The document traces the evolution of the computer keyboard from its origins in the typewriter. It describes how Christopher Scholes patented the first typewriter in 1868, which had keys arranged in two rows. Over subsequent years and prototypes, Scholes and others worked to improve the layout, resulting in a four-row keyboard in 1872 that was close to the modern layout. This four-row design went into mass production in 1873 as the Remington No. 1 typewriter. The QWERTY keyboard layout was established by 1878. As computers developed through the 20th century, keyboards added additional keys and became separate input devices, resulting in the extended 101-key keyboard used today.

2. KEYBOARD
DESCRIPTI
ON
Computer keyboard is a device
which allows user to enter
information into a computer (input
device). It is a set of keys (buttons)
arranged in a certain order.

3.  The first typewriter was patented by Christopher Latem
Scholes in 1868.
 Letters and numbers were located on two rows of keys. They
were in alphabetical order, also there were numbers from 2 to
9.
 Keys decided for 1 and 0 dicided not to do, instead they were
treated with letters I and O.
 Total number of keys was 36.
 - 3 5 7 9 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
2 4 6 8 . A B C D E F G H I J K L M

4.  In April 1870, he changed the shape of the keys to "button-like", which made it
possible to make three rows of keys.
 A E I Y U O
B C D F G H J K L M
Z X W V T S R Q P N

5. FOUR-ROW
KEYBOARD
 Gradually improving the typewriter, Scholes built
about 50 prototypes with constant technical
improvements, the layout thus almost always
changed.
 In 1872 Christopher made keyboard, which is close to
the modern model, it has four rows of buttons instead
of the previous three, there are also three new buttons
with punctuation marks "?" "&“ ”|”
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 — , ' |
Q W E . T Y I U O -
A S D F G H J K L M
& Z C X V B N ? : R P

6.  Invented in 1873.
 It was this machine that went into mass production, later it was
called Remington No. I, about 5000 were released.
 This layout is the most similar to the one we have this days. Of
the letters not in their place only "M“.

7.  Invented in 1872.
 The layout of the letter keys completely corresponds to the
modern layout of QWERTY.
 Alphabetic layout of QWERTY was formed by 1878 completely.
 In this typewriter it became possible for the first time to type
both lowercase and uppercase letters, for the set of the last
ones, the Shift key was used.
 The number of keys is 40, and the number of symbols available
for input is 76 thanks to the Shift key.

8. In 1965, when
the companies
of General
Electric and Bell
developed a
new operating
system, the
interface of the
video-terminal
display was first
created.
1
This made it
much easier for
users to work
with computers,
because now
they could see
the input
information on
the screen and
edit it.

9.  Since the beginning of the 1980s
computers have become available not
only to large companies, but also to
ordinary people.
 Keys "Alt", "Control" have been added,
and the "Enter" key acquired the data
entry function.

10.  Later, the keyboard became an
independent device.
 In a single body 83 keys were
installed, broken into two unequal
blocks.
 The first one is alphanumeric,
including also the arrows of cursor
control, the second one is the
service key, there are system keys
in it.

11.  In 1987 mass production of keyboard known to us
today was launched.
 Due to the fact that the number of keys has been
increased from 83 to 101, such a keyboard has
received the name - extended.
 Functional keys in it were placed separately in the
upper row, and their number increased by 2 units:
"F11" and "F12".
 The keys responsible for controlling the movement
of the cursor are separated into a separate block
located between the main and digital blocks.
 The Alt and Ctrl keys were duplicated and placed in
pairs on the left and right of the space bar.