KEY ASKS on Organic Trace Minerals.pptx

Dr. Md. Aminul Islam
Saturday, June 18, 2022
Minerals
KEY ASKS
on Organic Trance Minerals (OTMs)

Minerals
What are the reasons for using OTMs?
To ensure the availability at absorption sites
What are the basic mechanism of mineral absorption?
Transportations are absolutely selective to transport channel
What is Chelation? Do all the covalent bonds serve chelation?
The science we discover, that happens in nature
How chelation is made artificially?
The technology we developed to meet the science.
What are the facts to be considered in OTMs product selection?
The SCIENCE (Chelation) & TECHNILOGY (Chelation process) need to compliance

Mineral- Reality in Gut
Minerals
Zn Fe
Cu
 Mucus (- charged)
 Mineral (+ charged)
Complex
(reduce absorption)
Villi of GIT
Water body
Negatively charged
Mucus Layer
Blood Stream
Interaction with digesta
Zn Fe Cu Zn
Fe
Cu

Minerals
Villi of GIT
Water body
Negatively charged
Mucus Layer
Blood Stream
AA
Cu
AA
AA
Zn
AA
AA
Fe
AA
A
A
C
u
A
A
A
A
Z
n
A
A
A
A
F
e
A
A
A
A
C
u
A
A
A
A
Z
n
A
A
A
A
F
e
A
A
A
A
C
uA
A
A
A
Z
n
A
A
A
A
F
eA
A
Neutral in
charge content
Interaction with digesta

Minerals
Interaction with mucus

What are the Constraints?
Minerals
Minerals shows antagonistic
effects to each other on ionized
form.
Antagonism
There are negative interactions
with other dietary factors, for
example, Phytates, polyphenols,
mucin (- charged)
Negative interaction
In high pH precipitation of metals
is occurred that lead to less
absorption.
Hydro polymerization
M + H2O <--> M (OH-)(H+)

Mineral- Reasons for using OTMs
Minerals
 To ensure the presence of mineral at the point of
absorption sites
 To utilized maximum opportunity of absorption
mechanism

Absorption Mechanism- Crossing of enterocytes
Minerals
Enterocytes lining the gastrointestinal
tract are connected to each other by tight
junction proteins. Paracellular
absorption involves movement of ions,
designated by Y+, by diffusion down their
electrochemical gradient through pores
in the tight junction and into the
interstitial space (IS) across the tight
junctions.
Minerals dissolved in water, designated
by Z, can move across the tight junction
with the bulk flow of water, which is
known as solvent drag.
Transcellular absorption involves
mechanisms that allow minerals, such as
X+, to cross the apical membrane, to
move across the cytosol of the cell, and
to move the ion across the basolateral
cell membrane into the IS and lamina
propria for entry into the vasculature.

Minerals
Para-cellular Transportation
Diffusional force created by differences in the ionized mineral concentration on
each side of the tight junction push the mineral through the tight junction into
the interstitial space.
Crossing of mineral depends on
 Concentration of mineral in the luminal surface
 Freely ionized state of mineral can only transported
 Dissolved amount in the fluids overlying the luminal side
 The size of the mineral atom
 Electrical charge difference

Minerals
Solvent Drag Transport
 Mineral ions suspended in the water can be absorbed.
 Minerals complexed (AA, peptides, VFA) can also be absorbed.
 Solvent drag can also move minerals out into the lumen
 The bulk flow occurred in upper small intestine than in the lower small
intestine. This may be due to the presence of larger water pores in the
upper intestine

Minerals
Transcellular Transport
 Transport are absolutely selective to transport channel
 Transport channels consist of specialized proteins in the cell
membrane
 More the channel open more the minerals get absorbed

Mineral- Mechanism of Action
Minerals
 Mineral doesn't determine the mechanism rather gut do
to facilitate intake
 The more you offer options, the more you can get the
ways for transport

Mineral bind to Ligand: Metal-Complex
Minerals
Dent/atom
Ligand
Ligand
[Electron Donor, -Ve]
Metal
[Electron Receptor, +ve]
Metal-Complex
[Neutral in charged]
: :
Ligand Molecule:
Amino acid, Peptides, Proteins, Polysaccharides, Yeast, organic acids.
M

Chelation is more than just a complex
Minerals
M
Chelation Occurred
Mineral attached in 2 points by
a single ligand (bidentate)
M
No Chelation Occurred
Mineral attached in 1 point by
a single ligand
Ligand [Molecule]
Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds

Chelation is more than just a complex
Minerals

Chelation in biological system
Minerals
1. Chelation to serve the transportation of metal ion through cell membrane
& storage of Metal
e.g Cysteine & Histidine are the primary ligands for metal transport in cell
membrane.
2. Chelation essential for metabolism
e.g Heme: Cytochrome enzyme with Ferous in human, Phytate in plant
3. Chelation interfere the utilization of essential cation (accidental occurrence)
e.g Oxalic acid + Ca= insoluble oxalate, Phytic acid + Zn= insoluble zinc phytate
Types of chelation are in biological system

Chelation in biological system
Minerals
Hemoglobin in RBC Phytate in plant cell

Criteria of Chelation
Minerals
The word Chelation arrived from the Greek word “Chela”
which means “Pincer”.
 Ligand connects to a metal atom at 2+ points
 Multiple ligands makes the chelation more stable
 Ligand must form heterocycle ring
 Rationing of ligand should be proportionate to
minerals (1:1, 1:2, 1:3)
M
© Kratzer F.H., & Vohra P. 1986. Chelates in Nutrition. CRC Press Inc.)
Chelation is the SCIENCE we discover
in nature

Mineral- Organic form of mineral
Minerals
 An amino acid molecule
attached to a metal ion.
 Amino acid is specific
METAL SPECIFIC AMINO
ACID COMPLEXES
Classified OTMs
 Complexing a metal salt with a
mixture of free amino acids.
 AA is not specific.
METAL AMINO ACID
COMPLEXES
M
L M
L
M
L
Questions?
1. Complex or Chelates?
2. Monodentate or Bidentate?

Mineral- Organic form of mineral
Minerals
 Metal chelates with either an
amino acid or partially
hydrolyzed protein.
 The final product may contain
only amino acids, dipeptides,
tripeptides or other protein
derivatives.
METAL PROTEINATES
 Ionic reaction with weak
connections
 • No complex formation
 • Non stable
POLYSACCHARIDE METAL
M L L L L
L L L
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
M
Classified OTMs
 A metal ion bond AA with a
mole ratio of 1-3.
 Bidentate coordinate covalent
bonds is must.
METAL AMINO ACID
CHELATES
M
L M
L
L

Mineral- What is chelation?
Minerals
 Not all covalent bond is chelation
 All chelates are complex but all complex are not
chelates
 Chelation meets the most criteria of mineral transport
mechanism

Mineral- OTMs Manufacturing process
Minerals

Mineral- OTMs Manufacturing process
Minerals
A. Spray drying a liquid formulation
Flash drying at the point of optimum reactions.
B. Air drying of a slurry formulation.
Drying by air flow from slurry.
C. Dry mixing of ligand & mineral
Just mixing of ligand & mineral, No or fair reaction occurred.
D. Combination of B & C
The Critical point for
ensuring Quality

Mineral- OTMs manufacturing procedure
Minerals
 Making complex is easy, but keeping it stable needs
expert facilities
 Batch control for constant Chelation Index is mandatory
 Source of AAs/Peptides are important

OTMs- parameters to pick the best one
Minerals
Stability & Solubility in Gut
Efficiency in absorption
through Gut
Bioavailability in Gut

Minerals
1M:2L
M
AA/PEP
M
AA/PEP
AA/PEP
M
AA/PEP
AA/PEP
AA/PEP
 High stability & solubility promote better movement through lipid membrane
in enterocytes.
 Its markedly determine by the chelation index (Qi) and Stability constant (Ks).
1M:1L 1M:3L
Stability &
Solubility

Minerals
• Active Transport via PepT1 transporter
• Transcellular movement of CPPs with peptides as Cargo
• Diffusion down through pores in the tight junction
OTMs are absorbed by the same process of AAs and Small PEPs, like
Efficiency in
Absorption

Minerals
Example of Active transport, which is limited by the AA
specificity

Minerals
The more diverse is your keyring, the more doors you can
open

Minerals
Mineral Amino-Acids
Zinc (Zn) Cistein e Histidin
Copper (Cu) Asparagin and Glu
Cobalt (Co) Asparagin and Glu
Iron (Fe) Asparagin and Glu and methionin
Manganese (Mn) Asparagin and Glu
Magnesium (Mg) Asparagin and Glu
Calcium (Ca) Asparagin and Glu and Gly
Chromium (Cr) Asparagin and Glu and Gly
Selenium (Se) Asparagin and Glu and Gly
Amino-acids preference to metal ions

Minerals

Minerals
High Qi High Ks High bioavailability
Low Qi Low Ks Low bioavailability
Chelates remains bound & soluble during passage through the GIT &
absorbed in the intestine.
Bioavailabilit
y

Functions of mineral in the biological entities
Minerals
Formation of the skeleton and egg shells
 Calcium & phosphorus are essential for the formation & maintenance of the skeleton
 Calcium is important in egg shell formation
Components of various compounds which have particular functions in the body
 Calcium is required for blood clotting
 Calcium is important in the transfer of information from one cell to another
 Cobalt is part of vitamin B12
 Iron is part of hemoglobin
 Iodine is part of thyroxine
Maintenance of osmotic balance within the body
 Sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride function with phosphates and bicarbonate to maintain osmotic balance and
pH throughout the body
As cofactors in various enzymes
 Phosphorus is required for the utilization of energy
 Copper, manganese, selenium and zinc function as essential accessory factors to enzymes

Factors to be considered?
Minerals
 Chelation Degree & Index is the key factors determine
high absorption
 The more diversified AAs/Peptides gets better chance of
being absorbed
 Ligands (AAs/Peptides) affinity to metal is very specific

MD. AMINUL ISLAM
DVM, MS in Microbiology
THANK YOU
aminul.vet@gmail.com +8801743444560

KEY ASKS on Organic Trace Minerals.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to KEY ASKS on Organic Trace Minerals.pptx

Similar to KEY ASKS on Organic Trace Minerals.pptx (20)

More from Aminul Islam, DVM, MS

More from Aminul Islam, DVM, MS (8)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

KEY ASKS on Organic Trace Minerals.pptx

Editor's Notes