This document proposes a regenerative braking system for electric vehicles. It works by using electric motors connected to brake linings as generators to convert kinetic energy from braking into electricity. When the brakes are applied, the linings touch the rotating brake drum and spin the motors, generating electricity. This captured energy can be stored in the vehicle's batteries and used to extend its driving range between charges. Regenerative braking provides benefits like reduced pollution, increased engine efficiency from recovered energy, less wear on brake components, and savings from not wasting as much kinetic energy as heat. However, conventional friction brakes are still required for backup and stopping ability at low speeds when regeneration is less effective.

1. FABRICATION OF REGENERATIVE
BRAKING SYSTEM
PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY
GUIDED BY,

2. ABSTRACT
We are slowly reaching the age of electric vehicles. The
major issue behind the mass use of electric vehicles is
the battery charging time and lack of charging stations.
So here we propose a regenerative breaking system. This
system allows a vehicle to generate energy each time
brakes are applied.

3. The stronger the brakes, the more power are generated.
We use friction lining arrangement in a brake drum. As a
drum rotates the friction lining does not tough the drum
As soon as brakes are applied, the friction lining touches
the drum from inside and moves the motors connected
to lining in same direction, thus generating electricity
using motors as dynamo.
CONTINUED..

4. Introduction
Conventional Braking System
Regenerative Braking & Its Working
Kinetic Energy Recovery System(K.E.R.S)
Discharge mode of K. E. R. S
Benefits of Regenerative Braking System
Limitations of Regenerative Braking System
Conclusion
Reference

5. What are brakes?
• A brake is a device that decelerates a
moving object / prevents an object
from accelerating.
• Brakes use friction to convert
kinetic energy into heat
• Guiding principle- kinetic energy
increases quadratic ally with
velocity
-K = mv2 / 2
•When the brake is pushed the caliper
containing piston pushes the pad
towards the brake disc which slows
the wheel down.

6. Convectional braking system
• Conventional
systems use
braking
friction to
counteract the forward
momentum of a moving
car.
•As the brake pads
rubagainst
excessive
created.
•This
dissipates
the wheels,
heat energy is
heat energy
into the air,
wasting up to 30% of
the car's generated power

7. Regenerative braking
• Regenerative braking technology funnels the energy created by the
braking process back into the system in the form of charging
the battery for further use
• In a regenerative braking system the energy normally lost in
the braking process is transferred to the generator from the
rotating axel and then transferred to the battery, thus saving energy

8. COMPONENTS REQUIRED
• Brake drum (which is attached to the wheels)
• Friction lining
• Electric generator (D.C.Motor)
• Linking mechanism

9. WORKING DIAGRAM
BRAKE DRUM
LINIKING
MECHANISM
DC MOTOR/ GENERATOR
BRAKE PEDAL
BRAKE LINING

10. How does it work
The system that drives the vehicle does the majority of the braking. When the driver steps
on the brake pedal of an electric or hybrid vehicle, these types of brakes put the vehicle's
electric motor into reverse mode, causing it to run backwards, thus slowing the car's
wheels. While running backwards, the motor also acts as an electric generator, producing
electricity that's then fed into the vehicle's batteries.

11. • Vehicles driven by electric
motors use the motor as a
generator when using
regenerative braking: it is
operated as a generator
during braking and its output
is supplied to an electrical
load; the transfer of energy to
the load provides the braking
effect.
• Many modern hybrid and
electric vehicles use this
technique to extend the range
of the battery pack.

12. v
v
Motor
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
Scenario 1: Low speed - Power is
provided by electric motor using energy
supplied by the DC battery
converted to electric energy during
regenerative braking by electric motor
and supplied to battery.
provided by IC engine and electric motor
via generator. Generator also charge
battery during high speed.
Over view

13. • When the driver brakes most of the kinetic energy is still converted to
heat energy but a portion is treated differently and is stored up in the
car.
• When the driver presses his boost button that stored energy is
converted back into kinetic energy
• The mechanical KERS system utilises flywheel technology to recover
and store a moving vehicle’s kinetic energy which is otherwise wasted
when the vehicle is decelerated.

14. BENEFITS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING
Reduction of pollution
Increase in engine life
Braking is not total loss
Wear Reduction

15. Reduction in pollution
Railway vehicle – The Delhi Metro saved around 90,000 tons of carbon
dioxide (CO2) from being released into the atmosphere by regenerating
112,500 megawatt hours of electricity through the use of regenerative
braking systems
Increase engine efficiency
Regenerative brakes have been able to improve the performance of engines.
This has been exhibited in the Motor sport industry –The system used by F! cars
is called K. E. R. S (Kinetic Energy Recovery System)

16. Breaking is not total loss
Conventional brakes apply friction to convert a vehicle’s kinetic energy
into heat. In energy terms, therefore, braking is a total loss: once heat is
generated, it is very difficult to reuse. The regenerative braking system,
however, slows a vehicle down in a different way.
Wear Reduction
An electric drive train also allows for regenerative breaking which
increases Efficiency and reduces wear on the vehicle brakes.

17. Limitations of regenerative braking
system
•The regenerative braking effect drops off at lower speeds, therefore the
friction brake is still required in order to bring the vehicle to a complete halt.
•The friction brake is a necessary back-up in the event of failure of the
regenerative brake.
•Most road vehicles with regenerative braking only have power on some
wheels (as in a 2WD car) and regenerative braking power only applies to such
wheels, so in order to provide controlled braking under difficult
conditions (such as in wet roads) friction based braking is necessary on
the other wheels

18. Conclusion
The energy efficiency of a conventional brake is only about 20
percent, with the remaining 80 percent of its energy being
converted to heat through friction. The miraculous thing about
regenerative braking is that it may be able to capture as much as
half of that wasted energy and put it back to work.
This reduces fuel consumption by 10 to 25 percent.
Hence regenerative braking plays an important role in fuel
consumption and also in the field of speed

19. Thank you