This document summarizes a keynote presentation on e-participation. It discusses the history and concepts of participation, bringing an electronic or "E" component to participation through tools like online platforms and social media. It evaluates a case study of an e-participation project that involved an online deliberation platform and campaigns in four countries to engage young people in political issues. Evaluation of the project found varying levels of user engagement and impact across countries, with barriers to cross-country deliberation but potential for empowering young people if given proper guidance. The presentation concludes by discussing lessons learned about e-participation and its ability to involve citizens in political decision making.
Data revolution or data divide? Can social movements bring the human back int...mysociety
This was presented by Kersti Ruth Wissenbach from the University of Amsterdam at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC2016) in Barcelona on 27th April. You can find out more information about the conference here: https://www.mysociety.org/research/tictec-2016/
Data revolution or data divide? Can social movements bring the human back int...mysociety
This was presented by Kersti Ruth Wissenbach from the University of Amsterdam at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC2016) in Barcelona on 27th April. You can find out more information about the conference here: https://www.mysociety.org/research/tictec-2016/
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOKIJwest
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24 hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
Extreme Democracy: Politics And NetworksPaul Schumann
This presentation was session 6 in a 12 part webinar series on the book Extreme Democracy. Extreme democracy is a political philosophy of the information era that puts people in charge of the entire political process. It suggests a deliberative process that places total confidence in the people, opening the policy-making process to many centers of power through deeply networked coalitions that can be organized around local, national and international issues. This seminar covered Politics & Networks: A discussion of the essays of Valdis Krebs (It’s the Conversation Stupid!: The Link Between Social Action & Political Choice), Ross Mayfield (Social Network Dynamics & Participatory Politics), David Weinberger (Broadcasting & the Voter’s Paradox) & Danah Boyd (Social Technology & Democracy). Pages 112 – 190
La confiance dans les systèmes de santé publique: le cas des Open Data en Emi...Pina Lalli
Intervention dans le cours de Communication publique comparée, Master Communication Publique et Politique, Université Paris Est Créteil, 20 janvier 2015
"Understanding Broadband from the Outside" - ARNIC Seminar April1 08ARNIC
"Understanding Broadband from the Outside"
Ricardo Ramírez
Freelance researcher and consultant, adjunct professor at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
http://arnic.info/ramirezseminar.php
A presentation for students at the University of Aarhus as they launch a study of young people and news in Denmark. This presentation reviews findings from an ethnographic study of U.S. urban young people. The study looks at how newcomers to political interests become sutured into journalistic practices as produsers. It proposes that we are seeing the rise of a new form of journalism here identified as connective journalism. This theory builds on existing ideas of "produsage" (Bruns), ambient news (Hermida), affective publics (Papacharissi), and shareworthiness (Linaa Jensen).
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOKIJwest
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24 hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
Extreme Democracy: Politics And NetworksPaul Schumann
This presentation was session 6 in a 12 part webinar series on the book Extreme Democracy. Extreme democracy is a political philosophy of the information era that puts people in charge of the entire political process. It suggests a deliberative process that places total confidence in the people, opening the policy-making process to many centers of power through deeply networked coalitions that can be organized around local, national and international issues. This seminar covered Politics & Networks: A discussion of the essays of Valdis Krebs (It’s the Conversation Stupid!: The Link Between Social Action & Political Choice), Ross Mayfield (Social Network Dynamics & Participatory Politics), David Weinberger (Broadcasting & the Voter’s Paradox) & Danah Boyd (Social Technology & Democracy). Pages 112 – 190
La confiance dans les systèmes de santé publique: le cas des Open Data en Emi...Pina Lalli
Intervention dans le cours de Communication publique comparée, Master Communication Publique et Politique, Université Paris Est Créteil, 20 janvier 2015
"Understanding Broadband from the Outside" - ARNIC Seminar April1 08ARNIC
"Understanding Broadband from the Outside"
Ricardo Ramírez
Freelance researcher and consultant, adjunct professor at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
http://arnic.info/ramirezseminar.php
A presentation for students at the University of Aarhus as they launch a study of young people and news in Denmark. This presentation reviews findings from an ethnographic study of U.S. urban young people. The study looks at how newcomers to political interests become sutured into journalistic practices as produsers. It proposes that we are seeing the rise of a new form of journalism here identified as connective journalism. This theory builds on existing ideas of "produsage" (Bruns), ambient news (Hermida), affective publics (Papacharissi), and shareworthiness (Linaa Jensen).
Social journalism: Community building through social networksJD Lasica
A presentation to the Pacific Northwest Newspaper Association Summit in Seattle on 10 ways to use social networks and social media to engage local readers.
The 10 ideas for building local community:
1. Be first with breaking news
2. Leverage Twitter
3. Enable conversations
4. Get widget-happy!
5. Community video
6. Geocoding & citizen photography
7. Create local map mashups
8. Hook up with Facebook
9. Tap into sharing economy
10. Study, borrow, steal
UGC in the newsroom: How BBC journalists’ engagement with internet activists...Lisette Johnston
UGC in the newsroom: How BBC journalists’ engagement with internet activists has altered newsroom practices
Presentation for ECREA CONFERENCE, Lisbon 2014
Masses, Crowds, Communities, Movements. Collective Formations in the Digital ...University of Stuttgart
From prosumers to swarms, crowds, e-movements and e-communities, the Internet allows for new forms of collective behavior and action anywhere on the spectrum between individ- uals and organizations. In all of these cases, online technologies function as connectivity- enhancing tools and have prompted the search for novel or inherently different collective formations and actors on the web.
However, research to date on these new collective formations on the web lacks a sociologi- cally informed and theoretical focus. Instead, loosely defined terms such as “swarm”, “crowd” or “network” are readily used as a catch-all for any formation that cannot be charac- terized as a stable corporate actor. Such terms contribute little to an understanding of the vast range of collective activities on the Internet, namely because the various collective for- mations differ significantly from each other with regard to their size, internal structure, inter- action, institutional dynamics, stability and strategic capability.
In order to bridge this gap, this study investigates two questions: One, how might the very dif- ferently structured collectives on the Internet be classified and distinguished along actor- or action-centered theory? And two, what influence do the technological infrastructures in which they operate have on their formation, structure and activities? For this we distinguish between two main types of collectives: non-organized collectives, which exhibit loosely-coupled col- lective behavior, and collective actors with a separate identity and strategic capability. Further, we examine the newness, or distinctive traits, of online-based collectives, which we identify as being the strong and hitherto non-existent interplay between the technological infrastruc- tures that these collectives are embedded in and the social processes of coordination and insti- tutionalization they must engage in in order to maintain their viability over time. Convention- al patterns of social dynamics in the development and stabilization of collective action are now systematically intertwined with technology-induced processes of structuration.
(Presented Sept 22nd at the Gov't of Saskatchewan's Ministry of Advanced Education MARCO POCO Conference)
How To Start A Movement Movement
Everyone has a cause they need you to support, everyone has a need that's a little more important, how will your cause standout? We live in a world where you can have anything, anytime, anywhere you want, yet we're all competing for the same thing, attention.
How to start a movement is the story of the fall of advertising's influence and the rise of purpose driven marketing. It's not about creating a viable business for tomorrow, it's about creating a movement that lasts a lifetime.
CONTENT
1. ICTs and political democracy
2. ICTs and active citizenship
3. Technological determinism vs. social constructivism
4. Spatial and communicative diversity (4 cases)
5. The role of NGOs in e-participation
6. Recommendations for e-participation: toward realistic optimism
From Open Government to Living Policy MakingDamien Lanfrey
The next step in policy-making requires practitioners to design policies that are "living agents" rather than mere sets of rules. Policies must enable communities and ecosystems, accelerate quality, introduce enzymes, promote agility and be impact-driven.
Authors: Damien Lanfrey, Donatella Solda
Policy advisors, Ministry of Education, University and Research, Italy
Authors: Damien Lanfrey, Donatella Solda
Policy advisors, Ministry of Education, University and Research, Italy
Open government practice does not guarantee good policy design to translate into impactful processes.
The next step in policy-making asks practitioners to design policies that are "living agents" rather than mere sets of rules. Policies must enable communities and ecosystems, accelerate quality, introduce enzymes, promote agility and be impact-driven.
Damien Lanfrey and Donatella Solda. How to design impactful participatory policy processes and leverage innovation in policy design.
First presented at the Service Design Master Degree @ Poli.Design in Milan, March 20th 2015.
How to design impactful participatory policy processes and how to leverage innovation in policy design [with Donatella Solda].
First presented at the Service Design Master Degree @ Poli.Design in Milan, March 20th 2015.
E-consultations: New tools for civic engagement or facades for political corr...ePractice.eu
Author: Jordanka Tomkova.
Since the 1990s, public institutions have been increasingly reaching into democracy's toolbox for new tools with which to better engage citizens in politics.
Presentation of the Sense4us project at the 2nd European TA Conference - Berlin, 26 February 2015
"Policy Making in a Complex World:
The Opportunities and Risks Presented
by New Technologies"
Communication permeates all that we do, no matter who we are. In thi.docxdrandy1
Communication permeates all that we do, no matter who we are. In this discussion forum, we are going to explore this concept by looking at the changes in how we communicate through written and spoken formats with the introduction of new technologies.
Begin by reading the following:
Mobile telephony and democracy in Ghana: Interrogating the changing ecology of citizen engagement and political communication
.
Towards the Egyptian Revolution: Activists' Perceptions of Social Media for Mobilization
Peacebuilding in a Networked World
Clay Shirky interview:
Social Media Acts as Catalyst for Policy Change
Technologies enable people to connect by shared beliefs and social movements, rather than by just national or ethnic identification. There is no longer a location-bound or time element in global communication. We seek out those who share our beliefs, and this allows us to harness the power of ideas across borders. Conduct some research into the power of social media to effect political change and consider the following questions, sharing one recent example:
Has the advent of “technology assisted communication” contributed to an expansion of the democratic process? If so, in what way(s)? Is this approach to democratic interaction workable for the future or just a unique event?
How has social media contributed to political change? Examine this question using the example from your research.
.
Communication permeates all that we do, no matter who we are. In thi.docxcargillfilberto
Communication permeates all that we do, no matter who we are. In this discussion forum, we are going to explore this concept by looking at the changes in how we communicate through written and spoken formats with the introduction of new technologies.
Begin by reading the following:
Mobile telephony and democracy in Ghana: Interrogating the changing ecology of citizen engagement and political communication
.
Towards the Egyptian Revolution: Activists' Perceptions of Social Media for Mobilization
Peacebuilding in a Networked World
Clay Shirky interview:
Social Media Acts as Catalyst for Policy Change
Technologies enable people to connect by shared beliefs and social movements, rather than by just national or ethnic identification. There is no longer a location-bound or time element in global communication. We seek out those who share our beliefs, and this allows us to harness the power of ideas across borders. Conduct some research into the power of social media to effect political change and consider the following questions, sharing one recent example:
Has the advent of “technology assisted communication” contributed to an expansion of the democratic process? If so, in what way(s)? Is this approach to democratic interaction workable for the future or just a unique event?
How has social media contributed to political change? Examine this question using the example from your research.
.
This was presented by Samidh Chakrabarti and Winter Mason from Facebook at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC2016) in Barcelona on 27th April. You can find out more information about the conference here: https://www.mysociety.org/research/tictec-2016/. Register for the 2018 TICTeC conference (18 & 19 April 2018) here: http://tictec.mysociety.org/
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOK dannyijwest
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24
hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these
social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources
to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write
messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
The aim of the workshop was to discuss the state-of-art of the Smart City concept and how to translate existing approaches to the reality of the local governments, as well as the institutional capacity for making smarter decisions.
Robert Scholz presented the importance to investigate concepts, which enable the unification and the common understanding and the replication of ICT architectures. He pointed out how to achieve an unified approach which aims to fulfill complex and integrative ICT solutions for Smart Cities. The presented approach aims to base on the idea of openness with 1) respect to interfaces 2)software components and 3) data. It was shown that those are seen as the main ingredient of an ICT eco-system for Smart Cities.
[X]CHANGING PERSPECTIVES:
ENRICHING MULTISTAKEHOLDER DELIBERATION WITH EMBODIMENT IN
PARTICIPATORY SOCIETY presented at the CeDEM17 Conference in Krems, Austria
War Co-Creation vor 10 Jahren noch stark auf den Bereich Wirtschaft beschränkt, so findet sich das Konzept nun auch immer mehr im Bereich der Verwaltung und der Öffentlichkeit.
Datenschutzbeauftragte werden in Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle im Unternehmen spielen
5 Fragen an Thomas Jost
Lehrender “Geprüfte/r Datenschutzbeauftragte/r”
Department für E-Governance in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung
More from Danube University Krems, Centre for E-Governance (20)
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Todays Keynote
Participation – History and introduction to a loaded concept
Bringing the E to participation
Evaluating E-participation
Case study: Results and
lessons learned
Questions
4. What is participation?
A rights and a duty
An equal right to participate in a democracy – but it is also our
duty
Important for the
”social contract” / ”civic bond”
5. The historical development of participation
a) The Greek agora where people met and discussed with each
other
b) Development of religions (where political membership
become dependent of a common faith)
c) The development of autonomous city states in Europe
d) The development of nationalism and the national state that
followed from the French revolution
e) The creation of the welfare state for the institutionalism of
social rights
Development of participation
6. Not only about political rights – and a relation to a state and
common identity – this is also about social equality
T.H. Marshall
Development of participation?
7. T.H. Marshall
Citizenship builds upon our equal right to participation –
however capitalist societies are far from equal
At the same time – it is the argument that we have the right to
be different and develop our individualities – that capitalist then
use to justify that society becomes unequal.
Marshall discussions of social rights was a way to make the idea
of every citizens equal right, more equal in reality
Development of participation
8. Wide vs. narrow participation (Verba & Nie, 1972)
Maximalist vs. minimalist participation (Carpentier, 2011)
(can be traced back to Elitist (Schumpeter) vs. Participatory
(Pateman) ideals of democracy)
Different forms of participation
9. The idea is that participation may occur outside of Parliamentary
institutions if we understand participation as the act
to influence public decision makers (Verba & Nie, 1972)
Lately participation has come to indicate the act
to influence society in general (Esaiasson & Westholm, 2006)
Activities that school citizens democratically and make them
capable to govern over themselves (Pateman 1970)
which is close to the definition of empowerment as recognizing your power to
create/induce change (Lennie & Tacchi, 2013) – which in turn resonates with
Sens (1999) understands development as a freedom which lends itself towards
the capacity of individuals to assess and transform, their situations.
Different forms participation
10. Tripartite delineation of participation (Svensson, 2011)
Depending on where it is initiated and towards where it is directed
1) Parliamentary initiated participation (from within Parliament)
2) Activist initiated participation (initiated outside the Parliament but
directed towards it - Both single-issue adhoc movements and more long-
lived so-called social movements (demand – Laclau, 2005)
3) Popular cultural participation (Cultural Public Sphere – Hermes, 2006)
Different forms of participation
11. Tripartite delineation of participation (Nilsson, 2005)
Depending on its relation to parliamentary institutions
1) Integrated forms of participation (Elections and political party
membership)
2) engrafted forms participation (civic/ users committees)
3) Independent forms of participation (village communities, political
consumption)
Different forms of participation
12. Participation today
Parliamentary initiated participation
legitimacy crisis
Activist initiated and popular cultural participation
Lifepolictics – Giddens
Suppolitics – Beck
Mundane citizenship - Bakardjieva
Participation today
13. Participation vs engagement (Dahlgren 2009, 2013)
Engagement is the subjective/ individual prerequisite for
participation
Participation vs interaction Participation is always linked to
power and the political (Carpentier, 2011; Dahlgren, 2013)
What is Participation
14. Parliamentary initiated participation
Internet as a magic elixir (Strommer-Galley, 2000)
Strategic communication Instrumental uses (in campaigns)
Deliberation Communicative uses (engaging citizens in
dialogues)
Image-Management Expressive uses (negotiating your image as
a politician)
Bringing the E to participation
15. Activist initiated participation
Internet as a tool for organization of participation and for mobilizing
participation – smart mobs (Rheingold, 2002)
Issue engagement (Verba et al., 1995) – you engage in issues that affects to
(personally and emotionally) and issues that are controversial – more
passionate than pragmatic participation. Participation needs a certain
amount of emotional investment (Melucci, 1996)
Connective action (Bennett & Segerberg, 2012) – messages memes that can
easily be personalized and spread
Clictivism and Slactivism
Bringing the E to participation
16. Popular cultural initiated participation
Pop-up (Manchester United, Docu-Soaps)
Smaller parts of affinity portals to which political discussions are
directed
Bringing the E to participation
17. From “techno-optimism” to realism
Ann Macintosh, Angus Whyte, (2008)
“Further research is needed in two main areas; first, on the
applicability (where) of eParticipation tools to particular
contexts, and second, to integrate fieldwork methods to assess
social acceptance of eParticipation (why) and represent the
diversity of views obtained from citizens, community groups and
other stakeholders.”
• Cognitive impact (agenda setting, by whom?)
• Idea of direct impact on policy making
• Agenda setting in hybrid media environment
Evaluating E-participation
18. • AT
• CZ
• GR
• UK
Discussion in 4 languages and pilots in four countries
Integration of Social Media and Networks
Involvement of
Young people
Decision makers and institutions
ePart for young people in the EU
19. • Creating a e-participation platform and community on EU
level
• Forward the results of the deliberation process to decision
makers and institutions.
• To make young people familiar with decision makers
• Features:
Mobile communication channels, Facebook Integration,
Google Translate
Large scale e-participation – aims
20. 1. Topic creation: Suggest a theme and rate a theme
2. Discussion: Discuss a theme and provide comments and
proposals; rate comments
3. Voting: Vote for the proposals
4. Summary and results: Show results and get feedback
from relevant bodies and persons.
4 stages deliberation model
4.189 registered participants (03/14)
The averge user looks at
6+ pages and stays for
6+ minutes.
21. Dedicated online campaigns, selected topic campaigns and topic
promotion on banners, Video advertisement in mass media,
social media promotion (regular means of marketing no effect)
Topic campaigns
22. Points system for motivation
Gamification elementsGamification Elements
23. • Likes
• Thumbing
• Voting for Proposals
• “Lurkers”
• Inclusiveness and transparency
– Moderators inform users about reasons for deleting content
– User diversity: throughout political spectrum
– Empowerment: Users and decision makers are same users
Low participation threshhold
26. Methodology
– Online Questionnaires
• Feedback Questionnaire (310 filled out, 76 counted)
• Long Questionnaire (420 responses)
– Interviews with decision makers and users (21)
– Discourse Analysis
– Focus Group (December 2013)
– Platform Data and Google Analytics
– Facebook Data
Evaluation of E-Participation Projects
27. 4 evaluation levels
• Political
– Relevancy and Popularity of selected deliberation themes
– Effectiveness of communicating the trial results to decision
makers and relevant public bodies
– Degree of influence on decision-making process and
political actions
• Technical
– Platforms and tools usability
– Platform purpose suitability
Methodology based on Macintosh
28. • Social
– Effectiveness of integrating multiple evaluation tools
– Digital connections created between users
– Quality of discussion and deliberation process
• Methodological
– Effectiveness of dissemination activities
– Effectiveness of user engagement tactics
Methodology based on Macintosh
29. Users:
• Do you think platforms like OurSpace are got to get involved
or more interested in politics?
• Did you get more interested in the life of a politician?
• Do you think they can improve trust in politics?
• Do what extent do you feel empowered?
Decision makers:
• Did the platform have an influence on daily political work?
• Did the platform have an influence on policy making?
Political level
30. ”...In the work of a politician”
Did you get more interested in the work of a politician that you
met/that posted on OurSpace?
Yes Rather yes Neutral Rather no No Responses
AT 18 % 25 % 30 % 10 % 17 % 167
CZ 17 % 28 % 16 % 19 % 21 % 43
GR 6 % 14 % 42 % 15 % 22 % 85
UK 21 % 19 % 37 % 6 % 16 % 62
ALL 15 % 22 % 32 % 12 % 18 % 357
31. • Most users did not find that the platform could improve trust in
politics and politicians, however, a lot of them were rather
indifferent (35%).
• Czech users slightly varied: 81% found that the platform has helped
them to improve their trust in politics and politicians.
• Greek users: 18% said it could help them.
”...level of trust improvement”
”...empowerment...”
• Majority of users feeling empowered or very empowered (59%) by
the platform.
32. • Different levels of user activity in pilot countries
– Thumbing more often in AT than UK
– Most active users in CZ
– Most registrations in Greece
• Decision maker participation
– Positive response in Austria (40% of MEPs)
– No decision maker participated in Greece
Comparative perspective
33. • Language and cultural conditions still major obstacle in cross-
country deliberation
• Gender was no barrier
(e.g. female politicians very active,
diverse user group)
• EU Legislation difficult
• Transferring people from established media (e.g. Facebook
monopol, leaflets)
Barriers in cross-country e-part
34. • Young people are generally very positive regarding e-
participation as a tool for political engagement and informed
decision making
• Potential for empowerment and decision making processes
out of classical institutions
• They are criticial regarding political impact on policies
• Engagement beyond politically active target group is difficult
• Sen (capabilities) young people need guidance (vs. „Digital
Natives“)
Lessons Learned