A kinetic energy recovery system (often known simply as KERS, or kers) is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking. The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir (for example a flywheel or high voltage batteries) for later use under acceleration
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of kinetic energy recovery systems is slowly becoming better through improvements in batteries, hydraulic pumps, and flywheels. Many of these systems are currently used in Formula 1 race cars because they enable these cars to achieve higher acceleration and longer times between pit stops. For consumers, flywheels may become the energy storage technology of choice for vehicles particularly as improvements in carbon nanotubes and graphene occur.
The rates of improvement for energy and power storage densities for batteries have been very slow and those of flywheels have been much faster. One of the reasons for the rapid improvements in the densities for flywheels is that improvements in the strength per weight of materials have enabled faster rotations and the storage densities are a function of rotation velocities squared. As shown in the slides, carbon fiber has about four times the strength to weight ratio and seven times the energy density of glass. Since carbon nanotubes have strength to weight ratios 15 times higher and graphene has ones 30 times higher than do carbon fiber, energy storage densities of 120,000 kJ/kg or 33.6 kWh are possible with graphene. This energy density is about 100 times higher than is currently available from lithium-ion batteries.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM (KERS) IN BICYCLE IAEME Publication
Kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is a technology used in formula-1 cars for recovering the energy lost in braking of the car and thus providing boost to the vehicle motion. Same
concept i.e. regenerative braking can be applied in bicycle which uses a flywheel which will be mounted between the frames of the bicycle, the flywheel can store the braking energy by rotating and this energy can be given back to the system which will reduce the pedaling power required to drive
the bicycle.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of kinetic energy recovery systems is slowly becoming better through improvements in batteries, hydraulic pumps, and flywheels. Many of these systems are currently used in Formula 1 race cars because they enable these cars to achieve higher acceleration and longer times between pit stops. For consumers, flywheels may become the energy storage technology of choice for vehicles particularly as improvements in carbon nanotubes and graphene occur.
The rates of improvement for energy and power storage densities for batteries have been very slow and those of flywheels have been much faster. One of the reasons for the rapid improvements in the densities for flywheels is that improvements in the strength per weight of materials have enabled faster rotations and the storage densities are a function of rotation velocities squared. As shown in the slides, carbon fiber has about four times the strength to weight ratio and seven times the energy density of glass. Since carbon nanotubes have strength to weight ratios 15 times higher and graphene has ones 30 times higher than do carbon fiber, energy storage densities of 120,000 kJ/kg or 33.6 kWh are possible with graphene. This energy density is about 100 times higher than is currently available from lithium-ion batteries.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM (KERS) IN BICYCLE IAEME Publication
Kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is a technology used in formula-1 cars for recovering the energy lost in braking of the car and thus providing boost to the vehicle motion. Same
concept i.e. regenerative braking can be applied in bicycle which uses a flywheel which will be mounted between the frames of the bicycle, the flywheel can store the braking energy by rotating and this energy can be given back to the system which will reduce the pedaling power required to drive
the bicycle.
regenerative breaking is energy conversion method .by using conventional braking more energy is lossed in the form of heat by using this we can convert this energy into usefull forms
making a review seminar on the topic of flywheel energy storage system. For easy to learn about the flywheel energy storage system . this presentation making from the one ieee standard research paper on the flywheel energy storage system
regenerative breaking is energy conversion method .by using conventional braking more energy is lossed in the form of heat by using this we can convert this energy into usefull forms
making a review seminar on the topic of flywheel energy storage system. For easy to learn about the flywheel energy storage system . this presentation making from the one ieee standard research paper on the flywheel energy storage system
The KERS stands for Kinetic energy recovery system.
The device recovers the energy that is present in the waste heat created by the car’s braking process.
This presentation describes the complete working of flywheel based Kinetic Energy recovery system. It is used in racing cars like F1 and other racing cars.
Exhaust Heat Management By Ceramic Coatings in Formula oneAkheel Ahamed
This is an application of Ceramic Coating in the field of Automotive , Especially in Formula One . The exhaust system to be shielded to protect the heat damage to the nearby carbon fiber parts. for this reason Ceramic Coating is done.
Special thanks to company Zircotech for this technology.
kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking. The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir (for example a flywheel or high voltage batteries) for later use under acceleration.
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Hybrid cars are definitely more environmentally friendly than internal-combustion vehicles. Batteries are being engineered to have a long life. When the hybrid cars become more widespread, battery recycling will become economically possible. Research into other energy sources such as fuel cells and renewable fuels make the future look brighter for hybrid cars. EVs, HEVs, FCHVs, and PHEVs have proven to be ineffective solution for current energy and environment concerns. With revolutionary contributions of power electronics and ESSs, electric drive trains totally or partially replace ICEs in these vehicles. Advanced ESSs are aimed at satisfying the energy requirements of hybrid power trains.
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The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
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1. NEW HORIZON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
: KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY
SYSTEM (KERS)
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING
Department of Automobile Engineering
NHCE
SUBMITTED BY
HARSHITH R SHETTY
1
1
2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO KERS
KERS-HISTORY
WORKING PRINCIPLE
BASIC ELEMENTS OF KERS
TYPES OF KERS
KERS IN FORMULA ONE
FEATURES OF KERS IN F1
ADVANTAGES OF KERS
LIMITATIONS OF KERS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
2
3. INTRODUCTION TO KERS
The acronym KERS stands for Kinetic
Energy Recovery System.
KERS is a collection of parts which takes
some of the kinetic energy of a vehicle
under deceleration, stores this energy and
then releases this stored energy back into
the drive train of the vehicle, providing a
power boost to that vehicle.
For the driver, it is like having two power
sources at his disposal, one of the power
sources is the engine while the other is the
stored kinetic energy.
d
3
4. KERS-HISTORY
In development since 90’s . It was first
introduced to the general public through
the 2009 series of Formula one motor
sport.
KERS builders, Flybrid Systems
demonstrated a working Formula One-
spec device at the Autosport International
show. (24kg , 400kj energy capacity,
power boost-60kw).
FIA introduced KERS in 2009 series to
Increase Overtaking and also as defensive
tool to block faster car
But many F1 teams Opposed it , as it was
an Expensive system, so it was banned in
2010 season
But with improvements and increase in
manufacturers for KERS it was
reintroduced in 2011.
4
5. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Basically, it’s working principle involves storing the energy
involved with deceleration and using it for acceleration. That
is, when a car breaks, it dissipates a lot of kinetic energy as
heat. The KERS tries to store this energy and converts this
into power, that can be used to boost acceleration.
A standard KERS operates by a ‘charge cycle and a ‘boost
cycle’. As the car slows for a corner, an actuator unit captures
the waste kinetic energy from the rear brakes. This collected
kinetic energy is then passed to a Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and onto the storage unit. The storage unit are
positioned centrally to minimize the impact on the balance of
the car.
5
7. BASIC ELEMENTS OF KERS
In essence a KERS systems is simple, you need a component for
generating the power, one for storing it and another to control it
all. Thus KERS systems have three main components:
1. The MGU (Motor/Generator Unit)
2. The PCU (Power Control Unit)
3. The batteries/flywheel. (Power Storage Unit)
7
8. BASIC ELEMENTS OF KERS
Its a single unit which has both motor-
generator rotor coils wound around a single
rotor, and both coils share the same outer
field coils working in two modes.
The MGU both creates the power for the
batteries when the car is braking, then
return the power from the batteries to add
power directly to the engine, when the
KERS button is deployed.
The MGU (Motor/Generator Unit)
8
9. It serves two purposes, to invert & control
the switching of current from the batteries
to the MGU and to monitor the status of
the individual cells with the battery.
Managing the battery is critical as the
efficiency of a pack of Li-ion cells will drop
if one cell starts to fail. A failing cell can
overheat rapidly and cause safety issues.
As with all KERS components the PCU
needs cooling.
The PCU (Power Control Unit)
9
10. It stores power for immediate usage
and gives power as and when
required. Flywheel used in
Mechanical KERS and Batteries are
used in Electrical KERS
The Batteries/Flywheel (Power Storage Unit)
10
11. TYPES OF KERS
The KERS can be divided in the way they convert the energy and
how that energy is stored within the vehicle. Depending on this,
KERS has two types:
1. Mechanical Kinetic Energy Recovery System
2. Electrical Kinetic Energy Recovery System
11
12. The mechanical KERS system has a flywheel
as the energy storage device and it does
away with MGUs by replacing them with a
transmission to control and transfer the
energy to and from the driveline.
The system utilizes a flywheel as the energy
storage device and a Continuously Variable
Transmission (CVT) to transfer energy to
and from the driveline to the rotating
flywheel.
The transfer of the vehicle kinetic energy to
the flywheel kinetic energy reduces the
speed of the vehicle and increases the speed
of the flywheel. The transfer of the flywheel
kinetic energy to the vehicle kinetic energy
reduces the speed of the flywheel and
increases the speed of the vehicle.
Mechanical Kinetic Energy Recovery System
12
14. In electrical KERS, braking rotational force is captured by an electric motor /
generator unit (MGU) mounted to the engines crankshaft.
This MGU takes the electrical energy that it converts from kinetic energy and stores it
in batteries. The boost button then summons the electrical energy in the batteries to
power the MGU which in turn powers boosts the driveline
Electrical Kinetic Energy Recovery System
13
16. ADVANTANGE OF MECHANICAL KERS OVER
ELECTRICAL KERS
In electrical KERS , energy has to be converted twice , where as
in Mechanical no need of conversion. Hence electrical energy
conversion efficiency is 31- 34 % where as in mechanical KERS
its 70%
Energy lose in Electrical KERS is more , Whereas not so much in
Mechanical KERS
Lithium-ion batteries take 1-2 hours to charge completely due to
low specific power hence not good for F1 , so they use Super
Capacitor.
Chemical batteries heat up during charging process and could
cause the batteries to lose energy over the cycle or worse even
explode.
15
17. KERS was introduced by the International
Automobile Federation (FIA) with a view to
increase overtaking during Formula One Grand
Prix races, as the boost button provides extra
power. In effect, the KERS has also been used
to act as a defensive tool to block a faster car,
inhibiting overtaking.
In the 2009 season KERS was not a huge
success, the system had a FIA cap on the
amount of energy that could be re-used, only
400kJ could be stored, which when used for
6.7s per lap, the car gained some 80hp. Thus
although a 0.3s boost to lap times was
achieved, the system was ultimately limited in
its potential to improve lap times.
KERS IN FORMULA ONE
16
The original CVT based Formula One KERS
18. The original Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) was a
small and light device designed to meet the FIA regulations for
the 2009 Formula One season.
The key system features were:
A flywheel made of steel and carbon fibre that rotated at over
60,000 RPM inside an evacuated chamber
The flywheel casing featured containment to avoid the escape
of any debris in the unlikely event of a flywheel failure
The flywheel was connected to the transmission of the car on
the output side of the gearbox via several fixed ratios, a clutch
and a Continuously Variable Transmission
60 kW power transmission in either storage or recovery
400 kJ of usable storage (after accounting for internal losses)
A total system weight of 25 kg
FEATURES OF KERS IN F1
17
19. ADVANTAGES OF KERS
Reduced CO2 Emissions/Pollutants
Enhanced Performance
High power capability
High efficiency Storage and Recovery
Long system life of up to 250,000 kms
Low embedded carbon content
Low fuel consumption.
Very high speeds can be achieved.
18
20. LIMITATIONS OF KERS
Weight, particularly important in F1 cars
The energy recovery system is functional only when
the car is moving.
The recovery system must be controlled by the
same electronic control unit.
It is very costly. Engineers are trying hard to make
it more cost effective.
19
21. CONCLUSION
It’s a technology for the present and the future because it’s
environment-friendly, reduces emissions, increases
efficiency and is highly customizable and modifiable.
Adoption of a KERS may permit regenerative braking and
engine downsizing as a means of improving efficiency and
hence reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
The KERS have major areas of development in power
density, life, simplicity, effectiveness and first and foremost
the costs of the device. Applications are being considered
for small, mass-production passenger cars, as well as luxury
cars and Trucks.
20
22. REFERENCES
saeindia.org
autosport.com
Shell Engineering
Formula One
Torotrak
Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems for Racing Cars, by Alberto Boretti
Sorniotti, Aldo, and Massimiliano Curto . "Racing Simulation of a Formula 1 Vehicle
with Kinetic Energy Recovery System."
http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/engineering/kers.php
http://f1.wikia.com/wiki/Kinetic_Energy_Recovery_System
http://formula1.about.com/od/drivers/a/Driver_Weights.htm
http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2009/01/11/kers-explained-how-a-mechanical-kinetic-
energy-recovery-system-works/
http://www.racecar-engineering.com/articles/f1/flywheel-hybrid-systems-kers/
http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/8763.html
http://www.sportinglife360.com/index.php/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
kers-in-a-formula-one-car-6650
21