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L21 Games and Gamification
The document discusses the history and evolution of video games, covering early games from the 1940s to the rise of popular consoles in the 1980s. It highlights the impact of games on collaboration, personal interaction, and the gaming market, as well as concerns surrounding addiction and violence. Additionally, it explores the potential positive effects of games and the concept of gamification as a method to engage and motivate individuals.
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L21 Games and Gamification
- 1. LECTURE L21 GAMES ANDGAMIFICATION
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- 4. Games are the oneof the most powerful force in the world
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- 6. Early Games Cathode raytube amusement device, 1947 Analog game, purely electromechanical Controlled by control knobs which influences the trajectory of the CRT's light beam Player controls a reticle and aligns it to an airplane to shoot down
- 7. Noughts And Crosses,1952 A Tic-Tac-Toe game Ran on EDSAC Used the tank display CRT as 35 x 16 pixel screen for displaying his game Game did not get well known Early Games
- 8. Q1 In early 1960,there was no “video game industry” - Two cultures contributed to the idea that computers should be things we interact with and play with. What are they?
- 9. Early Games Early 1960s- Two cultures contributed to the idea that computers should be things we interact with and play with Hackers - “the hands on imperative” Rebel entrepreneurs - eager to break into the amusement industry Walter Isaacson: The Innovators
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- 11. Programmed on PDP-1in MIT in 1960 by Steve Russel One of the first time-sharing computers Space game where two players try to shoot each others without being drawn to the sun in the center Spacewar! 1961 Early Games
- 12. Q2 What was theimpact of early games like Spacewar!?
- 13. Impact: 1. Collaboration -Liquid network effect 2. Free - Open Source 3. Strengthened the view that Computers should be Personal and Interactive in real-time Early Games Spacewar! 1961
- 14. Q3 Early machines wheretoo expensive for personal use. What was the solution?
- 15. Arcades Special purpose machines Mostpopular game was PONG Arcades became popular amongst young in 1971-1974 2-D boards and movement of objects Special controls and buttons
- 17. Pong 1974 Atari VCS2600 1977 Game Consoles In 1974 game consoles start to appear Computer games market emerges Atari became the industry leader —Nolan Bushnell VCS – Video Computer System 1974 – 1984 Discontinued in 1991
- 19. The Video GameCrash In 1983 the computer game market crashed Throughout the 1984 and 1985, the home video game industry was nearly dead Too much supply of similar games Low quality The public lost interest Atari did not credit developers
- 20. Game Consoles ComeBack Nintendo Entertainment System, 1986 Started the second computer console revolution Changed the way games were marketed Strict control of what games were produced and sold Instituted quality standards Instituted content standards
- 21. Enter the PersonalComputer In the 80s Personal computers become more wide spread Games slowly appear in the PCs
- 23. Interactive fiction In the80s Interactive fiction games became popular Role-playing game in which the player moves around in imaginative adventure world and solves mysteries Early games where text games with simple commands Slowly graphics was added
- 24. Enter CD-ROM With CD-ROMnew types of games became possible More graphic The 7th guest from 1992 Myst from 1993 became an unexpected huge success
- 26. Multiplayer and 3-DGames Early games were multiplayer games Pong and Spacewar! were multiplayer Most games after that were single player games where player plays against the computer or players take turn In the late 80s and early 90s networks start to appear Ethernet LANs, then the Internet
- 28. DOOM introduced 3-Dgraphics and multiplayer capabilities in 1993 3D game where the player moves around in a 3-D world Breakthrough graphics Multiplayer capability on a LAN Multiplayer and 3-D Games
- 29. Impact of ComputerGames
- 30. “Games offer immediatefeedback, you can see your progress, you can try something and be frustrated but later learn more… that’s why game play is so engaging to us.” —Barbara Chamberlin, project director at the New Mexico State University Learning Games Lab
- 31. Q4 Many consider videogames harmful to people. What are the main concerns?
- 32. Addiction Some games arehighly addictive Role playing games, MUD (Multiple User Dialog) Example: EverQuest Games with progression, construction and commands Examples: WarCraft, CounterStrike, Sims Impact of Computer Games
- 34. Violence Some games areviolent, made for mature adult audience Most games are not violent Impact of Computer Games
- 36. The Gaming Market “Intwenty years, games will have taken over the world and everything will be virtual reality.” -- Ray Kurzwiel
- 37. 35 Source: ESA Essentialfacts, US data The average age of a gamer?
- 38. Source: ESA Essentialfacts, US data
- 39. Source: ESA Essentialfacts, US data
- 40. 1990 $10 bn 2000 2010 $20bn $50 bn Games $100 bn 2017
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- 43. Products: PlayStation, PlayStation2,3 and 4 PlayStation Portable Have the broadest market Has most of the games PlayStation3 came with IBM’s Cell Movie and TV show downloads PlayStation4 released late 2013 Sony
- 45. Products: XBox, XBox360, XBox One Appeal to hard-core games Most powerful console Xbox Live – online game service Kinect Microsoft is promoting xbox as entertainment device XBox
- 47. Products: GameCube, GameBoy Wii,Wii U, DS Appeal to families Apply strict standards Wii got a very good start with Wii Remote Nintendo Switch Nintendo
- 48. The Market PlayStation 2is still on top What is the most popular game console of all time?
- 49. Q5 Can video gameshave positive impact on people?
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- 51. Tetris What is themost popular game of all time? The Market
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- 53. Games are played byanyone
- 54. Games are partof growing up
- 55. Millennials People wants entertainmentand play in their work, education and social life
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- 57. Why should westop playing when we grow up?
- 58. Simple and easygames, last for short time (50+ hours) Addictive with low barriers Pictures from PopCap Source: IGDA 2008-2009 Casual Games White Paper Casual Games
- 59. Social Games Multiplayer gamesthat are played with others Synchronous or Asynchronous
- 60. Source: The onlinecomputer and video game industry (OECD Report) The MMORPG Top List Thousands of players Roles and responsibility Continuity and progress MMORPG
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- 62. Monetizing games To makesuccessful games, you have to be a really good game designer Art style, tone, uniqueness, game design and balancing have to work Monetization strategy depends heavily on the type of game
- 63. Ad supported -free, low barrier, large audience Free 2 Play - optional in-play purchase, time, skills, virtual stuff Download - Pay for downloads for PC, console and mobile games Subscription - Pay for access, monthly Money gaming - Play for money and take rake or percentage Monetizing games
- 64. Give player accessto play significant portion of the game without paying Then charge for extras, VIP access, more choices, virtual stuff, advancement Based on the Freemium concept Free to Play - F2P
- 65. VIRTUAL STUFF Tom Chatfield 7ways video games engage the brain (2010) TED Talk
- 67. The 90-9-1 Rule Insocial communities, 90% of the users don’t contribute In gaming 90% play for free but are needed so the community works 90% Play for free 9% Pay for added value 1% Pay for anything
- 68. Can games improvethe world?
- 69. Jane McGonigal: Gaming canmake a better world (2010)
- 71. Can we usegames to solve (boring, untasteful…) problems?
- 73.
- 74. Gamification is theprocess of using game thinking and game mechanics to engage audiences and solve problems
- 75. game me•chan•ics Techniques usedby game designers to make games fun and addictive
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- 80. Games are themost powerful motivation to influence behaviour
- 83. How can weuse game mechanics to change the real world?
- 87. Each week wespend 3 billion hours playing computer games
- 88. At the ageof 21 people have spent 10.000 hours playing computer games
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- 90. The time peoplehave spent playing World of Warcraft is 5,93 million years
- 91. Evolution of man took 5,93million years
- 92. Fluid intelligence isthe capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge Crystallized intelligence is the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience Evolution of Man gave us Intelligence
- 93. Q6 Highlight the talk(parts shown in class) by Gabe Zicherman: How games make kids smarter (2010). What are his main points?
- 94. Gabe Zichermann: How gamesmake kids smarter (2010)
- 96. Real life canbe so boooooring
- 98. Why should wetake games seriously? Clearly people are wasting time
- 100. But we needscientific evidence
- 101. Daphne Bavelier: Your brainon video games (2012)
- 103. “ ... peoplewho play action games far outperform the people who don’t” - Green and Bavelier’s experiment
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- 105.
- 106. Better in exploring newoptions
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- 109. Better at processing visualstream of information
- 110. And when youare hiring a person to do a job for you, what is your first interview question?
- 111. Do you playvideo games?
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- 115. Augmented and virtualreality Next