This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS). It defines KERS as a system that stores kinetic energy during vehicle braking and returns it to provide a power boost during acceleration. It describes the basic elements of KERS including a motor/generator unit, power control unit, and batteries or flywheel for energy storage. It discusses two main types of KERS - electrical and mechanical. Electrical KERS converts kinetic energy to electrical energy for storage while mechanical KERS uses a flywheel. It concludes that KERS can improve vehicle performance and efficiency.
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
regenerative breaking is energy conversion method .by using conventional braking more energy is lossed in the form of heat by using this we can convert this energy into usefull forms
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
Battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, conventional vehicle and now fuel cell vehicles. With the advancement of technology new inventions have been made in auto industry in past few years. Do you know what fuel cell vehicle is? This presentation attributes the features of fuel cell vehicles and how it differs from battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric and conventional vehicles. Also have some light on its feasibility and merits & demerits.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
in this ppt given information is Regenerative braking technology funnels the energy created by the braking process back into the system in the form of charging the battery for further use
In a regenerative braking system the energy normally lost in the braking process is transferred to the generator from the rotating axel and then transferred to the battery, thus saving energy
Give suggestion in comment
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
The growth and development of motor vehicles were faster than human population. The attention on electric hybrid vehicle was focused in the wake of search for alternative non petroleum fuels. In the electrical car the engine is replaced by an electric motor, fuel cells, etc.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of kinetic energy recovery systems is slowly becoming better through improvements in batteries, hydraulic pumps, and flywheels. Many of these systems are currently used in Formula 1 race cars because they enable these cars to achieve higher acceleration and longer times between pit stops. For consumers, flywheels may become the energy storage technology of choice for vehicles particularly as improvements in carbon nanotubes and graphene occur.
The rates of improvement for energy and power storage densities for batteries have been very slow and those of flywheels have been much faster. One of the reasons for the rapid improvements in the densities for flywheels is that improvements in the strength per weight of materials have enabled faster rotations and the storage densities are a function of rotation velocities squared. As shown in the slides, carbon fiber has about four times the strength to weight ratio and seven times the energy density of glass. Since carbon nanotubes have strength to weight ratios 15 times higher and graphene has ones 30 times higher than do carbon fiber, energy storage densities of 120,000 kJ/kg or 33.6 kWh are possible with graphene. This energy density is about 100 times higher than is currently available from lithium-ion batteries.
regenerative breaking is energy conversion method .by using conventional braking more energy is lossed in the form of heat by using this we can convert this energy into usefull forms
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
Battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, conventional vehicle and now fuel cell vehicles. With the advancement of technology new inventions have been made in auto industry in past few years. Do you know what fuel cell vehicle is? This presentation attributes the features of fuel cell vehicles and how it differs from battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric and conventional vehicles. Also have some light on its feasibility and merits & demerits.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
in this ppt given information is Regenerative braking technology funnels the energy created by the braking process back into the system in the form of charging the battery for further use
In a regenerative braking system the energy normally lost in the braking process is transferred to the generator from the rotating axel and then transferred to the battery, thus saving energy
Give suggestion in comment
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
The growth and development of motor vehicles were faster than human population. The attention on electric hybrid vehicle was focused in the wake of search for alternative non petroleum fuels. In the electrical car the engine is replaced by an electric motor, fuel cells, etc.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of kinetic energy recovery systems is slowly becoming better through improvements in batteries, hydraulic pumps, and flywheels. Many of these systems are currently used in Formula 1 race cars because they enable these cars to achieve higher acceleration and longer times between pit stops. For consumers, flywheels may become the energy storage technology of choice for vehicles particularly as improvements in carbon nanotubes and graphene occur.
The rates of improvement for energy and power storage densities for batteries have been very slow and those of flywheels have been much faster. One of the reasons for the rapid improvements in the densities for flywheels is that improvements in the strength per weight of materials have enabled faster rotations and the storage densities are a function of rotation velocities squared. As shown in the slides, carbon fiber has about four times the strength to weight ratio and seven times the energy density of glass. Since carbon nanotubes have strength to weight ratios 15 times higher and graphene has ones 30 times higher than do carbon fiber, energy storage densities of 120,000 kJ/kg or 33.6 kWh are possible with graphene. This energy density is about 100 times higher than is currently available from lithium-ion batteries.
kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking. The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir (for example a flywheel or high voltage batteries) for later use under acceleration.
A kinetic energy recovery system (often known simply as KERS, or kers) is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking. The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir (for example a flywheel or high voltage batteries) for later use under acceleration
This ppt is on regenerative braking in electric vehicle.Electric vehicles, or EVs for short, are becoming more and more popular as an alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. These cars are powered by an electric motor that is run on electricity stored in rechargeable batteries, rather than by burning fossil fuels. The batteries are typically lithium-ion, which is the same type of battery found in smartphones and laptops.
The first electric cars were developed in the mid-19th century, but it wasn't until the late 20th century that they began to be developed on a larger scale. The biggest factor driving the development of EVs has been concern over the environmental impact of gasoline-powered vehicles. While gasoline-powered cars produce emissions such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, meaning that they do not contribute to air pollution.
There are two main types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs run entirely on electricity and have no gasoline engine, while PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, allowing them to run on electricity for short distances before switching to gasoline for longer trips.
The biggest advantage of electric vehicles is their environmental impact. By producing zero tailpipe emissions, EVs help to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This is especially important as the transportation sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions globally. EVs also reduce dependence on oil and can help to stabilize fuel prices.
Another advantage of electric vehicles is their lower operating costs. While the upfront cost of an electric vehicle is typically higher than a gasoline-powered car, the cost of fueling and maintaining an EV is lower. Electricity is cheaper than gasoline, and EVs require less maintenance than traditional cars because they have fewer moving parts.
One of the biggest challenges facing electric vehicles is range anxiety. Unlike gasoline-powered cars, which can be refueled in a matter of minutes, electric vehicles require charging, which can take hours. This means that drivers must carefully plan their trips to ensure that they have enough charge to get to their destination. However, advances in battery technology are making it possible for EVs to travel further on a single charge, reducing range anxiety.
Another challenge facing electric vehicles is the availability of charging infrastructure. While gasoline stations are ubiquitous, charging stations are still relatively rare, especially in rural areas. However, governments and private companies are working to install more charging stations to make it easier for EV drivers to charge their cars.
Despite these challenges, the popularity of electric vehicles is increasing rapidly.
A Case Study on Hybrid Electric Vehicles.pdfbagulibibidh
A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a modern combination of an internal combustion
engine (ICE) and an electric propulsion system (hybrid drivetrain). The electric
powertrain is used in an HEV to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional
vehicle for better performance. HEVs can be classified according to powertrain,
hybridization, and Energy Management Systems (EMS). Modern HEVs use energy-
efficiency technologies such as regenerative braking that converts the vehicles kinetic
energy into electric energy that is stored in battery or supercapacitors. The battery is
connected to an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and a BMS (Battery Management
System). To maintain the cooling of the engine and BMS it is connected to a coolant.
In this case study we are going to study about the following things in an HEV :-
1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) subsystems
2. Toyota Prius Powertrain
3. Transmission system in HEV
4. Use of Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
(PMSM)
5. The steering system
6. Braking system in HEV with regeneration
7. Suspension system with construction, working, type and necessity
Similar to kinetic energy recovery system (all types of KERS ) (20)
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Tutorial for 16S rRNA Gene Analysis with QIIME2.pdf
kinetic energy recovery system (all types of KERS )
1. A Seminar on
Kinetic Energy
Recovery System
(KERS)
PRESENTED BY-MR.LOHAR PRASAD MADHAV
GUIDED BY-PROF.AMIT KUMAR
DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
EXAM SEAT NO-T121150877
P.K.TECHNICAL CAMPUS,PUNE
2. CONTENTS
KERS- INTRODUCTION
BASIC ELEMENTS
WORKING PRINCIPLE
TYPES OF KERS
ELECTRICAL KERS
MECHANICAL KERS
ADVANTAGES OF KERS
APPLICATIONS OF KERS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
3. KERS EXPLAINED
KERS is a collection of parts which takes some of
the kinetic energy of a vehicle under deceleration,
stores this energy and then releases this stored
energy back into the drive train of the vehicle,
providing a power boost to that vehicle.
For the driver, it is like having two power sources
at his disposal, one of the power sources is the
engine while the other is the stored kinetic energy.
4. WHAT IS KERS?
The acronym KERS stands for Kinetic Energy Recovery System.
Kinetic energy recovery systems (KERS) store energy when the
vehicle is braking and return it when accelerating.
During braking, energy is wasted because kinetic energy is mostly
converted into heat energy or sometimes sound energy that is
dissipated into the environment.
Vehicles with KERS are able to harness some of this kinetic energy
and in doing so will assist in braking.
By a touch of a button, this stored energy is converted back into
kinetic energy giving the vehicle extra boost of power.
5. BASIC ELEMENTS OF KERS
First, a way to store and then return energy to the
power train and
Second, a place to store this energy.
In essence a KERS systems is simple, you need a
component for generating the power, one for storing
it and another to control it all. Thus KERS systems
have three main components: The MGU, the PCU
and the batteries/flywheel.
6. MGU (MOTOR/GENERATOR
UNIT)
While a motor-generator set may consist of distinct motor and
generator machines coupled together, a single unit motor-
generator will have both rotor coils of the motor and the generator
wound around a single rotor, and both coils share the same outer
field coils or magnets Working in two modes, the MGU both
creates the power for the batteries when the car is braking, then
return the power from the batteries to add power directly to the
engine, when the KERS button is deployed.
7. PCU (Power Control Unit)
It serves two purposes, firstly to invert & control
the switching of current from the batteries to the
MGU and secondly to monitor the status of the
individual cells with the battery. Managing the
battery is critical as the efficiency of a pack of Li-
ion cells will drop if one cell starts to fail. A failing
cell can overheat rapidly and cause safety issues.
As with all KERS components the PCU needs
cooling.
8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Basically, it’s working principle involves storing the energy
involved with deceleration and using it for acceleration. That is,
when a car breaks, it dissipates a lot of kinetic energy as heat.
The KERS tries to store this energy and converts this into
power, that can be used to boost acceleration.
A standard KERS operates by a ‘charge cycle and a ‘boost
cycle’. As the car slows for a corner, an actuator unit captures
the waste kinetic energy from the rear brakes. This collected
kinetic energy is then passed to a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
and onto the storage unit. The storage unit are positioned
centrally to minimize the impact on the balance of the car.
9.
10. TYPES OF KERS
There are two basic types of KERS systems:
Electrical
Mechanical
The main difference between them is in the way they convert
the energy and how that energy is stored within the vehicle.
11. ELECTRICAL KERS
In electrical KERS, braking rotational force is captured by an
electric motor / generator unit (MGU) mounted to the engines
crankshaft.
This MGU takes the electrical energy that it converts from
kinetic energy and stores it in batteries. The boost button then
summons the electrical energy in the batteries to power the
MGU.
The most difficult part in designing electrical KERS is how to
store the electrical energy. Most racing systems use a lithium
battery, which is essentially a large mobile phone battery.
12. Batteries become hot when charging them so many of
the KERS cars have more cooling ducts since charging
will occur multiple times throughout a race.
Super-capacitors can also be used to store electrical
energy instead of batteries; they run cooler and are
debatably more efficient.
14. MECHANICAL KERS
The concept of transferring the vehicle’s kinetic energy using flywheel energy
storage was postulated by physicist Richard Feynman in the 1950.
The mechanical KERS system has a flywheel as the energy storage device and it
does away with MGUs by replacing them with a transmission to control and
transfer the energy to and from the driveline.
The kinetic energy of the vehicle ends up as kinetic energy of a rotating
flywheel through the use of shafts and gears.
Unlike electrical KERS, this method of storage prevents the need to transform
energy from one type to another. Each energy conversion in electrical KERS
brings its own losses and the overall efficiency is poor compared to mechanical
storage.
To cope with the continuous change in speed ratio between the flywheel and
road-wheels, a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is used, which is
managed by an electro-hydraulic control system. A clutch allows disengagement
of the device when not in use.
15. MECHANICAL KERS
Braking at the wheels dissipates the kinetic energy of the vehicle
that is therefore completely lost. Conversely, KERS may store the
kinetic energy of the vehicle during braking and return it under
acceleration.
The system utilizes a flywheel as the energy storage device and a
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) to transfer energy to
and from the driveline to the rotating flywheel.
The transfer of the vehicle kinetic energy to the flywheel kinetic
energy reduces the speed of the vehicle and increases the speed of
the flywheel. The transfer of the flywheel kinetic energy to the
vehicle kinetic energy reduces the speed of the flywheel and
increases the speed of the vehicle.
The CVT is used because the ratios of vehicle and flywheel speed
are different during a braking or an acceleration event. can change
sleeplessly through an infinite number of effective gear ratios
between maximum and minimum values. This contrasts with other
mechanical transmissions that offer a fixed number of gear ratios.
17. ADVANTANGE OF MECHANICAL
KERS OVER ELECTRICAL KERS
Battery-based electric hybrid systems require a
number of energy conversions each with
corresponding efficiency losses. On reapplication
of the energy to the driveline, the global energy
conversion efficiency is 31–34%. The mechanical
hybrid system storing energy mechanically in a
rotating fly wheel eliminates the various energy
conversions and provides a global energy
conversion efficiency exceeding 70%, more than
twice the efficiency of an electric system.
18. ADVANTAGES OF KERS
This potential advantages and features of this
technology in the field of automobiles are:
High power capability
Light weight and small size
Long system life of upto 250,000 kms
Completely safe
A truly green solution
High efficiency storage and recovery
Low embedded carbon content
19. CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF
KERS
A consortium led by a Jaguar Land Rover is developing a
flywheel-hybrid system that it says boosts performance by 60
kilowatts (about 80 horsepower) while improving fuel
efficiency 20 percent. Jaguar is testing its purely mechanical
flywheel system, which reportedly weighs 143 pounds, in an
prototype XF sedan.
At the 2011North American International Auto Show Porsche
unveiled a RSR variant of their Porsche 918 concept car
which uses a flywheel-based KERS system that sits beside the
driver in the passenger compartment and boosts the dual
electric motors driving the front wheels and the 565 BHP V8
gasoline engine driving the rear to a combined power output
of 767 BHP.
20. CONCLUSION
It’s a technology for the present and the future because it’s
environment-friendly, reduces emissions, has a low
production cost, increases efficiency and is highly
customizable and modifiable. Adoption of a KERS may
permit regenerative braking and engine downsizing as a
means of improving efficiency and hence reducing fuel
consumption and CO2 emissions.
The KERS have major areas of development in power density,
life, simplicity, effectiveness and first and foremost the costs
of the device. Applications are being considered for small,
mass-production passenger cars, as well as luxury cars, buses
and trucks.
21. REFERENCE
Sreevalsan S Menon, “Design And Analysis Of Kinetic Energy Recovery System In
Bicycles”, Vol. 2, Issue 8, August 2013, International Journal of Innovative Research
in Science, Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-8753 [1] pp 1029
Kevin Ludlum, “Optimizing Flywheel Design for use as a Kinetic Energy Recovery
System for a Bicycle”, 3/6/13 [2] pp 1029
Alberto. Boretti, “A fun-to-drive, economic and environmental friendly mobility
solution”, Journal of power technologies 93 (4) -2013 pp 1030
Mugunthan, U. Nijanthan, “Design & Fabrication of Mechanism for Recovery of
Kinetic Energy in Bicycle Using Flywheel”, ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified
Journal, Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2015, International Journal of Emerging Technology
and Advanced Engineering pp 1029