The document defines and explains key media concepts: - Media language involves encoding and decoding messages between a source and receiver using established language rules and codes. - Media institutions arrange, create, distribute, and influence media products that are delivered to mass audiences. - Genres are categories of art or entertainment defined by stylistic conventions that change over time with new genres and discontinued old ones. - Media representations serve to create new realities by portraying groups, ideas, and topics from ideological perspectives rather than just reflecting reality. - Audiences are abstract concepts comprising individuals measured collectively who experience and consume media texts.

1. Key Media Concepts
By Mohammad Sarmad

2. M media Language
I institution
G genre
R representation
A audience
I ideology
N narrative

3. Media Language
Media messages are encoded and then decoded by
audience. Encoding is the process by which a source
performs conversion of information into data.
Decoding is the reverse process of converting data
into information understandable by a receiver.
Encoding is the process of formulating messages,
that is, person's skill of using language to convey
messages. Decoding is the process of analyzing the
message, that is, a person's skill of understanding
language. Language is a code established through
rules and regulations..

4. • Media institutions arrange, create, illustrate,
design, put together, print or broadcast,
advertise and distribute media products to the
masses via existing delivery systems. It’s
important to understand how these media
institutions work and how they work can
influence the media products.

5. Genre is most popularly known as
a category of literature, music, or other forms of
art or entertainment, whether written or spoken,
audio or visual, based on some set of stylistic
criteria, yet genres can be aesthetic, rhetorical,
communicative, or functional. Genres form by
conventions that change over time as new
genres are invented and the use of old ones is
discontinued. Often, works fit into multiple
genres by way of borrowing and recombining
these conventions.

6. Representation
• Media representations are the ways in which
the media portrays particular groups,
communities, experiences, ideas, or topics
from a particular ideological or value
perspective. Rather than examining media
representations as simply reflecting or
mirroring "reality," we examine how media
representations serve to "re-present" or to
actually create a new reality.

7. Audience
An audience is/the recipient of message. An
audience is the/a group of people who
participate & experience work of art, literature,
theatre, music. An audience is the/a group of
consumers for whom the media text is
constructed & who is exposed to the text.
Audience is an abstract concept and can’t be
defined in terms of space and time. Audiences
can’t be controlled but they can be sought. It’s an
abstract concept for those persons who use a
medium. Audience is a part of the whole, made
up of individuals but measured as a collective and
can be established by quantitative and qualitative
methods.

8. Ideology
An ideology is a world view, a system of
values, attitudes and beliefs which an
individual, group or society holds to be
true or important; these are shared by
a culture or society about how that
society should function. Ideology is an
important concept for media studies
students to understand as it underpins
many of the other aspects of media
studies (such as representation).

9. Narrative
In Media Studies, it is important to tell the
difference between narrative and story
Story = a sequence of events, known correctly as
the plot
Narrative = the way those events are put together
to be presented to an audience.
Therefore, when analyzing a narrative we analyze
the construction of the story i.e. the way it has
been put together, not the story itself. You also
need to consider what the story is about in its most
basic terms, i.e. the theme(Love, war, winning).
All media texts have a narrative, whether they are a
six hour TV miniseries or a one paragraph
newspaper story or a glossy magazine photograph.