SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Linux Device Drivers [email_address]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is a device driver?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Device Driver
Kernel View
Kernel Components ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kernel Components ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kernel Components ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kernel Components ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are device drivers in Linux? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linux Device Drivers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kernel Modules Versus Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
User Space Versus Kernel Space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
User program  & Kernel  interface
Block I/O on Linux
Device Driver Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Device Driver Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Device Driver Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Block Versus  Character devices
Loadable Kernel Module (LKM) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of LKM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic LKM (program) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LKM Utilities cmd ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common LKM util cmd ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General implementation steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Read/write (I/O) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Polling mode ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interrupt mode ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Device Driver Process I/O Device read device wake up process suspend process issue interrupt and read data issue read command  Interrupt mode
Interrupt mode
Device special file ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Register and unregister device ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Register and unregister device ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
kernel functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
kernel functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pitfalls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKBLinux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKB
shimosawa
 
Embedded linux network device driver development
Embedded linux network device driver developmentEmbedded linux network device driver development
Embedded linux network device driver development
Amr Ali (ISTQB CTAL Full, CSM, ITIL Foundation)
 
Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_
Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_
Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_
Linaro
 
Linux Device Tree
Linux Device TreeLinux Device Tree
Linux Device Tree
艾鍗科技
 
Embedded Android : System Development - Part IV
Embedded Android : System Development - Part IVEmbedded Android : System Development - Part IV
Embedded Android : System Development - Part IV
Emertxe Information Technologies Pvt Ltd
 
I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24
I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24
I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24Varun Mahajan
 
Bootloaders
BootloadersBootloaders
Bootloaders
Anil Kumar Pugalia
 
Uboot startup sequence
Uboot startup sequenceUboot startup sequence
Uboot startup sequenceHoucheng Lin
 
Linux Internals - Part I
Linux Internals - Part ILinux Internals - Part I
Part 02 Linux Kernel Module Programming
Part 02 Linux Kernel Module ProgrammingPart 02 Linux Kernel Module Programming
Part 02 Linux Kernel Module Programming
Tushar B Kute
 
Character drivers
Character driversCharacter drivers
Character drivers
pradeep_tewani
 
LCU14 500 ARM Trusted Firmware
LCU14 500 ARM Trusted FirmwareLCU14 500 ARM Trusted Firmware
LCU14 500 ARM Trusted Firmware
Linaro
 
Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)
Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)
Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)
Emertxe Information Technologies Pvt Ltd
 
BeagleBone Black Bootloaders
BeagleBone Black BootloadersBeagleBone Black Bootloaders
BeagleBone Black Bootloaders
SysPlay eLearning Academy for You
 
Linux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKBLinux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKB
shimosawa
 
Embedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernel
Embedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernelEmbedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernel
Embedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernel
Emertxe Information Technologies Pvt Ltd
 
Bootloaders (U-Boot)
Bootloaders (U-Boot) Bootloaders (U-Boot)
Bootloaders (U-Boot)
Omkar Rane
 
Linux Initialization Process (2)
Linux Initialization Process (2)Linux Initialization Process (2)
Linux Initialization Process (2)
shimosawa
 
U Boot or Universal Bootloader
U Boot or Universal BootloaderU Boot or Universal Bootloader
U Boot or Universal Bootloader
Satpal Parmar
 
Hands-on ethernet driver
Hands-on ethernet driverHands-on ethernet driver
Hands-on ethernet driver
SUSE Labs Taipei
 

What's hot (20)

Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKBLinux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKB
 
Embedded linux network device driver development
Embedded linux network device driver developmentEmbedded linux network device driver development
Embedded linux network device driver development
 
Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_
Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_
Trusted firmware deep_dive_v1.0_
 
Linux Device Tree
Linux Device TreeLinux Device Tree
Linux Device Tree
 
Embedded Android : System Development - Part IV
Embedded Android : System Development - Part IVEmbedded Android : System Development - Part IV
Embedded Android : System Development - Part IV
 
I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24
I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24
I2C Subsystem In Linux-2.6.24
 
Bootloaders
BootloadersBootloaders
Bootloaders
 
Uboot startup sequence
Uboot startup sequenceUboot startup sequence
Uboot startup sequence
 
Linux Internals - Part I
Linux Internals - Part ILinux Internals - Part I
Linux Internals - Part I
 
Part 02 Linux Kernel Module Programming
Part 02 Linux Kernel Module ProgrammingPart 02 Linux Kernel Module Programming
Part 02 Linux Kernel Module Programming
 
Character drivers
Character driversCharacter drivers
Character drivers
 
LCU14 500 ARM Trusted Firmware
LCU14 500 ARM Trusted FirmwareLCU14 500 ARM Trusted Firmware
LCU14 500 ARM Trusted Firmware
 
Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)
Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)
Embedded Android : System Development - Part II (Linux device drivers)
 
BeagleBone Black Bootloaders
BeagleBone Black BootloadersBeagleBone Black Bootloaders
BeagleBone Black Bootloaders
 
Linux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKBLinux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKB
Linux Kernel Booting Process (2) - For NLKB
 
Embedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernel
Embedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernelEmbedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernel
Embedded Linux Kernel - Build your custom kernel
 
Bootloaders (U-Boot)
Bootloaders (U-Boot) Bootloaders (U-Boot)
Bootloaders (U-Boot)
 
Linux Initialization Process (2)
Linux Initialization Process (2)Linux Initialization Process (2)
Linux Initialization Process (2)
 
U Boot or Universal Bootloader
U Boot or Universal BootloaderU Boot or Universal Bootloader
U Boot or Universal Bootloader
 
Hands-on ethernet driver
Hands-on ethernet driverHands-on ethernet driver
Hands-on ethernet driver
 

Similar to linux device driver

Device Drivers
Device DriversDevice Drivers
Device Drivers
Kushal Modi
 
Driver Programming Report
Driver Programming ReportDriver Programming Report
Driver Programming Report
Shivek Khurana
 
Operating System Concepts Presentation
Operating System Concepts PresentationOperating System Concepts Presentation
Operating System Concepts Presentation
Nitish Jadia
 
brief intro to Linux device drivers
brief intro to Linux device driversbrief intro to Linux device drivers
brief intro to Linux device drivers
Alexandre Moreno
 
Distributive operating system
Distributive operating systemDistributive operating system
Distributive operating system
Muhammad Adeel Rajput
 
Linux architecture
Linux architectureLinux architecture
Linux architecturemcganesh
 
Linux internal
Linux internalLinux internal
Linux internalmcganesh
 
Linux architecture
Linux architectureLinux architecture
Linux architecturemcganesh
 
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2
Embeddedcraft Craft
 
Windows Architecture Explained by Stacksol
Windows Architecture Explained by StacksolWindows Architecture Explained by Stacksol
Windows Architecture Explained by Stacksol
Stacksol
 
Device Drivers and Running Modules
Device Drivers and Running ModulesDevice Drivers and Running Modules
Device Drivers and Running Modules
YourHelper1
 
Linux-Internals-and-Networking
Linux-Internals-and-NetworkingLinux-Internals-and-Networking
Linux-Internals-and-Networking
Emertxe Information Technologies Pvt Ltd
 
Linux Kernel Development
Linux Kernel DevelopmentLinux Kernel Development
Linux Kernel Development
Priyank Kapadia
 
Embedded system - embedded system programming
Embedded system - embedded system programmingEmbedded system - embedded system programming
Embedded system - embedded system programming
Vibrant Technologies & Computers
 
Writing Character driver (loadable module) in linux
Writing Character driver (loadable module) in linuxWriting Character driver (loadable module) in linux
Writing Character driver (loadable module) in linux
RajKumar Rampelli
 
CS403: Operating System : Unit I _merged.pdf
CS403: Operating System :  Unit I _merged.pdfCS403: Operating System :  Unit I _merged.pdf
CS403: Operating System : Unit I _merged.pdf
Asst.prof M.Gokilavani
 

Similar to linux device driver (20)

Device Drivers
Device DriversDevice Drivers
Device Drivers
 
Driver Programming Report
Driver Programming ReportDriver Programming Report
Driver Programming Report
 
Device drivers tsp
Device drivers tspDevice drivers tsp
Device drivers tsp
 
Walking around linux kernel
Walking around linux kernelWalking around linux kernel
Walking around linux kernel
 
Operating System Concepts Presentation
Operating System Concepts PresentationOperating System Concepts Presentation
Operating System Concepts Presentation
 
Linux io
Linux ioLinux io
Linux io
 
brief intro to Linux device drivers
brief intro to Linux device driversbrief intro to Linux device drivers
brief intro to Linux device drivers
 
Distributive operating system
Distributive operating systemDistributive operating system
Distributive operating system
 
Linux architecture
Linux architectureLinux architecture
Linux architecture
 
Linux internal
Linux internalLinux internal
Linux internal
 
Linux architecture
Linux architectureLinux architecture
Linux architecture
 
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM PART 2
 
Windows Architecture Explained by Stacksol
Windows Architecture Explained by StacksolWindows Architecture Explained by Stacksol
Windows Architecture Explained by Stacksol
 
Device Drivers and Running Modules
Device Drivers and Running ModulesDevice Drivers and Running Modules
Device Drivers and Running Modules
 
Linux-Internals-and-Networking
Linux-Internals-and-NetworkingLinux-Internals-and-Networking
Linux-Internals-and-Networking
 
Input output in linux
Input output in linuxInput output in linux
Input output in linux
 
Linux Kernel Development
Linux Kernel DevelopmentLinux Kernel Development
Linux Kernel Development
 
Embedded system - embedded system programming
Embedded system - embedded system programmingEmbedded system - embedded system programming
Embedded system - embedded system programming
 
Writing Character driver (loadable module) in linux
Writing Character driver (loadable module) in linuxWriting Character driver (loadable module) in linux
Writing Character driver (loadable module) in linux
 
CS403: Operating System : Unit I _merged.pdf
CS403: Operating System :  Unit I _merged.pdfCS403: Operating System :  Unit I _merged.pdf
CS403: Operating System : Unit I _merged.pdf
 

Recently uploaded

Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.pptThesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
EverAndrsGuerraGuerr
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Jisc
 
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleHow to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
Celine George
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Sandy Millin
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Special education needs
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
bennyroshan06
 
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdfSectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPHow to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
Celine George
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
EugeneSaldivar
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Atul Kumar Singh
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
Jisc
 
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfWelcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
TechSoup
 
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideasThe geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
GeoBlogs
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MIRIAMSALINAS13
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Vikramjit Singh
 
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chipsFish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
GeoBlogs
 
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfUnit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Thiyagu K
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
DeeptiGupta154
 
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptxSupporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Jisc
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.pptThesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
 
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleHow to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
 
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdfSectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
 
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPHow to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
 
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfWelcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
 
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideasThe geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
 
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chipsFish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
 
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfUnit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
 
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptxSupporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
 

linux device driver