Paleoclimatology is the study of past climates using natural evidence, or proxies, left in tree rings, ice cores, pollen, and sediments. Scientists use tree ring analysis to determine past climate conditions from tree growth patterns. Pollen analysis identifies past vegetation by analyzing fossilized pollen grains. Isotope analysis of oxygen in fossils, ice cores, and sediments provides clues about past temperatures and ocean conditions. Current melting of sea ice and rising sea levels indicate warming may disrupt ocean circulation as seen in prior interglacial periods.
Tree rings can be used to determine the age of trees and study environmental conditions in different years. Each year a tree forms a new growth ring, with wider rings indicating better growing conditions and narrower rings indicating drought or other difficulties. By matching ring patterns between trees, scientists have developed tree-ring chronologies that can date back thousands of years. The field of dendrochronology uses these ring patterns to date wood and study past climate patterns, as well as applications in archaeology, geology, and environmental science.
tree ring analysis ( master chronology , Dendrochronology)Mary Hijazeen
Tree ring analysis involves examining the growth rings of trees. Each year a tree forms a new growth ring, with wider rings indicating better growing conditions and narrower rings indicating drought or other environmental stressors. Scientists can use patterns in tree ring widths to date samples very precisely by year. Dendrochronology, the scientific study of tree ring patterns, helps researchers understand past climates and date archaeological sites by matching ring patterns among trees.
The document discusses the principle of cross-dating tree rings. [1] Cross-dating involves matching patterns in tree ring widths or characteristics among multiple trees to identify the exact year each ring was formed. [2] This allows scientists to synchronize the tree ring chronologies and date wood samples far into the past without relying solely on ring counting. [3] Cross-dating is essential for dendrochronology because of various complications that can occur with tree ring formation.
This document discusses various proxies that can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate records from the Holocene epoch. It describes biotic proxies like diatoms, tree rings, pollens, corals, and phytoliths. Abiotic proxies discussed include ice cores, oxygen isotopes, lake and ocean sediments, speleothems, and x-ray diffraction. Specific proxies are then described in more detail, including how diatoms, tree rings, pollens, corals, oxygen isotopes, sediments, and x-ray diffraction can be analyzed to infer past climate conditions. A wide range of additional proxies are also listed.
Building tree-ring chronologies and Program ARSTANScott St. George
The document discusses dendroclimatology and paleoclimatology, including how tree rings can be used as climate proxies to reconstruct past climate variations. It explains how tree-ring measurements are standardized and aggregated to extract climate signals and maximize the environmental information while minimizing noise. Methods like COFECHA, detrending, and ARSTAN are used to process tree-ring data and develop high-quality tree-ring chronologies suitable for climate reconstruction.
Paleoclimatology is the study of past climates using natural evidence, or proxies, left in tree rings, ice cores, pollen, and sediments. Scientists use tree ring analysis to determine past climate conditions from tree growth patterns. Pollen analysis identifies past vegetation by analyzing fossilized pollen grains. Isotope analysis of oxygen in fossils, ice cores, and sediments provides clues about past temperatures and ocean conditions. Current melting of sea ice and rising sea levels indicate warming may disrupt ocean circulation as seen in prior interglacial periods.
Tree rings can be used to determine the age of trees and study environmental conditions in different years. Each year a tree forms a new growth ring, with wider rings indicating better growing conditions and narrower rings indicating drought or other difficulties. By matching ring patterns between trees, scientists have developed tree-ring chronologies that can date back thousands of years. The field of dendrochronology uses these ring patterns to date wood and study past climate patterns, as well as applications in archaeology, geology, and environmental science.
tree ring analysis ( master chronology , Dendrochronology)Mary Hijazeen
Tree ring analysis involves examining the growth rings of trees. Each year a tree forms a new growth ring, with wider rings indicating better growing conditions and narrower rings indicating drought or other environmental stressors. Scientists can use patterns in tree ring widths to date samples very precisely by year. Dendrochronology, the scientific study of tree ring patterns, helps researchers understand past climates and date archaeological sites by matching ring patterns among trees.
The document discusses the principle of cross-dating tree rings. [1] Cross-dating involves matching patterns in tree ring widths or characteristics among multiple trees to identify the exact year each ring was formed. [2] This allows scientists to synchronize the tree ring chronologies and date wood samples far into the past without relying solely on ring counting. [3] Cross-dating is essential for dendrochronology because of various complications that can occur with tree ring formation.
This document discusses various proxies that can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate records from the Holocene epoch. It describes biotic proxies like diatoms, tree rings, pollens, corals, and phytoliths. Abiotic proxies discussed include ice cores, oxygen isotopes, lake and ocean sediments, speleothems, and x-ray diffraction. Specific proxies are then described in more detail, including how diatoms, tree rings, pollens, corals, oxygen isotopes, sediments, and x-ray diffraction can be analyzed to infer past climate conditions. A wide range of additional proxies are also listed.
Building tree-ring chronologies and Program ARSTANScott St. George
The document discusses dendroclimatology and paleoclimatology, including how tree rings can be used as climate proxies to reconstruct past climate variations. It explains how tree-ring measurements are standardized and aggregated to extract climate signals and maximize the environmental information while minimizing noise. Methods like COFECHA, detrending, and ARSTAN are used to process tree-ring data and develop high-quality tree-ring chronologies suitable for climate reconstruction.
Impacts of Climate Change on BiodiversityTahaaSaeed
It is a short presentation about the Impacts of climate change on the animals and their diversity. it is a brief explanation of some of the points discussed.
Paleoclimate: past-climate as the key to understand the future. Example from ...Fernando Reche
Conferencia impartida por Vincenzo Pascucci el 1 de abril de 2011 en el marco de los Viernes Científicos, actividad organizada por la Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales de la Universidad de Almería
this simple powerpoint presentation is about soil erosion and weathering. it also contains some videos which will help in further explanation of the topic
The document discusses the three main types of weathering that cause rocks to break into small pieces. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that make rocks expand and contract, breaking them into layers. Chemical weathering results from chemical reactions between minerals in rocks and rainwater that cause disintegration. Biological weathering is the disintegration of rocks by tree roots and small creatures making homes in cracks.
The document discusses how paleoclimatology provides insights into past climate changes in Canada by studying ice cores, tree rings, fossils, and geological features. It highlights research using these methods to study glacial retreat after the last ice age, changes in Great Lakes water levels, Arctic sea ice extent over the past 10,000 years, and sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Paleoclimatology gives scientists a longer-term view to understand climate impacts and improve climate models.
This document provides an overview of stromatolites and microbial mat structures. It begins with definitions of stromatolites from early literature and discusses how understanding of these structures has evolved over time. It describes different classifications of stromatolites proposed by various researchers based on their morphology. The document also discusses microbial mat structures and reviews the distribution of stromatolites through geological time. It provides context on studies of Indian stromatolites, including those in the Vindhyan Basin, which are the focus of the project. The aim and objectives of the project to investigate the diversity and abundance of stromatolites and microbial mat structures in the Vindhyan Basin are also outlined.
1. Plant succession is the orderly change of plant communities over time in a given area. Hydrosere is the succession that occurs in aquatic environments like ponds and lakes.
2. The stages of hydrosere succession include a phytoplankton stage, rooted submerged stage, rooted floating stage, reed-swamp stage, sedge meadow stage, woodland stage, and a climax forest stage.
3. Xerosere is succession on bare rock surfaces. It begins with crustose lichens colonizing the rock, followed by foliose and fruticose lichens, then mosses, herbs, shrubs, trees, and ultimately a climax forest community.
Plant fossils are good indicators of palaeo-climatePramoda Raj
The document discusses using plant fossils to determine paleoclimate. It presents 11 paleoclimate suites based on morphological characters of fossil spores and pollens from different time periods. Each suite represents different climate conditions, such as cold/dry, warm/humid, etc. based on features like central body thickness, sac morphology, and pollen type (mono vs. bisaccate). The suites are used to interpret paleoclimate changes over geological time. Studying plant fossils is useful for correlating rock beds, determining geological ages, and paleoclimate reconstruction.
This document discusses weathering and soil erosion. It defines weathering as the breaking down of rocks and minerals through contact with the atmosphere, water, and organisms. The three main types of weathering are mechanical, organic, and chemical. Soil erosion is the wearing away of topsoil by water and wind forces. There are four main types of soil erosion: splash, sheet, rill, and gully erosion. Causes of soil erosion include land use, climate, soil properties, hydrology, and landforms.
This presentation was made by me when I was studying my Masters from TERI. I Chose this topic because everyone was talking about warming and this was little different and interesting.
Patterns of environment variation in speciesAnand Charvin
Variation in diversity patterns during succession in plants communities are due to the effects of selection on life history strategies under natural disturbances to plant community.
This presentation deals with the same.
Weathering causes the breakdown of rock at the Earth's surface. The main causes of weathering are plant and animal life, the atmosphere, and water. Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported by erosion. There are two types of weathering: chemical and mechanical. Chemical weathering changes the composition of materials, while mechanical weathering breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical makeup. Biological weathering also contributes to rock breakdown through processes like plant and microbial growth.
Weathering & Erosion (picture based learning)iqra junejo
Rocks break down over time through weathering and erosion. Weathering occurs through physical, chemical, and biological processes that break rocks into smaller pieces. Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes that induce expansion and contraction as well as freezing and thawing of water. Chemical weathering alters the chemical structure of rocks as they interact with carbon dioxide, oxygen, and acid in rainwater. Running water, wind, and glacial ice are the main agents of erosion that transport weathered materials away.
Environments are constantly changing, both slowly over long periods of time through processes like drought, and rapidly due to events like floods and fires. These changes impact the plants and animals living there. Organisms respond by migrating to find new habitats with more suitable conditions, like elephants traveling to find water and grass. Others adapt to survive the changes, such as predators hunting different prey or frogs burying themselves in dry conditions. If organisms cannot migrate or adapt, they may not survive the environmental changes.
Presentation by Dr. Steve Jack to support the Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center Workshop held January 12-14, 2016
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Ecological succession begins on bare rock surfaces through pioneering crustose lichens. As lichens decompose, they provide nutrients for mosses to grow. Moss growth traps more soil particles and creates suitable conditions for herbs. Herbaceous plants further weather the rock and add humus. Shrubs later invade and are followed by trees, which constitute the climax forest community. Multiple intermediate seral stages typically evolve over time as the ecosystem advances towards its climax conditions.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: WEATHERING. Contains: the definition of weathering, physical or mechanical weathering, freeze-thaw action, onion-skin action, chemical weathering.
The document discusses various natural resources and processes. It explains that the biosphere is the region where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere interact to support life. It also describes the water cycle and oxygen cycle, noting that the water cycle involves the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through processes like evaporation and precipitation.
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration.pdfYusfarijerjis
This document discusses various topics related to environmental engineering and ecology. It addresses key environmental issues like pollution, climate change, and overpopulation. It also discusses solutions like prevention, reuse, and recycling. Additionally, it covers the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Specific layers of the atmosphere and types of pollution are defined. Finally, it touches on topics like ecosystems, population growth, density and analysis.
The document discusses the biosphere and its components - atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and its role in regulating climate and temperature. It discusses air pollution and its effects. It explains how the hydrosphere in the form of oceans, rivers, etc. is essential for life. The lithosphere comprises the crust and upper mantle, and the breakdown of rocks over time forms soil. Biogeochemical cycles such as the water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are also summarized.
Impacts of Climate Change on BiodiversityTahaaSaeed
It is a short presentation about the Impacts of climate change on the animals and their diversity. it is a brief explanation of some of the points discussed.
Paleoclimate: past-climate as the key to understand the future. Example from ...Fernando Reche
Conferencia impartida por Vincenzo Pascucci el 1 de abril de 2011 en el marco de los Viernes Científicos, actividad organizada por la Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales de la Universidad de Almería
this simple powerpoint presentation is about soil erosion and weathering. it also contains some videos which will help in further explanation of the topic
The document discusses the three main types of weathering that cause rocks to break into small pieces. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that make rocks expand and contract, breaking them into layers. Chemical weathering results from chemical reactions between minerals in rocks and rainwater that cause disintegration. Biological weathering is the disintegration of rocks by tree roots and small creatures making homes in cracks.
The document discusses how paleoclimatology provides insights into past climate changes in Canada by studying ice cores, tree rings, fossils, and geological features. It highlights research using these methods to study glacial retreat after the last ice age, changes in Great Lakes water levels, Arctic sea ice extent over the past 10,000 years, and sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Paleoclimatology gives scientists a longer-term view to understand climate impacts and improve climate models.
This document provides an overview of stromatolites and microbial mat structures. It begins with definitions of stromatolites from early literature and discusses how understanding of these structures has evolved over time. It describes different classifications of stromatolites proposed by various researchers based on their morphology. The document also discusses microbial mat structures and reviews the distribution of stromatolites through geological time. It provides context on studies of Indian stromatolites, including those in the Vindhyan Basin, which are the focus of the project. The aim and objectives of the project to investigate the diversity and abundance of stromatolites and microbial mat structures in the Vindhyan Basin are also outlined.
1. Plant succession is the orderly change of plant communities over time in a given area. Hydrosere is the succession that occurs in aquatic environments like ponds and lakes.
2. The stages of hydrosere succession include a phytoplankton stage, rooted submerged stage, rooted floating stage, reed-swamp stage, sedge meadow stage, woodland stage, and a climax forest stage.
3. Xerosere is succession on bare rock surfaces. It begins with crustose lichens colonizing the rock, followed by foliose and fruticose lichens, then mosses, herbs, shrubs, trees, and ultimately a climax forest community.
Plant fossils are good indicators of palaeo-climatePramoda Raj
The document discusses using plant fossils to determine paleoclimate. It presents 11 paleoclimate suites based on morphological characters of fossil spores and pollens from different time periods. Each suite represents different climate conditions, such as cold/dry, warm/humid, etc. based on features like central body thickness, sac morphology, and pollen type (mono vs. bisaccate). The suites are used to interpret paleoclimate changes over geological time. Studying plant fossils is useful for correlating rock beds, determining geological ages, and paleoclimate reconstruction.
This document discusses weathering and soil erosion. It defines weathering as the breaking down of rocks and minerals through contact with the atmosphere, water, and organisms. The three main types of weathering are mechanical, organic, and chemical. Soil erosion is the wearing away of topsoil by water and wind forces. There are four main types of soil erosion: splash, sheet, rill, and gully erosion. Causes of soil erosion include land use, climate, soil properties, hydrology, and landforms.
This presentation was made by me when I was studying my Masters from TERI. I Chose this topic because everyone was talking about warming and this was little different and interesting.
Patterns of environment variation in speciesAnand Charvin
Variation in diversity patterns during succession in plants communities are due to the effects of selection on life history strategies under natural disturbances to plant community.
This presentation deals with the same.
Weathering causes the breakdown of rock at the Earth's surface. The main causes of weathering are plant and animal life, the atmosphere, and water. Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported by erosion. There are two types of weathering: chemical and mechanical. Chemical weathering changes the composition of materials, while mechanical weathering breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical makeup. Biological weathering also contributes to rock breakdown through processes like plant and microbial growth.
Weathering & Erosion (picture based learning)iqra junejo
Rocks break down over time through weathering and erosion. Weathering occurs through physical, chemical, and biological processes that break rocks into smaller pieces. Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes that induce expansion and contraction as well as freezing and thawing of water. Chemical weathering alters the chemical structure of rocks as they interact with carbon dioxide, oxygen, and acid in rainwater. Running water, wind, and glacial ice are the main agents of erosion that transport weathered materials away.
Environments are constantly changing, both slowly over long periods of time through processes like drought, and rapidly due to events like floods and fires. These changes impact the plants and animals living there. Organisms respond by migrating to find new habitats with more suitable conditions, like elephants traveling to find water and grass. Others adapt to survive the changes, such as predators hunting different prey or frogs burying themselves in dry conditions. If organisms cannot migrate or adapt, they may not survive the environmental changes.
Presentation by Dr. Steve Jack to support the Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center Workshop held January 12-14, 2016
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Ecological succession begins on bare rock surfaces through pioneering crustose lichens. As lichens decompose, they provide nutrients for mosses to grow. Moss growth traps more soil particles and creates suitable conditions for herbs. Herbaceous plants further weather the rock and add humus. Shrubs later invade and are followed by trees, which constitute the climax forest community. Multiple intermediate seral stages typically evolve over time as the ecosystem advances towards its climax conditions.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: WEATHERING. Contains: the definition of weathering, physical or mechanical weathering, freeze-thaw action, onion-skin action, chemical weathering.
The document discusses various natural resources and processes. It explains that the biosphere is the region where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere interact to support life. It also describes the water cycle and oxygen cycle, noting that the water cycle involves the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through processes like evaporation and precipitation.
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration.pdfYusfarijerjis
This document discusses various topics related to environmental engineering and ecology. It addresses key environmental issues like pollution, climate change, and overpopulation. It also discusses solutions like prevention, reuse, and recycling. Additionally, it covers the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Specific layers of the atmosphere and types of pollution are defined. Finally, it touches on topics like ecosystems, population growth, density and analysis.
The document discusses the biosphere and its components - atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and its role in regulating climate and temperature. It discusses air pollution and its effects. It explains how the hydrosphere in the form of oceans, rivers, etc. is essential for life. The lithosphere comprises the crust and upper mantle, and the breakdown of rocks over time forms soil. Biogeochemical cycles such as the water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are also summarized.
The document discusses the biosphere and its components - atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and its role in regulating climate and temperature. It discusses air pollution and its effects. It explains how the hydrosphere in the form of oceans, rivers, etc. is essential for life. The lithosphere comprises the crust and upper mantle, and the breakdown of rocks over time forms soil. Biogeochemical cycles such as the water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are also summarized.
The document discusses the biosphere and its components - atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and its role in regulating climate and temperature. It discusses air pollution and its effects. It covers the composition of gases in air and issues like greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and their impacts. It defines the hydrosphere and lithosphere and their importance for life. Factors involved in soil formation and different soil types are outlined. The concepts of biogeochemical cycles and related processes like water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are briefly introduced.
1. Ecosystems are sustained by energy flow from the sun through photosynthesis and nutrient cycling, while gravity holds the atmosphere.
2. Producers use photosynthesis, consumers eat producers or each other, and decomposers recycle nutrients.
3. Human activities like deforestation and fossil fuel use disrupt nutrient cycles and energy flow, reducing biodiversity and accelerating climate change.
Biogeochemical cycles describe the movement of elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water through biotic and abiotic components of the Earth system. The document discusses several key biogeochemical cycles, including how they facilitate the transfer and transformation of matter between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It also explains how human activities like burning fossil fuels and using fertilizers have significantly impacted various biogeochemical cycles.
Human-induced climate change is caused by both natural factors like volcanic eruptions as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Burning coal, oil and gas releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, trapping heat and leading to global warming. Deforestation removes forests that absorb carbon dioxide from the air. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and declining crop yields. Scientists use models to project future climate change under different emissions scenarios. Case studies show impacts on areas like wildlife habitats from activities like mining. Responding to climate change risks is important to save the future.
The document provides an overview of natural resources and the environment. It discusses how life exists where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere interact to form the biosphere. Natural resources include both biotic resources like plants and animals as well as abiotic resources like air, water, and soil. However, human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have led to these resources being used unsustainably. The document then examines various natural resources in more depth, including the composition and layers of the atmosphere, the water and carbon cycles, nitrogen cycle, ozone layer, and the greenhouse effect.
Biogeochemical cycle, any of the natural pathways by which essential elements of living matter are circulated. The term biogeochemical is a contraction that refers to the consideration of the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of each cycle.
The document discusses key concepts relating to life on Earth, including the biosphere, ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycles. The biosphere encompasses all life and interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Ecosystems refer to interactions between living and non-living factors within a defined area. Major biogeochemical cycles, like the carbon, water, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles, involve the exchange and reuse of key elements between organisms and the environment.
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles that recycle nutrients through the biosphere, including the water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. It provides diagrams of each cycle and notes how human activities such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation, and industrial processes are altering the natural cycles and negatively impacting the environment. The document also mentions the Gaia hypothesis which proposes that life on Earth influences or controls certain global geochemical processes.
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration_3ea6160be9e77bb0adb2bc1019a6...jiranjami46
This document summarizes key topics in environmental engineering, including:
1) Environmental issues like pollution, overpopulation, and climate change and efforts to establish a balance between humans and the environment.
2) Factors that influence population growth like birth rates, death rates, and environment. World population has grown from 1 billion in 1830 to over 7 billion now.
3) Concepts in ecology like ecosystems, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and the impacts of pollution.
This is the lesson - 2 of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Earth science involves the study of Earth's interior, rocks, soil, atmosphere, oceans, and space. It examines the connections between these different parts of Earth and how energy from the interior and sun drive Earth's processes. Understanding Earth science helps predict natural hazards and know how to farm effectively. Modern technology allows scientists to better view and map Earth through satellites, planes, deep sea vehicles and other methods to explore the integrated Earth system, which includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and anthroposphere interacting together.
The document discusses weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks at Earth's surface through mechanical or chemical processes. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' chemical and physical makeup. Erosion transports weathered materials, and mass wasting involves downslope rock/soil movement by gravity. Sedimentation is the deposition of eroded and transported particles.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2. Abio3c
Factors
•
Abio3c
Factors
means
a
nonliving
condi3on
or
thing.
• Examples
are
sunlight,
water,
air,
table
chair
binder
head
phones
pencils,
paper,
weather
,
temperature
moisture
light
soil.
Some
examples
Insects,
bacteria,
people
animals,
earth.
3. •
Bio3c
Factors
means
a
living
thing
• Some
examples
Insects,
bacteria,
people,
animals,
earth.
4. Life
Cycle
• Life
cycle
means
the
series
of
changes
occurring
in
an
animal
or
plant
between
one
development
stage
and
the
iden3cal
stage
in
the
next
genera3on.
• Some
examples
are
human,
animal,
and
plant
cycle.
5. Food
Chain
•
A
Food
chain
is
a
series
of
organisms
interrelated
in
their
feeding
habits,
the
smallest
being
fed
upon
by
a
larger
one,
which
in
turn
feeds
a
s3ll
larger
one.
• Some
examples
are
corn
-‐-‐>
chick
-‐-‐-‐>
snake
-‐-‐-‐-‐>
man
• rice
-‐-‐>
rat
-‐-‐-‐>
owl
•
grass
-‐-‐>
earthworms
-‐-‐>
bird
-‐-‐>
snake
• grass
-‐-‐-‐>
cow
-‐-‐-‐>
man
• grass
-‐-‐-‐>
deer
-‐-‐>
eagle
• carrots
-‐-‐-‐>
rabbit
-‐-‐>
snake
-‐-‐>
eagle
6. Erosion
•
Erosion
means
the
act
or
state
of
eroding.
• Some
examples
of
erosion
•
Force
of
wind
• Ac3on
of
water
•
Ac3on
of
waves
• Ac3on
of
glaciers
7. Deposi3on
• Deposi3on
means
the
act
or
process
of
deposi3ng.
• Some
examples
of
Deposi3on
some
examples
of
deposi3on
are
when
streams
deposit
sediments
into
deltas
and
alluvial
fans.
•
• Also,
wind
deposits
sand
when
wind
velocity
decreases
because
it
cannot
carry
enough
par3cles
.
• Finally,
glaciers
deposit
all
sizes
of
sediment.
They
leave
a
big
pile
of
rocks
called
moraine.
Moraine
usually
is
deposited
in
lakes
called
terminal
moraines.
8.
Chemical
Weathering
•
• Chemical
weathering
mean
any
of
the
various
weathering
processes
that
cause
exposed
rock
to
undergo
chemical
decomposi3on,
changing
the
chemical
and
mineralogical
composi3on
of
the
rock.
•
• Examples
of
chemical
weathering
is
oxida3on
acid
rain,
hydra3on
,
carbona3on
chemical
change
changes
of
the
chemical
of
the
substance
to
make
to
a
new
one
.
9. Mechanical
Weathering
• Mechanical
weathering
mean
any
of
the
various
weathering
processes
that
cause
physical
disintegra3on
of
exposed
rock
without
any
change
in
the
chemical
composi3on
of
the
rock.
• Examples
of
mechanical
weathering
is
ice
wedging
temperature
change
root
and
animal
ac3vity.
• Also
know
as
Physical
Weathering