA,exit A
PFRn AXA,in A
F
V dX
r
12. L3b-12
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
XA 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
-rA 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
FA0/-rA 164 167 173 193 217 263 347 482 694 867
Reactor 1, CSTR from XA0=0 to XA=0.3:
Need to evaluate at 6 pts, but since
there is no 6-pt rule, break it up
0
0
1 0
3
A
A .
A,outCSTR A
F
XV X
r
Total volume for configuration 2: 58 dm3 + 173 dm3 = 231 dm3
X1=0.3
FA0, X0 X2=0.8
Config 2
CSTR
3
0. 583 0193 dmV
A0
PFR2 A
A
0.8
0.3
F
V dX
r
PFRV
... .
263 263 34217
3
4 3 3
8 33 2
482193 694
0 08 5
7
0 30 5
3 point rule 4 point rule
3
173 dm
PFR2CSTR1
0.
A0 A0
PF
0.3
R2 A A
A
05
.
.
5
8
A0
F F
V dX dX
r r
Must evaluate as many
pts as possible when
the curve isn’t flat
13. L3b-13
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
ACSTR
A
A
V
X
C
r
0
0
CSTR
A
A
A
V
C
r
X
00
For a given CA0, the space time needed to achieve 80% conversion in a
CSTR is 5 h. Determine (if possible) the CSTR volume required to process 2
ft3/min and achieve 80% conversion for the same reaction using the same CA0.
What is the space velocity (SV) for this system?
space time holding time mean residenceh
V
time
0
5
=5 h 0=2 ft3/min
ft
min h
hV
min
3
60
5
2 3
V ft 600
V
SV
0 1Space
velocity:
-1
h
SV . h
0 2
5
1 1
Notice that we did not need to solve the CSTR design equation to solve this problem.
Also, this answer does not depend on the type of flow reactor used.
XA=0.8
A
CSTR A
AF
r
XV
0 A
A
CSTR
A
C
r
V
X
0
0
0
0
V
V
14. L3b-14
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
XA,exit
PFR
A
A
X AA,in
C
V dX
r
0
0
A product is produced by a nonisothermal, nonelementary, multiple-reaction
mechanism. Assume the volumetric flow rate is constant & the same in both reactors.
Data for this reaction is shown in the graph below. Use this graph to determine which
of the 2 configurations that follow give the smaller total reactor volume.
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.7
Config 2
X1=0.3
FA0, X0 X2=0.7
Config 1
A
CSTR A,out A,in
A
V X X
r
C
0
0
Shown on graph
XA,exit
PFRn A
AA,in
A
X
V dX
F
r
0
CSTR
A
A
A
V X
r
F
0
• Since 0 is the same in both reactors, we can use this graph to compare the 2
configurations
• PFR- volume is 0 multiplied by the area under the curve between XA,in & XA,out
• CSTR- volume is 0 multiplied by the product of CA0/-rA,outlet times (XA,out - XA,in)
15. L3b-15
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
A product is produced by a nonisothermal, nonelementary, multiple-reaction
mechanism. Assume the volumetric flow rate is constant & the same in both reactors.
Data for this reaction is shown in the graph below. Use this graph to determine which
of the 2 configurations that follow give the smaller total reactor volume.
FA0, X0
X1=0.3
X2=0.7
Config 2
X1=0.3
FA0, X0 X2=0.7
Config 1
• PFR- V is 0 multiplied by the area under the curve between XA,in & XA,out
• CSTR- V is 0 multiplied by the product of CA0/-rA,outlet times (XA,out - XA,in)
Config 1 Config 2
Less shaded area
Config 2 (PFRXA,out=0.3 first, and CSTRXA,out=0.7 second) has the smaller VTotal
XA=0.3
XA=0.7
XA=0.3
XA=0.7