The document outlines the Triangulum project, a Horizon 2020 initiative aimed at developing an open data-based ICT reference architecture for smart cities, with a focus on energy management, citizen engagement, and standardized communication interfaces. Key goals include promoting interoperability among components, facilitating the reuse of solutions by various cities, and contributing to smart city standardization efforts. The document details various components of the proposed architecture, relevant standards, and future steps for implementation and governance.

1. Towards an Open Data based ICT Reference
Architecture for Smart Cities
Nikolay Tcholtchev, Philipp Lämmel, Robert Scholz, Evanela Lapi and
Ina Schieferdecker

2. The Triangulum Project
One of nine Horizon 2020 Smart City Lighthouse
Projects, including 22 European partners.
Lighthouse Cities: Stavanger, Manchester, Eindhoven
Follower Cities: Leipzig, Prague, Sabadell
Goals:
• Intelligent energy management and reduction of
energy consumption
• Adaptive and dynamic ICT data hub(s)
• Increase usage of renewable energy and EV
• Activation of citizens as co-creators
• Replication of Solutions (ICT Reference
Architecture)
• Design and implementation of innovative Business
Models
• Smart City Governance Model & Decision tool

3. • Introduction to the Triangulum Project
• Goals of an ICT Reference Architecture
• The current model for the ICT Reference Architecture
and ‚services‘ between layers
• Mapping of Solutions onto the ICT RA
• Relevance for eGovernment / eDemocracy
• Standardization
• Next steps
3
Todays Agenda

4. 4
Goals of an ICT Reference Architecture (1/2)
The main goals of such an ICT Reference Architecture are as follows:
• Provide an unified view and understanding on the ICT strategies of the involved cities, that
also accommodates legacy solutions
• Enable reuse of the Triangulum components and/or solutions by cities participating in the
project but also by cities outside the consortium
• Contributing to Smart City standardization at e.g. ISO or ETSI by proposing parts to the
standardization bodies

5. • Identify interfaces for communication between the involved components
• Enable the exchange and interoperability of various components and/or software
packages along the identified and standardized interfaces, similiar to the ISO TCP/IP OSI
model
• Define the ICT Reference Architecture and interfaces in a way that Open Source
components can be used, in order to enable cities and communities to get independent
from particular vendors and highlight the importance of open data
5
Goals of an ICT Reference Architecture (2/2)

6. 6
Views on ICT Reference Architecture

7. • Type of ‚information‘ transmitted
• Relevant Standards
• Common Protocols, APIs and Data formats, along with their
characteristics / advantages
• Security aspects?
Schematic service definition
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‚Services‘ between layers of the ICT RA
SAP
‚Service‘ Name
Position on the Reference Architecture

8. • Usually (raw) sensor data in real-time (e.g. regarding energy
usage) is provided through this SAP
• Relevant Standards: RFC 4944-6Lowpan, …
• Protocols: Threat || Zigbee || MQTT || CoAP /UDP/IPv6 + low
energy bluetooth, Formats: Binary, Advantages: Interoperability
• Alternative: Zwave AppL / ZwaveTL/ ZwaveNL/
Zwave Radio …
Exemplary service definition
8
‚Services‘ between layers of the ICT RA
Data Source Data - SAP
Between Communication & Data Analysis/Processing
DSD

9. • Introduction to the Triangulum Project
• Goals of an ICT Reference Architecture
• The current model for the ICT Reference Architecture
and ‚services‘ between layers
• Mapping of Solutions onto the ICT RA
• Relevance for eGovernment / eDemocracy
• Standardization
• Next steps
9
Todays Agenda

10. EV Charging Infrastructure Update
10
Mapping of the modules onto the layers of
the ICT Reference Architecture
T3 Surveillance system (central
management system)?
T1 Combined Chargers (AC + DC)
T2 AC Charging (Points)
Charging Point Station
Electric Vehicle (e.g.
Car)
Has (multiple)
RFID?
(communication
standard is put forth
for DC in IEC 61851-
24)
(Open Carge Point
Protocol (OCPP))
Open Smart
Charging Protocol
1.0 (for 24h-
prediction
integration)
Smart Grid
Central Management
System
Data Analysis &
Processing
CommunicationData Sources

11. Innovative Video
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Mapping of the modules onto the layers of
the ICT Reference Architecture
T2 (existing): Fibre to the Home Infrastructure (FTTH)
T1: New state of the art video services
HD Cameras
Home Smart Appliance
(Smart Router Linux PC)
Mobile Phone
Remote Application
Home Internet
Gateaway
Fibre Cables
low energy
Bluetooth for
control; direct
video signal
Session Initiation Protocol
| SDP/TCP + TLS | UDP/
(IP/ Ethernet) for
connection negotiation
H.246/RTP/
TLS(SRTP)/IP for
video/streaming
data
Data Analysis &
Processing
CommunicationData Sources

12. Direct Application of RA in possible follower city projects such as:
• A digital tool for optimization of space usage in public buildings
• Video-Conference System for Urban- (as well as Health-) Services (similiar to the
solution shown before)
• ICT tools for Citizen Participation
Indirect incentives:
• Provision of incentives to citizen for energy reduction
• Attraction of Businesses/Investments through tools from the ICT Hub (such as a
solar GIS-map) and creation of solutions with citizen benefit through the provision
of freely useable (=open) data.
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Relevance for eGovernance / eDemocracy

13. • Continued refinement/definition of SAPs
• Integration of more security aspects into ICT Reference
Architecture
• Application of the RA in the Follower Cities
• Continued contribution to standardization activities (DIN SPEC
91347 OUP & EIP SCC MoU)
14
Next steps

14. Thank You!
www.triangulum-project.eu @Triangulum_EU
Robert Scholz
Fraunhofer FOKUS
robert.scholz@fokus.fraunhofer.de

15. Our Partners
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