1. Android Kernel Modules
By : Alaa Abdelmoneam (Elmagic)
Egypt

2. Kernel Modules :
•1-Network :
-Netlink.
-Network Scheduler.
-Netfilter and nftables .
2-Sound :
-Advanced Linux Sound Architecture .

3. Kernel Modules (Contd) 
•3- Graphics :
-Direct rendering manager .
-Graphics Execution manager .
4- Input :
-evdev(event device).

4.  Network 
•** Netlink **
Netlink is a socket family used for IPC between the kernel and user
space processes, as well as between user processes (e.g. Unix domain
sockets) or a mixture of both types.
Netlink is a flexible, robust, wire-format communications channel
typically used for kernel to user communication although it can also be
used for user to user and kernel to kernel communications.

5.  Network (Contd)
•** Network Scheduler **
A network scheduler, also called packet scheduler, is an
arbiter program that manages the sequence of network
packets in the transmit and receive queues of the network
interface controller, which is a circular data buffer. There are
several network schedulers available for the different
operating system kernels, that implement many of the existing
network scheduling algorithms.

6.  Network (Contd)
•** Netfilter **
Netfilter is a framework inside the Linux kernel which offers flexibility
for various networking-related operations to be implemented in form
of customized handlers. Netfilter offers various options for packet
filtering, network address translation, and port translation. These
functions provide the functionality required for directing packets
through a network, as well as for providing ability to prohibit packets
from reaching sensitive locations within a computer network.

7.  Network (Contd)
•** Nftables **
nftables is the project that aims to replace the existing
{ip,ip6,arp,eb}tables framework. Basically, this project
provides a new packet filtering framework .

8.  Sound 
•**Advanced Linux Sound Architecture**
(ALSA) is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that
provides an application programming interface (API) for sound card
device drivers. Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception
were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful
handling of multiple sound devices in a system, goals which it has
largely met. ALSA is released under the GNU General Public License
(GPL) and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

9.  Graphics 
•**Direct rendering manager**
The Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) is a subsystem of the Linux
kernel responsible for interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards.
DRM exposes an API that user space programs can use to send
commands and data to the GPU, and perform operations like
configuring the mode setting of the display.
The Direct Rendering Manager can be compiled into the Linux kernel or
loaded via the standard module interface.

10.  Graphics (Contd)
•** Graphic Execution Manager**
The Graphics Execution Manager (GEM) is a computer software system
developed by Intel to do memory management for device drivers for
graphics chipsets. GEM is part of the Direct Rendering Manager.
GEM manages graphics memory (which means dealing with Non-
Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) on modern graphics chipsets) and
controls the execution context for graphics-related code

11.  Input 
•**evdev**
In computing, evdev (for event device) is a component of the Linux
kernel for handling input (from keyboards, mice, joysticks, etc.) and a
closely related input driver for both the X.Org Server and Wayland
compositors.

12. Finally  
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