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Geology l2
- 2. OBJECTIVES
- 3. OBJECTIVES • Understand that there are fast and slow processes that can change the surface of the earth.
- 5. Essential Questions • What forces change the surface of the earth?
- 7. Earth’s Interior & Crust
- 8. Earth’s Interior & Crust • What did scientist observe when they looked at the map of the earth?
- 9. Earth’s Interior & Crust • What did scientist observe when they looked at the map of the earth? • Explain Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis
- 10. Earth’s Interior & Crust • What did scientist observe when they looked at the map of the earth? • Explain Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis • What is convection?
- 11. Earth’s Interior & Crust • What did scientist observe when they looked at the map of the earth? • Explain Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis • What is convection? • How do modern scientist believe the continents moved over time?
- 13. The Earth Changes Slowly
- 14. The Earth Changes Slowly • What is weathering and how does it change the surface of the earth?
- 15. The Earth Changes Slowly • What is weathering and how does it change the surface of the earth? • What is erosion and how is this different from weathering?
- 16. The Earth Changes Slowly • What is weathering and how does it change the surface of the earth? • What is erosion and how is this different from weathering? • How do glaciers change the surface of the earth?
- 18. The Earth Changes Quickly
- 19. The Earth Changes Quickly • What natural events causes quick changes to the earth’s surface?
- 20. The Earth Changes Quickly • What natural events causes quick changes to the earth’s surface? • Give real world examples of volcanoes, earthquakes, storms and hurricanes.
- 26. Checking Your Understanding • How is the surface of the earth constantly changing?
- 28. Essential Questions • What forces change the surface of the earth?
- 29. Exit Pass - Pick 2 Questions
- 30. Exit Pass - Pick 2 Questions • List two slow processes that change the surface of the earth.
- 31. Exit Pass - Pick 2 Questions • List two slow processes that change the surface of the earth. • Name two fast processes that change the surface of the earth.
- 32. Exit Pass - Pick 2 Questions • List two slow processes that change the surface of the earth. • Name two fast processes that change the surface of the earth. • Explain how erosion and weathering changed the surface of our island.
- 33. Exit Pass - Pick 2 Questions • List two slow processes that change the surface of the earth. • Name two fast processes that change the surface of the earth. • Explain how erosion and weathering changed the surface of our island. • List two examples of slow or fast processes that have changed the Hawaiian Islands.
Editor's Notes
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- The Earth’s Interior and Crust (4:10) - explains how scientists observed the ocean floor and discovered mid-oceanic ridges that helped explain how the continents moved (convection current in the earth’s mantle)\n\n
- Earth’s surface is divided by oceans and continents. The continents appear to fit together like pieces of a puzzle.\nWegener believed at one time the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the continents drifted apart.\nConvection - hot liquid or air expands and rises. As it cool, the liquid or air starts to sink, creating a current\nScientists believe there are convection currents in the earth’s mantle that act as conveyor belts, moving the continents over the earth’s surface\n
- Earth’s surface is divided by oceans and continents. The continents appear to fit together like pieces of a puzzle.\nWegener believed at one time the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the continents drifted apart.\nConvection - hot liquid or air expands and rises. As it cool, the liquid or air starts to sink, creating a current\nScientists believe there are convection currents in the earth’s mantle that act as conveyor belts, moving the continents over the earth’s surface\n
- Earth’s surface is divided by oceans and continents. The continents appear to fit together like pieces of a puzzle.\nWegener believed at one time the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the continents drifted apart.\nConvection - hot liquid or air expands and rises. As it cool, the liquid or air starts to sink, creating a current\nScientists believe there are convection currents in the earth’s mantle that act as conveyor belts, moving the continents over the earth’s surface\n
- Earth’s surface is divided by oceans and continents. The continents appear to fit together like pieces of a puzzle.\nWegener believed at one time the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the continents drifted apart.\nConvection - hot liquid or air expands and rises. As it cool, the liquid or air starts to sink, creating a current\nScientists believe there are convection currents in the earth’s mantle that act as conveyor belts, moving the continents over the earth’s surface\n
- The Earth Changes Slowly (2:32) The earth is always changing. Some things change earth slowly like weathering, erosion, and glaciers.\n\n
- Weathering is always changing the surface of the earth. Wind and water both cause weathering. Another way water can cause weathering is by freezing inside rocks. When the water freezes, it pushes the rock apart. Plants can cause weathering too because the roots grow in the cracks of rock. As the roots grow larger, they break the rocks apart.\nErosion - after weathering breaks up rocks, erosion moves them around. Water, wind, and even other rocks can move bits of rock from one place to another. Plants and tree roots help stop erosion. Roots helps hold the soil in place.\nIce also causes erosion. Glaciers move very slowly across the land, changing the land as they go. Glaciers scoop out rocks and soil creating deep lakes and valleys.\n
- Weathering is always changing the surface of the earth. Wind and water both cause weathering. Another way water can cause weathering is by freezing inside rocks. When the water freezes, it pushes the rock apart. Plants can cause weathering too because the roots grow in the cracks of rock. As the roots grow larger, they break the rocks apart.\nErosion - after weathering breaks up rocks, erosion moves them around. Water, wind, and even other rocks can move bits of rock from one place to another. Plants and tree roots help stop erosion. Roots helps hold the soil in place.\nIce also causes erosion. Glaciers move very slowly across the land, changing the land as they go. Glaciers scoop out rocks and soil creating deep lakes and valleys.\n
- Weathering is always changing the surface of the earth. Wind and water both cause weathering. Another way water can cause weathering is by freezing inside rocks. When the water freezes, it pushes the rock apart. Plants can cause weathering too because the roots grow in the cracks of rock. As the roots grow larger, they break the rocks apart.\nErosion - after weathering breaks up rocks, erosion moves them around. Water, wind, and even other rocks can move bits of rock from one place to another. Plants and tree roots help stop erosion. Roots helps hold the soil in place.\nIce also causes erosion. Glaciers move very slowly across the land, changing the land as they go. Glaciers scoop out rocks and soil creating deep lakes and valleys.\n
- Earth Changes Quickly (3:38) - Some changes on earth happen quickly like volcanoes, earthquakes, storms and hurricanes.\n
- Volcanoes - When lava comes up from a crack from the earth’s crust a volcano is formed. A volcano can send out hot clouds of ash, rock and gases. Over time, the hot lava can form a mountain (Mt. Rainer and Mt. St Helens are volcanic mountains). Sometimes a volcano forms under the ocean. If it reaches the surface of the water and can form an island. The islands of Hawaii and Japan are volcanic islands.\nEarthquakes - can change earth’s surface quickly. When pieces of the earth’s plates move around, they push together or pull apart. These movements can cause earth quakes. Earthquakes can cause roads, bridges, and buildings to be ruined. Big earthquakes, can leave cracks and uneven areas in the earth’s surface.\nStorms - water can also cause quick changes to earth’s surface. Big storms can cause increased rain to flow into rivers causing floods. When flood waters go down, soil and sand are left behind, Floods an also destroy homes, lands and buildings.\nHurricanes - are violent storms with heavy winds and rain that destroy almost everything in its path\n
- Volcanoes - When lava comes up from a crack from the earth’s crust a volcano is formed. A volcano can send out hot clouds of ash, rock and gases. Over time, the hot lava can form a mountain (Mt. Rainer and Mt. St Helens are volcanic mountains). Sometimes a volcano forms under the ocean. If it reaches the surface of the water and can form an island. The islands of Hawaii and Japan are volcanic islands.\nEarthquakes - can change earth’s surface quickly. When pieces of the earth’s plates move around, they push together or pull apart. These movements can cause earth quakes. Earthquakes can cause roads, bridges, and buildings to be ruined. Big earthquakes, can leave cracks and uneven areas in the earth’s surface.\nStorms - water can also cause quick changes to earth’s surface. Big storms can cause increased rain to flow into rivers causing floods. When flood waters go down, soil and sand are left behind, Floods an also destroy homes, lands and buildings.\nHurricanes - are violent storms with heavy winds and rain that destroy almost everything in its path\n
- The Earth is changing constantly. Have you ever made a sand castle on a beach and watched it disappear in the waves? That’s erosion! Erosion moves materials and deposits them in other places. Erosion and deposition can be very slow processes. Let’s explore how erosion and deposition can cause changes.\n
- A glacier is a huge mass of ice. It is formed over thousands of years. It takes thousands of years to melt a glacier. They can change Earth’s surface. Let’s learn more about the features of glaciers to see how they can move mountains!\n
- If you have ever felt the ground shaking, you have probably experienced an earthquake. An earthquake lasts a few seconds but can cause great damage. Let’s find out more about earthquakes.\n
- Volcanoes can sit quietly for hundreds and thousands of years. And then one day – BOOM! They produce a fiery, noisy explosion. You may be surprised to know that there are many different types of volcanic activities. Explore volcanoes!\n
- There are both slow and fast processes\n Slow processes include: plate tectonics (changes at plate boundaries), erosion (wind, water, ice)\n Fast processes include: effects of plate tectonic interaction (earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, storms, hurricanes\n
- Forces that change the surface - plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, storms, hurricanes\n\n\n\n\n\n
- Erosion, weathering, glaciers\nEarthquakes, volcanoes, storms, hurricanes.\nErosion by wind, rain, and ocean created cliffs, landslides, valleys, canyons\nFast processes - volcanoes, changes to beaches due to hurricane Iwa and Iniki, flooding \n
- Erosion, weathering, glaciers\nEarthquakes, volcanoes, storms, hurricanes.\nErosion by wind, rain, and ocean created cliffs, landslides, valleys, canyons\nFast processes - volcanoes, changes to beaches due to hurricane Iwa and Iniki, flooding \n
- Erosion, weathering, glaciers\nEarthquakes, volcanoes, storms, hurricanes.\nErosion by wind, rain, and ocean created cliffs, landslides, valleys, canyons\nFast processes - volcanoes, changes to beaches due to hurricane Iwa and Iniki, flooding \n
- Erosion, weathering, glaciers\nEarthquakes, volcanoes, storms, hurricanes.\nErosion by wind, rain, and ocean created cliffs, landslides, valleys, canyons\nFast processes - volcanoes, changes to beaches due to hurricane Iwa and Iniki, flooding \n