The document provides information about the structure and function of the human heart. It discusses the four chambers of the heart, including the right and left atria and ventricles. It also describes the heart valves that prevent backflow of blood, including the tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves. Furthermore, it explains the conduction system of the heart and how electrical signals cause the heart to contract and pump blood through the cardiovascular system. Lastly, it gives an overview of electrocardiography and the use of ECGs to evaluate the heart's electrical activity.
The document discusses several cardiovascular system procedures including diagnostic tests, therapeutic procedures, and minor surgeries. Cardiac enzymes testing analyzes blood levels of enzymes to detect heart muscle injury. A Holter monitor continuously records heart electrical activity over hours to days to identify arrhythmias. Ligation and stripping is a minor surgery that ties off and removes damaged veins to improve blood drainage and reduce vein pressure.
The heart functions as a double pump to circulate blood through the body via the systemic and pulmonary circulations. It maintains blood pressure and pumps oxygenated blood and vital substances to different body parts. The heart's conduction system coordinates the contraction of cardiac muscle cells. It begins with the sinoatrial node generating spontaneous impulses at 72 beats/min which propagate through atrial pathways to both atria. The atrioventricular node then slows conduction to the bundle of His and Purkinje system to coordinate atrial and ventricular contractions and maintain an orderly heartbeat.
Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart and assess its structure and function. A Holter monitor continuously records heart rhythms while worn for 24-48 hours during normal activity to monitor heart reactions to daily life. Extracorporeal circulation routes blood outside the body through a heart-lung machine during open heart surgery to oxygenate and pump blood while bypassing the heart.
The document discusses the cardiac conduction system which controls the heartbeat and pumping of the heart. It describes the path that nerve impulses travel to make the heart contract, starting from the sinoatrial node, then traveling to the atrioventricular node and down through bundles to make the atria and ventricles contract sequentially. The cardiac cycle and details of diastole and systole are explained, covering how blood passively fills the chambers during diastole before the ventricles contract to pump blood out during systole. Key components of the conduction system like the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundles are also defined.
The document summarizes three cardiovascular diagnostic tests:
1) Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to assess blood flow through arteries and veins, helping doctors evaluate reduced or blocked blood flow. It can detect blood clots that increase risks of stroke or pulmonary embolism.
2) Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to evaluate the heart valves and detect abnormalities in blood flow or thickened heart walls. It is noninvasive.
3) A Holter monitor continuously records a patient's EKG for 24 hours during daily activities to associate symptoms with heart rhythms like ischemia or reduced blood supply. Electrodes are attached to record the EKG for later analysis.
Structure & Function of Heart and its parts. Heart walls, pericardium, heart valves, septa, nodal tissues, coronary circulation, blood vessels of heart, AV bundle, bundle of his, purkinje fibers, myogenic nature of heart, action potential generation.
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical activity of the heart during each cardiac cycle. It detects the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave which represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. The ECG can also detect abnormal heart rhythms such as bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation. The heart rate is controlled by the sinoatrial node but can be influenced by the cardioinhibitor and cardioaccelerator centers in the medulla which increase or decrease heart rate through the release of acetylcholine or norepinephrine acting on the SA and AV
The document provides information about the structure and function of the human heart. It discusses the four chambers of the heart, including the right and left atria and ventricles. It also describes the heart valves that prevent backflow of blood, including the tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves. Furthermore, it explains the conduction system of the heart and how electrical signals cause the heart to contract and pump blood through the cardiovascular system. Lastly, it gives an overview of electrocardiography and the use of ECGs to evaluate the heart's electrical activity.
The document discusses several cardiovascular system procedures including diagnostic tests, therapeutic procedures, and minor surgeries. Cardiac enzymes testing analyzes blood levels of enzymes to detect heart muscle injury. A Holter monitor continuously records heart electrical activity over hours to days to identify arrhythmias. Ligation and stripping is a minor surgery that ties off and removes damaged veins to improve blood drainage and reduce vein pressure.
The heart functions as a double pump to circulate blood through the body via the systemic and pulmonary circulations. It maintains blood pressure and pumps oxygenated blood and vital substances to different body parts. The heart's conduction system coordinates the contraction of cardiac muscle cells. It begins with the sinoatrial node generating spontaneous impulses at 72 beats/min which propagate through atrial pathways to both atria. The atrioventricular node then slows conduction to the bundle of His and Purkinje system to coordinate atrial and ventricular contractions and maintain an orderly heartbeat.
Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart and assess its structure and function. A Holter monitor continuously records heart rhythms while worn for 24-48 hours during normal activity to monitor heart reactions to daily life. Extracorporeal circulation routes blood outside the body through a heart-lung machine during open heart surgery to oxygenate and pump blood while bypassing the heart.
The document discusses the cardiac conduction system which controls the heartbeat and pumping of the heart. It describes the path that nerve impulses travel to make the heart contract, starting from the sinoatrial node, then traveling to the atrioventricular node and down through bundles to make the atria and ventricles contract sequentially. The cardiac cycle and details of diastole and systole are explained, covering how blood passively fills the chambers during diastole before the ventricles contract to pump blood out during systole. Key components of the conduction system like the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundles are also defined.
The document summarizes three cardiovascular diagnostic tests:
1) Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to assess blood flow through arteries and veins, helping doctors evaluate reduced or blocked blood flow. It can detect blood clots that increase risks of stroke or pulmonary embolism.
2) Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to evaluate the heart valves and detect abnormalities in blood flow or thickened heart walls. It is noninvasive.
3) A Holter monitor continuously records a patient's EKG for 24 hours during daily activities to associate symptoms with heart rhythms like ischemia or reduced blood supply. Electrodes are attached to record the EKG for later analysis.
Structure & Function of Heart and its parts. Heart walls, pericardium, heart valves, septa, nodal tissues, coronary circulation, blood vessels of heart, AV bundle, bundle of his, purkinje fibers, myogenic nature of heart, action potential generation.
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical activity of the heart during each cardiac cycle. It detects the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave which represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. The ECG can also detect abnormal heart rhythms such as bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation. The heart rate is controlled by the sinoatrial node but can be influenced by the cardioinhibitor and cardioaccelerator centers in the medulla which increase or decrease heart rate through the release of acetylcholine or norepinephrine acting on the SA and AV
The heart has four chambers divided by a septum. It pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary and systemic. Each heartbeat consists of three phases: atrial systole where the auricles contract and push blood into the ventricles, ventricular systole where the ventricles contract and pump blood out, and joint diastole where all chambers relax simultaneously. The heart beats 60-72 times per minute in adults with each cycle lasting around 1 second total.
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the human heart. It describes how the heart is located in the chest behind the lungs and tilted towards the left. It has four chambers - two atria which receive blood and two ventricles which pump blood out of the heart. The heart works through electrical signals which cause the heart walls to contract and pump blood to the lungs and body. The document also discusses how heart disease is the leading cause of death and is often caused by high cholesterol blocking arteries.
The document summarizes the development of the human cardiovascular system from early embryonic stages through adulthood. It describes how the primitive heart tube forms and begins to loop, resulting in the formation of chambers. Key events include atrial and ventricular septation, as well as the formation of valves. The conduction system and role of the heart in circulating blood is also overviewed. Throughout development, the human heart resembles that of different animal hearts as complexity increases.
Arrhythmia refers to any abnormal heart rhythm that causes the heart to beat too fast, too slowly, or irregularly, preventing it from pumping blood effectively. This can damage organs if not corrected. Arrhythmia can be caused by conditions like coronary artery disease, electrolyte imbalances, heart muscle changes after injury or surgery. There are different types of arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and premature atrial contractions. A Holter monitor continuously records heart activity over 24-48 hours to evaluate rhythms that may come and go, while cardiac catheterization provides information on heart function and identifies blockages for treatment. Both procedures generally have low risks.
The document discusses using finite element analysis to model the aortic root and understand how diastolic expansion affects coronary anomalies. It presents an idealized 3D parametric model of the aortic root created in Abaqus, including the ventriculoaortic junction, valsalva sinuses, tubular ascending aorta, and placement of the coronary arteries. Variations of the model are discussed to better represent individual patients, such as varying the coronary connection point or root shape. The analysis aims to explain the full biomechanics of how root expansion during diastole can restrict blood flow in coronary anomalies.
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system and anatomy of the heart. It discusses the key components of the heart including the four chambers, valves, layers of the heart wall, conduction system, and blood flow pathways. The cardiac cycle and factors that influence cardiac output like heart rate and stroke volume are also summarized. The learning objectives are to understand the structure and functions of the heart and cardiovascular system.
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory systems cardiac conduction notesrozemak1
The document discusses the cardiac conduction system and the path of nerve impulses through the heart to cause contraction. It describes the key parts of the conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundles that transmit signals to make the atria and ventricles contract in the correct sequence. The cardiac cycle and details of both diastole and systole are explained, including how pressure changes and valve openings cause blood to passively fill and then be ejected from the heart.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located between the lungs and behind the sternum. It has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles - and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium and pumps it into the left ventricle before ejecting it into the aorta. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium via the vena cava and is pumped into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary artery to be re-oxygenated in the lungs. The heart contracts regularly due to its own electrical conduction system.
The document discusses blood pressure and the factors that affect it. It explains that blood pressure is highest during systole when the heart ventricles contract and pump blood, and lowest during diastole when the ventricles relax. It also notes that elastic blood vessels help regulate blood pressure by stretching during systole to absorb some pumping force and gradually returning to normal size during diastole to maintain low pressure. Finally, it lists the main factors that can influence blood pressure: cardiac output, blood volume, resistance in blood vessels, and blood viscosity.
The document describes the anatomy and structure of the cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels. It details the layers that make up the heart walls and pericardium. It explains the coronary circulation that supplies blood to the heart muscle and lists the major arteries and veins involved in systemic and pulmonary circulation. Key anatomical features like heart valves and chambers are defined along with common congenital defects. Microscopic views of heart muscle and blood vessels are provided.
This document summarizes the structure and function of the heart and its specialized tissues. It discusses how the heart is a muscular pump composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It describes how cardiac muscle forms syncytium connected by intercalated discs that allow electrical signals to spread between cells. It explains that the heart is myogenic, with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node that spontaneously depolarize, initiating an electrical impulse that spreads through pathways to contract the atria and ventricles in a coordinated manner. It outlines the roles of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers in conducting the electrical signal throughout the heart.
Echocardiography, Class II, Introduction to Echocardiography - Anatomy of the heart, cardiac hemodynamic concepts, coronary arteries, coronary artery branches, coronary distribution, 17 segment model, coronary perfusion, the pathway of the heart, cardiovascular blood flow, the cardiac cycle, semilunar valve function, cardiac intrinsic function, electrophysiology of the heart, electrocardiogram, phases of the cardiac cycle (chart), cardiac output, stroke volume, preload & afterload of the heart, calculation of target heart rate
The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including:
- The heart which consists of four chambers and pumps blood through two separate pumps to the lungs and body.
- Key structures of the heart including the pericardium, papillary muscles, chordae tendinae, and heart valves.
- The conduction system which generates electrical signals to coordinate heart contractions including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and Purkinje fibers.
- Blood flow through the heart in the normal cardiac cycle with events of ventricular filling, contraction and ejection.
The cardiac cycle consists of five main mechanical events: late diastole, atrial systole, isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular ejection, and isovolumetric ventricular relaxation. During late diastole, the atrioventricular valves are open and the ventricles fill passively with blood from the atria. Atrial systole then provides a small, additional filling of the ventricles before they contract. Isovolumetric contraction occurs as the ventricles contract without a change in volume prior to the opening of the semilunar valves. Ventricular ejection follows as the ventricles pump blood into the arteries. Isovolumetric relaxation happens as the ventricles relax without a
Anatomy of heart and physiology of cardiac cycle by simhahchalamLVSimhachalam
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and cardiac cycle. It describes the heart as having four chambers that pump blood through two circulations - pulmonary and systemic. The cardiac cycle involves electrical and mechanical events in the atria and ventricles over one heartbeat, including atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole. Key phases and timing are explained. Heart sounds are produced by valve openings and closings.
The cardiac cycle refers to the alternating contraction and relaxation of the heart's chambers during one heartbeat. It involves two main phases: systole, when the ventricles contract, and diastole, when the ventricles relax and refill with blood. The cycle is precisely coordinated by electrical signals from the heart's conduction system and involves the opening and closing of valves between the chambers.
The coronary circulation refers to the blood vessels that supply and drain the heart. The heart receives its blood supply from two coronary arteries - the left and right coronary arteries. The left coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart including parts of the left atrium and ventricle. It branches into the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery. The right coronary artery supplies the right side of the heart and parts of the left side. It has branches like the right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery. Deoxygenated blood from the heart drains into the coronary sinus and other cardiac veins before emptying into the right atrium.
The heart is the center of the circulatory system and acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It has four chambers - the right and left atria which receive blood, and the right and left ventricles which pump blood out of the heart. The heart has valves that ensure blood flows in only one direction, with the right side pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.
The document provides an overview of the human circulatory system, including:
- The heart pumps blood through vessels in a double circulatory system, with the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
- The heart has four chambers, with the right atrium and ventricle pumping to the lungs and the left pumping to the body. It is located in the mediastinum.
- Blood flows through one-way valves between the atria and ventricles, and into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
- The cardiac conduction system coordinates heart chamber contractions for efficient blood flow.
5 Hidden Performance Problems for ASP.NETMatt Watson
This document provides tips for improving ASP.NET performance, including:
1. Avoiding exceptions by using TryParse methods and subscribing to first chance exceptions to find hidden exceptions.
2. Understanding how requests are serialized and deserialized to optimize payload size and customize JSON serializers.
3. Offloading SSL processing to load balancers to reduce overhead on the web server.
4. Optimizing garbage collection by avoiding large object heaps, using streams, and monitoring performance counters.
5. Going beyond SQL reports to understand real-world database performance using logging and monitoring tools.
The heart has four chambers divided by a septum. It pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary and systemic. Each heartbeat consists of three phases: atrial systole where the auricles contract and push blood into the ventricles, ventricular systole where the ventricles contract and pump blood out, and joint diastole where all chambers relax simultaneously. The heart beats 60-72 times per minute in adults with each cycle lasting around 1 second total.
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the human heart. It describes how the heart is located in the chest behind the lungs and tilted towards the left. It has four chambers - two atria which receive blood and two ventricles which pump blood out of the heart. The heart works through electrical signals which cause the heart walls to contract and pump blood to the lungs and body. The document also discusses how heart disease is the leading cause of death and is often caused by high cholesterol blocking arteries.
The document summarizes the development of the human cardiovascular system from early embryonic stages through adulthood. It describes how the primitive heart tube forms and begins to loop, resulting in the formation of chambers. Key events include atrial and ventricular septation, as well as the formation of valves. The conduction system and role of the heart in circulating blood is also overviewed. Throughout development, the human heart resembles that of different animal hearts as complexity increases.
Arrhythmia refers to any abnormal heart rhythm that causes the heart to beat too fast, too slowly, or irregularly, preventing it from pumping blood effectively. This can damage organs if not corrected. Arrhythmia can be caused by conditions like coronary artery disease, electrolyte imbalances, heart muscle changes after injury or surgery. There are different types of arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and premature atrial contractions. A Holter monitor continuously records heart activity over 24-48 hours to evaluate rhythms that may come and go, while cardiac catheterization provides information on heart function and identifies blockages for treatment. Both procedures generally have low risks.
The document discusses using finite element analysis to model the aortic root and understand how diastolic expansion affects coronary anomalies. It presents an idealized 3D parametric model of the aortic root created in Abaqus, including the ventriculoaortic junction, valsalva sinuses, tubular ascending aorta, and placement of the coronary arteries. Variations of the model are discussed to better represent individual patients, such as varying the coronary connection point or root shape. The analysis aims to explain the full biomechanics of how root expansion during diastole can restrict blood flow in coronary anomalies.
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system and anatomy of the heart. It discusses the key components of the heart including the four chambers, valves, layers of the heart wall, conduction system, and blood flow pathways. The cardiac cycle and factors that influence cardiac output like heart rate and stroke volume are also summarized. The learning objectives are to understand the structure and functions of the heart and cardiovascular system.
Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory systems cardiac conduction notesrozemak1
The document discusses the cardiac conduction system and the path of nerve impulses through the heart to cause contraction. It describes the key parts of the conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundles that transmit signals to make the atria and ventricles contract in the correct sequence. The cardiac cycle and details of both diastole and systole are explained, including how pressure changes and valve openings cause blood to passively fill and then be ejected from the heart.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located between the lungs and behind the sternum. It has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles - and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium and pumps it into the left ventricle before ejecting it into the aorta. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium via the vena cava and is pumped into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary artery to be re-oxygenated in the lungs. The heart contracts regularly due to its own electrical conduction system.
The document discusses blood pressure and the factors that affect it. It explains that blood pressure is highest during systole when the heart ventricles contract and pump blood, and lowest during diastole when the ventricles relax. It also notes that elastic blood vessels help regulate blood pressure by stretching during systole to absorb some pumping force and gradually returning to normal size during diastole to maintain low pressure. Finally, it lists the main factors that can influence blood pressure: cardiac output, blood volume, resistance in blood vessels, and blood viscosity.
The document describes the anatomy and structure of the cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels. It details the layers that make up the heart walls and pericardium. It explains the coronary circulation that supplies blood to the heart muscle and lists the major arteries and veins involved in systemic and pulmonary circulation. Key anatomical features like heart valves and chambers are defined along with common congenital defects. Microscopic views of heart muscle and blood vessels are provided.
This document summarizes the structure and function of the heart and its specialized tissues. It discusses how the heart is a muscular pump composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It describes how cardiac muscle forms syncytium connected by intercalated discs that allow electrical signals to spread between cells. It explains that the heart is myogenic, with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node that spontaneously depolarize, initiating an electrical impulse that spreads through pathways to contract the atria and ventricles in a coordinated manner. It outlines the roles of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers in conducting the electrical signal throughout the heart.
Echocardiography, Class II, Introduction to Echocardiography - Anatomy of the heart, cardiac hemodynamic concepts, coronary arteries, coronary artery branches, coronary distribution, 17 segment model, coronary perfusion, the pathway of the heart, cardiovascular blood flow, the cardiac cycle, semilunar valve function, cardiac intrinsic function, electrophysiology of the heart, electrocardiogram, phases of the cardiac cycle (chart), cardiac output, stroke volume, preload & afterload of the heart, calculation of target heart rate
The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including:
- The heart which consists of four chambers and pumps blood through two separate pumps to the lungs and body.
- Key structures of the heart including the pericardium, papillary muscles, chordae tendinae, and heart valves.
- The conduction system which generates electrical signals to coordinate heart contractions including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and Purkinje fibers.
- Blood flow through the heart in the normal cardiac cycle with events of ventricular filling, contraction and ejection.
The cardiac cycle consists of five main mechanical events: late diastole, atrial systole, isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular ejection, and isovolumetric ventricular relaxation. During late diastole, the atrioventricular valves are open and the ventricles fill passively with blood from the atria. Atrial systole then provides a small, additional filling of the ventricles before they contract. Isovolumetric contraction occurs as the ventricles contract without a change in volume prior to the opening of the semilunar valves. Ventricular ejection follows as the ventricles pump blood into the arteries. Isovolumetric relaxation happens as the ventricles relax without a
Anatomy of heart and physiology of cardiac cycle by simhahchalamLVSimhachalam
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and cardiac cycle. It describes the heart as having four chambers that pump blood through two circulations - pulmonary and systemic. The cardiac cycle involves electrical and mechanical events in the atria and ventricles over one heartbeat, including atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole. Key phases and timing are explained. Heart sounds are produced by valve openings and closings.
The cardiac cycle refers to the alternating contraction and relaxation of the heart's chambers during one heartbeat. It involves two main phases: systole, when the ventricles contract, and diastole, when the ventricles relax and refill with blood. The cycle is precisely coordinated by electrical signals from the heart's conduction system and involves the opening and closing of valves between the chambers.
The coronary circulation refers to the blood vessels that supply and drain the heart. The heart receives its blood supply from two coronary arteries - the left and right coronary arteries. The left coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart including parts of the left atrium and ventricle. It branches into the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery. The right coronary artery supplies the right side of the heart and parts of the left side. It has branches like the right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery. Deoxygenated blood from the heart drains into the coronary sinus and other cardiac veins before emptying into the right atrium.
The heart is the center of the circulatory system and acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It has four chambers - the right and left atria which receive blood, and the right and left ventricles which pump blood out of the heart. The heart has valves that ensure blood flows in only one direction, with the right side pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.
The document provides an overview of the human circulatory system, including:
- The heart pumps blood through vessels in a double circulatory system, with the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
- The heart has four chambers, with the right atrium and ventricle pumping to the lungs and the left pumping to the body. It is located in the mediastinum.
- Blood flows through one-way valves between the atria and ventricles, and into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
- The cardiac conduction system coordinates heart chamber contractions for efficient blood flow.
5 Hidden Performance Problems for ASP.NETMatt Watson
This document provides tips for improving ASP.NET performance, including:
1. Avoiding exceptions by using TryParse methods and subscribing to first chance exceptions to find hidden exceptions.
2. Understanding how requests are serialized and deserialized to optimize payload size and customize JSON serializers.
3. Offloading SSL processing to load balancers to reduce overhead on the web server.
4. Optimizing garbage collection by avoiding large object heaps, using streams, and monitoring performance counters.
5. Going beyond SQL reports to understand real-world database performance using logging and monitoring tools.
Pinterest is an excellent platform to promote your business and make your brand's online presence strongly felt. The slides in this presentation explain the top 6 tips to market your brand on Pinterest.
Este documento presenta 5 problemas de programación lineal para maximizar utilidades o minimizar costos relacionados con la mezcla y producción de productos. Los problemas involucran variables como ingredientes, costos, requerimientos nutricionales, disponibilidad de materiales y demanda de productos. Se pide formular modelos de programación lineal para cada problema y encontrar soluciones óptimas que cumplan con las restricciones planteadas. Adicionalmente, se presentan ejercicios resueltos utilizando el método simplex para problemas de programación lineal.
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Topicos selectos de computacion administrativa ti09311Maestros Online
Este documento presenta información sobre un servicio de asesoría y resolución de ejercicios de ciencias. Se ofrece apoyo en tópicos selectos de computación y administración, así como en la solución de ejercicios. Los interesados pueden solicitar una cotización a través del correo electrónico ciencias_help@hotmail.com o visitar el sitio web www.maestronline.com para obtener más detalles sobre este servicio tutorial.
Pronostico para la toma de decisiones ma9108 sep2012Maestros Online
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Administración del servicio en las tecnologias de informacionMaestros Online
Este documento presenta cuatro actividades integradoras relacionadas con servicios de tecnologías de información. La primera actividad describe tres servicios (adquirir boletos en Ticket Master, admisión a Harvard, solicitud de reposición bancaria) y pide analizar sus características, métricas de calidad y procesos. La segunda actividad describe una cadena minorista que desea implementar un sistema de punto de venta y pide diseñar la visión estratégica, el sistema y considerar outsourcing. La tercera actividad describe un servicio de soporte univers
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Este documento ofrece servicios de asesoría y resolución de ejercicios de ciencias a través del correo electrónico ciencias_help@hotmail.com. Incluye instrucciones para varias tareas de ciencias que requieren investigación en internet, completar tablas y realizar estructuras de archivos en el sistema operativo. El documento también presenta ejercicios de programación en C++ sobre tipos de datos, declaración de variables, entrada y salida de datos.
Este documento proporciona información sobre un servicio de asesoría y resolución de ejercicios de ciencias. Incluye la dirección de correo electrónico y página web del servicio, así como instrucciones para solicitar una cotización. Además, contiene varias instrucciones para realizar actividades relacionadas con temas de administración estratégica, marketing, finanzas y operaciones.
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Cardiovascular surgery involves repairing or improving cardiac issues that cannot be treated with drugs or minor procedures. The goal is often to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, rather than completely resolving the problem. Common procedures include vascular bypass surgery to redirect blood flow around blockages, heart valve surgery to repair or replace diseased valves, and heart transplants to replace a disabled heart. Pacemakers are also used to treat irregular or slow heart rhythms through electrical signals. These surgeries aim to treat issues like coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
The heart is the vital organ in the human being. A healthy heart is a key to healthy living. India is the ideal destination for heart surgery because of cost-effectiveness and the efficiency of healthcare professionals in the surgical procedures.
Surgical procedures are well practiced and the success rate in the journey is very high. When compared to the developed countries like the USA, UK, Japan and Singapore the factors like cost-saving and low waiting line makes India a perfect destination for treatment of diseases related to heart.
A heart transplant, or cardiac transplant, is a surgical procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease when other treatments have failed. The donor heart is matched to the recipient by blood type and body size. During the surgery, which lasts around four hours, the recipient's heart is removed and replaced with the donor heart. After the transplant, the recipient must take immunosuppressive medications to prevent rejection of the new heart. Recovery from a heart transplant can take up to six months.
A heart transplant involves removing a diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart. It is a complex three-stage surgery where the donor heart is first removed, then the recipient's heart, and finally the donor heart is implanted. After surgery, patients undergo rehabilitation and lifelong immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection while monitoring for complications. Though risky, transplant significantly increases survival for end-stage heart failure patients compared to just medical treatment.
A typical heart transplantation begins when a suitable donor heart is identified. The heart comes from a recently deceased or brain dead donor, also called a beating heart cadaver. The patient is contacted by a nurse coordinator and instructed to come to the hospital for evaluation and pre-surgical medication. At the same time, the heart is removed from the donor and inspected by a team of surgeons to see if it is in suitable condition.
Different Types of Heart Surgery Every Patient Should Know AboutMax Healthcare
The term bypass indicates a new route that is surgically created within the heart to ensure flow of oxygen and blood to the heart. A bypass needs to be treated when the heart is blocked because of coronary artery disease (angina).
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This document provides information about heart valve disease, symptoms, and repair or replacement procedures. It describes the location and function of the aortic and mitral valves. Aortic valve replacement is done to treat narrowing or leakage, while mitral valve repair is an open heart surgery for similar issues. Valve repair aims to correct malfunction, but replacement is needed when repair is not possible. Replacement can involve mechanical or biological valves. The risks, advantages, and surgical options for heart valve procedures are also summarized.
surgeries involved in cardiovascular department:angioplasty,atherectomy,cardiomyoplasty,coronary artery bypass grafting, transmyocardial revascularization , myectomy , heart valve repair or replacement, artificial heart valve surgery, arrhythymia treatment, aneurysm repair, heart transplant, surgery to place total artificial hearts: open heart surgery, off pump heart surgery, minimally invasive heart surgery
The document describes the anatomy of the heart and how blood flows through its four chambers - the right and left atria and ventricles. It then provides instructions for what to do if experiencing a heart attack alone, advising repeated deep coughing to keep blood circulating and help the heart regain its rhythm until help arrives. Finally, it discusses different types of heart surgery like coronary artery bypass grafting and valve repair or replacement, and how newer minimally invasive techniques are reducing risks compared to traditional open-heart surgery.
A heart transplant involves surgically removing a diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart. The first successful heart transplant was performed in 1967 in South Africa. While the recipient lived 18 days, subsequent improvements allowed longer survival times. Today, heart transplants are performed to treat heart failure from conditions like cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease when other treatments are no longer effective. The standard transplant procedure involves removing the recipient's heart and sewing the donor heart into place in an operation called orthotopic implantation. Careful screening of donor hearts and lifelong immunosuppression are required for success.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed due to plaque buildup within the arteries over many years. This reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle. CAD is diagnosed using tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, echocardiograms, and heart scans. Treatment options include medications to improve blood flow, angioplasty to widen narrowed arteries using a balloon catheter, stents to prop open the arteries, or atherectomy using a tiny drill to remove plaque. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and managing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can help prevent and manage CAD.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed due to plaque buildup within the arteries over many years. This reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. CAD has certain unmodifiable risk factors like age, gender and family history, but also modifiable ones like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity and smoking. Diagnostic tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, echocardiograms and heart scans can detect CAD. Cardiac catheterization involves threading a catheter into the heart to take pictures of the coronary arteries and measure pressure. Angioplasty and stenting can then be used to open blocked arteries and improve blood
Norman Shumway pioneered heart transplantation surgery. He performed the first adult-to-adult heart transplant in the United States in 1968 at Stanford University, building on techniques he developed with Richard Lower. Heart transplantation involves removing a donor heart and surgically implanting it to replace a patient's failing heart. It can significantly extend life for patients with end-stage heart failure, though anti-rejection drugs are needed lifelong and complications can occur.
Artificial organ- any machine, device, or other material that is used to replace the functions of a faulty or missing organ or other part of the human body
The devices are human-made, whereas the living replacement parts can be obtained from the patient, a relative, a human cadaver, or a live animal or can be prospectively developed through genetic engineering.
The concept that a disease state may be addressed not only by returning the malfunctioning organ to health using chemical agents or physical means but also by replacing the missing function with a natural or an artificial counterpart has brought about a revolution in therapeutics.
It is considerably more effective than drug therapy or corrective surgery in the treatment of many conditions, e.g., cardiac valve disease, heart block, malignant arrhythmia, arterial obstruction, cataract.
Artificial organs can be located outside of the body yet attached to it (paracorporeal prostheses or assist devices) or implanted inside the body in a appropriate location (internal artificial organs or implants).
The application of artificial organs may be temporary, i.e., a bridge procedure to sustain life or a specific biologic activity while waiting for either recovery of natural function (e.g., the heart-lung machine), or permanent organ replacement (e.g., left ventricular assist devices).
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This document discusses organ transplantation techniques at Orenburg State Medical University. It defines different types of transplants including autograft, allograft, isograft, xenograft, split transplant, and domino transplant. It provides details on major organs that can be transplanted, such as heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. The document discusses organ donation and procurement methods. It also describes transplantation techniques and outcomes for different organs like heart, lungs, and liver. New organ preservation technologies aim to better maintain organ function outside the body to increase transplantation success rates.
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Living donor liver transplantation involves a living person donating part of their healthy liver to a recipient in need of a transplant. The donated portion grows back to full size in both the donor and recipient within a short period of time. Potential living donors must undergo extensive medical evaluation to ensure the safety of both the donor and recipient. The surgery involves removing a portion of the donor's liver, usually the left lateral segment or right lobe, and implanting it into the recipient to replace their diseased liver. Both procedures take several hours to complete.
This document discusses non-infectious diseases, specifically coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. It describes how atherosclerosis develops as fatty deposits build up in artery walls, restricting blood flow. This can lead to heart attacks, angina, or cardiac arrest if arteries become fully blocked. The document outlines treatments for coronary heart disease like angioplasty, bypass surgery, medications, and in rare cases, heart transplants. It also examines risk factors for developing heart disease and the global distribution and costs of treating cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiac catheterization is an invasive imaging procedure used to evaluate heart function and diagnose coronary artery disease. During the procedure, a catheter is inserted into an artery and threaded to the heart to take images of blood flow and heart function. It can be used to diagnose issues, evaluate blockages, and place stents. After the procedure, patients need to rest and avoid activity to prevent bleeding complications. Recovery may involve medications and cardiac rehabilitation to improve heart health.
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2. What is a Heart Transplant?
A heart transplant is surgery to remove a person's diseased heart and replace it with a
healthy heart from a deceased donor. Most heart transplants are done on patients who have
end-stage heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is damaged or weak.
3. What happens during a heart transplant?
A heart transplant requires open heart surgery and a stay in a hospital. Procedures
may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider's practice.
4. The donor heart’s left atrium is sewn onto recipient's left atrium
The surgeon will begin by exposing the chest cavity through a cut in the ribcage. The surgeon will
then open the pericardium (a membrane that covers the entire heart) in order to remove your
diseased heart. The back part of your own left atrium will be left in place, but the rest of the heart
will be removed.
5. The donor heart’s right atrium is sewn onto the superior and inferior vena cava.
Your new heart will be carefully trimmed and sewn to fit the remaining parts of your
old heart. This transplant method is called an "Orthotopic procedure". This is the
most common method used to transplant hearts.
6. The transplanted heart with sutures
You will be given medications both before and during the operation to prevent you from
rejecting the new heart. After the operation, you will be taken to a special unit and
hospital floor for recovery.
7. Conclusion
You will stay in the hospital until your doctor believes you are ready to go home. How long you stay in the
hospital will depend on the following factors:
Your health
How well the new heart is working
Your ability to learn to take care of your new heart transplant
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