Temporary removable partial dentures are interim prostheses used until a definitive prosthesis can be provided. They aim to reestablish esthetics, maintain space, improve tolerance to wearing a prosthesis, and condition tissues. Different types include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic RPDs are made with a resin base and acrylic teeth connected with wire clasps. They are indicated when cost is a concern or temporary use is needed. Care must be taken to minimize tissue damage and maintain oral hygiene with acrylic RPDs.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Fabrication of functional complete dentures for edentulous patients who have undergone hemimandibulectomy is a very arduous and demanding endeavor.
The most challenging situation encountered during this procedure is the deviation of the mandible to the resected side. The deviation of the mandible to the resected side is directly proportional to the loss of tissues in the area hemi-mandibulectomy has been performed.
In cases with Cantor and Curtis classes II, III, IV, and V, guide flange prosthesis would be a treatment modality. For guide flange prosthesis to be effective, the sufficient number of posterior teeth that are periodontally sound should be present in the opposite arch.
In patients where reconstruction is not done after resection of the mandible, scar tissue formation occurs over a period of time that stiffens the tissues and worsens prosthetic rehabilitation, leading to compromised treatment planning.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Fabrication of functional complete dentures for edentulous patients who have undergone hemimandibulectomy is a very arduous and demanding endeavor.
The most challenging situation encountered during this procedure is the deviation of the mandible to the resected side. The deviation of the mandible to the resected side is directly proportional to the loss of tissues in the area hemi-mandibulectomy has been performed.
In cases with Cantor and Curtis classes II, III, IV, and V, guide flange prosthesis would be a treatment modality. For guide flange prosthesis to be effective, the sufficient number of posterior teeth that are periodontally sound should be present in the opposite arch.
In patients where reconstruction is not done after resection of the mandible, scar tissue formation occurs over a period of time that stiffens the tissues and worsens prosthetic rehabilitation, leading to compromised treatment planning.
Overdentures are a useful treatment option in many clinical situations. A simple complete lower overdenture which encloses the roots of two root-treated canines has been shown above (Fig. 12.51). Cases can be more complicated than this. The reduction in the crowns of the teeth may have occurred due to tooth wear from a combination of erosion and attrition. In the elderly, where such tooth reduction has occurred, root canal treatment may not be necessary. The removal of the roots will not benefit the patient and the overdenture is the best form of treatment.
Less common situations, such as partial anodontia, cleft palate or loss of tooth crown substance in dentinogenesis imperfecta, may also require restoration using overdentures. The distinction between an onlay and an overdenture is not clear-cut and a potentially difficult partial denture treatment, such as the restoration of a free end saddle, may be helped by the coverage of a canine or molar tooth with a reduced crown rather than a more involved crown restoration.
In the case illustrated in Figure 12.53, an elderly patient has severe tooth surface loss. The aetiology of this wear must be diagnosed before treatment is commenced. For instance, is this wear a result of parafunction or erosion from the consumption of acidic drinks? The remaining dentition has been restored and a definitive overdenture placed.
Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)Taseef Hasan Farook
A simplified take on the steps to designing a Fixed partial denture. This presentation also includes an overview of abutment preparation, associated finishes and methods of impression taking prior to the designing of the prosthesis itself
Discuss the role of treatment plan in partial denture /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Overdenture is a favored treatment modality for elderly patients with few remaining teeth. Roots maintained under the denture base preserve the alveolar ridge, provide sensory feedback and improve the stability of the dentures. Furthermore, the use of copings and precision attachments on the remaining teeth enhances the retention of the denture. This clinical report describes a novel method of fabricating a tooth supported overdenture retained with custom made ball attachments using orthodontic separators as a female component. Customized ball attachments with orthodontic separators are a simple and cost effective alternative treatment to the use of prefabricated attachments for enhancing the retention of tooth supported overdentures.
An immediate complete denture is a dental prosthesis constructed to replace the lost dentition and associate structure of the maxillae and/or mandible and inserted immediately following removal of remaining teeth.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
6. Is a dental prosthesis that substitute
teeth and associated structures in
partially edentulous arch made from
acrylic resin and can be removed
and replaced at will.
Temporary removable partial
dentures
7. Temporary RPD:
A removable prosthesis that is used
temporarily for a period of time until
a more definitive prosthesis can be
provided.
8. 1. Reestablish Esthetic or Appearance.
2. Maintenance of space.
3. Improving patient tolerance for wearing a
prosthesis
4. Reestablishing occlusal relationships.
5. Conditioning teeth and residual ridges.
6. An interim restoration during treatment.
objectives:
9. 1- Reestablish Esthetic or
Appearance.
Before and After construction of the
immediate treatment partial denture
10. 2. Maintenance of space
In young patients the space should be
maintained until the adjacent teeth have
reached sufficient maturity to be used as
abutments for fixed restorations
In adult patients can prevent undesirable
migration and extrusion of adjacent or
opposing teeth until definitive treatment
can be accomplished.
12. 3. Improving patient tolerance
for wearing a prosthesis
Allows a period in which
the patient can gradually
adapt to permanent
prosthesis.
13. 4. Reestablishment of occlusal
relationships
Temporary RPDs may be used
as occlusal splint
To establish a new occlusal
relationship or occlusal vertical
dimension
14. The increase in occlusal vertical
dimension is sometimes necessary to
accommodate the required restorations,
to be tolerated by the patient
15. 5. To condition teeth and ridge
tissue
Temporary RPDs or occlusal
splint
Prepare or condition the teeth and
ridge tissue for the definitive
removable partial denture that will
follow.
Carry tissue treatment material to
abused oral tissues.
16. 6. Interim restoration during
treatment
Replaced with fixed restorations
Age
Newly extraction
Implant healing period
17. An interim denture can be helpful in
patients exhibiting gingival trauma
as a result of a deep incisal overbite
18. Prevention of gingival trauma should not be
attempted with an onlay appliance covering
only the posterior teeth as continued
eruption of the anterior teeth may result in
the original traumatic relationship
19. In the young patient the palatal table may
allowing further eruption of the posterior
teeth and causing some intrusion of the
mandibular anterior teeth
20. Indications
1. Young Patients
2. Elderly Patients whose health
contraindicates lengthy and physically
tiring procedures
3. When cost is a prime requisite, and
patients who cannot afford the
expenses of metallic pd or fixed
restorations
21. Indications
4.When a diagnostic or interim
(Temporary) partial denture is
required before a definite
restoration.
5.As a template for implant
location
22. Indications
6. Treatment Partial Denture
A. Carry tissue treatment material to abused
oral tissues.
B. To re-establish the vertical dimension of
occlusion .
C. As a splint following surgical corrections
D. As a night guard or mouth protective
device to correct or control undesirable
oral habits, or to protect the mouth and
teeth from trauma.
23. Advantages of acrylic partial dentures
over Cobalt Chrome partial dentures
Light in weight.
Good appearance
Not expensive (Low cost)
Easy to construct and to repair
Less laboratory and clinical
time consuming
24. Disadvantages of acrylic partial
dentures
Poor thermal conductivity
Lower strength (easily broken)
Less hygienic
Tendency for warpage if
overheated during polishing.
25. Types of Temporary RPDs
A. Interim Removable Partial
Denture (RPD)
B. Transitional RPD
C. Treatment RPD
D. Immediate RPD
26. Removable partial dentures that is
used temporarily for a period of
time until a more definitive
prosthesis can be provided.
Temporary RPDs
27. A- Interim Removable partial dentures
Definition:
It is dental prosthesis used for a limited
period of time to enhance:
• Esthetics
• Function (mastication and speech)
• Occlusal support
• Stabilization and Convenience.
28. Is to condition the patient to
the acceptance of an
artificial substitute for
missing natural teeth until
more definitive prosthodontic
therapy can be provided
Objectives of using an Interim RPD
29. It may be indicated when age and
time factors may prohibit the
construction of the definitive
prosthesis.
(Permanent in some cases)
Objectives of using an Interim RPD
31. Indications
Large pulps (can’t fabricate bridge)
Clinical crowns too short
No usable undercuts
Children - permanent prosthesis would
be quickly outgrown
Temporary space maintenance (caries,
trauma, congenitally missing teeth)
34. Temporary time or financial
constraints
Sudden loss of teeth, before sufficient
healing has occurred (accidents, after
extractions)
Indications
35.
36.
37. B- Transitional RPD
Transition to a complete denture
Teeth need to be extracted but not
immediately (medically
compromised)
Patient is not psychologically
prepared
38. As will be replaced by the definitive
prosthesis after tissue changes have
occurred.
i.e. Not all the artificial teeth will be
replaced at the same time (one by one).
It may become an interim complete
denture when all natural teeth have
been removed from the dental arch.
42. C- Treatment Removable PD
Improve a condition before a
definitive denture
It is another form of Temporary
prosthesis that is used to
improve, treating or conditioning
the tissues.
44. Papillary hyperplasia (massage, Brushing,
With or without surgery)
Acute inflammation (increase tissue
adaptation and redistribute the stress)
May use the existing denture or a new
treatment denture may be made
Tissue conditioning
Treatment Denture
46. • Alteration of vertical dimension /
occlusion
• Determine how patient will respond to
changes (TMD)
• Surgical Splint
Removal of palatal tori
Treatment Denture
59. Clasps (Wrought wire 0.02”)
Ball clasps
Rest and retentive elements
Design
60. Clasps (Wrought wire 0.02”)
Adams clasps
Rest and retentive elements
Design
61. Bracing
Lingual/palatal major connector
provides bracing
Contacts teeth at the heights of
contour
Design
62. Rests
Usually wrought wire
Acrylic may be used over cingulum
rest seats
Longer term use
- cast retainers
Design
63. Design
Major Connectors
Full palatal coverage increases
strength & stability
Extend denture to first molar
Retentive clasps embedded into
major connector
66. It is mucosa borne acylic RPD without
clasps that replaces missing maxillary
anterior teeth.
Spoon denture
Dentures whose
retention depends
primarily on control
by the patient’s
musculature.
67. Where an acrylic denture is provided, tissue damage
is minimized by careful design of “spoon” denture.
It reduces gingival margin coverage to a minimum
but a potential hazard is the risk of inhalation or
ingestion.
aid stability and retention
68. Spoon denture was modified by frictional
contact between the connector and the
palatal surfaces of some of the posterior
teeth or by adding wrought wire clasps.
69. Which can be used for restoring multiple
bounded saddle areas in the upper jaw.
Every denture
70. Six principles are:
1. Arch completed through a series of contact points
2. Flanges establish lateral and antero-posterior
stability
3. Large denture base for retention and support
(maximum area coverage within physiological
limit)
4. Denture base with wide embrasures to preserve
gingival health (reduces gingival margin coverage
to a minimum)
5. Free occlusion to minimize occlusal forces
6. Post damming to improve retention
71. The inaccurate fit will encourage plaque
formation with consequent periodontal disease
and caries, thus introducing an unnecessary and
avoidable risk to oral health.
Disadvantage
72. All denture borders are at least 3 mm
from the gingival margins.
The “open” design of saddle/tooth
junction is employed.
Every denture
73. Point contact between the artificial teeth and
abutment teeth is established to reduce
lateral stress to a minimum.
Every denture
Posterior wire “stops” are
included to prevent distal
drift of the posterior teeth
with consequent loss of
the contact points.
75. Flanges are included to assist the
bracing of the denture.
Every denture
Lateral stresses are
reduced by achieving as
much balanced occlusion
and articulation as possible.
76. Which has extensions into undercuts
on the labial surfaces of the teeth.
The swing-lock RPD
77. It consists of a labial/buccal retaining bar,
hinged at one end and locked with a latch
at the other, together with
The swing-lock RPD
a reciprocating lingual
plate to gain a
maximum retention and
stability.
78. The bar incorporate rigid struts or
an acrylic veneer which make
prosthesis immobile.
The swing-lock RPD
83. The denture can be particularly
helpful where the remaining
natural teeth offer very little
undercut for conventional clasp
retention.
Advantages
84. The “gate” can carry a labial acrylic
veneer. This veneer can be used to
improve the appearance when a
considerable amount of root surface
has been exposed following
periodontal surgery.
Advantages
85. Disadvantage
As this type of denture covers a
considerable amount of gingival
margin, the standard of plaque
control must be high.
94. A) The mucosa will become inflamed and
the bone will resorb.
B) The amount of bone which has been
destroyed is apparent when the
denture is removed.
A) B)
95. Take care
Utilizing Acrylic Interim Partials
2. Patients can be more
susceptible to caries as the
acrylic pd and remaining
natural teeth can become
target for plaque accumulation
96. 3. Patients need Extra
prophylactic measures such as
more frequent hygiene visits
and regular use of fluoride
should be recommended.
97. 4. Patients who insist on
wearing their prosthesis
while they sleep should
leave their partial out for
several hours during the day
(tissue rest)
98. 5. When using clasps for retention,
care should be taken not to
interfere with patient’s normal
occlusion.
Occlusal interferences are one of
the main reasons for poor
patient compliance with these
appliances.
99. doesn’t need
it.
and the
person who
dislike you
won’t believe
Because the person who
likes you
Never explain yourself to
anyone.
100. Denture base extended on to the teeth
to aid stability and retention. This
extension also provides support
101. Wire "stops" must be included on the distal
surface of the most distally placed natural
teeth in the arch. In addition to providing point
contact, the stops also help to prevent anterior
movement of the denture base as well as distal
movement of the natural teeth.
102. “Every” design principles dictate that
denture coverage should always be minimal
to prevent accumulation of plaque and
mechanical irritation of the gingivae.
103. An Every denture covers a large palatal area yet
its contact with the standing teeth is minimal.
Resistance to anterior displacement is also
derived from the stops placed on the distal
surface of the molar teeth
104. Connectors to the saddles should
be narrow to provide suitable
clearance for the gingivae
105. A minimum clearance of 3 mm is
regarded as a satisfactory
distance.
106. The denture base must not encroach on
the gingivae. A detrimental effect on
these tissues can result from mechanical
irritation and stagnation of food debris.
107. Care must be taken to prevent inter-
proximal stagnation areas by
creating self-cleansing wide
embrasures as illustrated here.
108. Stability of the Every denture against
lateral and posterior displacement is
achieved by the incorporation of
labial and buccal flanges
109. Correct extension of the flanges is
important as over or under extension
will affect denture stability.
110. Creating "free" occlusion is an
essential feature for stability
b, Free occlusion in
lateral excursion
a, Centric occlusion
111. When free occlusion is created cuspal interference is
eliminated during jaw movements: This helps to
preserve stability of the denture and minimize trauma.
Selective grinding of the teeth during the setting up will
enable lateral and protrusive excursions without
interference from the natural teeth
112. 1. Applegate O.C.: Essentials of removable partial denture prosthesis. 1st ed. Philadelphia (PA): W. B. Saunders Co. 2000.
2. Aviv I, Ben-Ur Z, Cardash HS. An analysis of rotational movement of asymmetrical distal-extension removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent; 61:211-214. 1989.
3. Davenport, J.C. and Pollard, A.: Aspects of partial denture design; University of Birmingham .U.K. 2005.
4. Davenport, J.C., Basker, R.M., Heath, J.R. and Ralph, J.P.: A colour Atlas of Removable Partial Dentures. Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd. 2005.
5. Applegate O.C.: Essentials of removable partial denture prosthesis. 1st ed. Philadelphia (PA): W. B. Saunders Co. 2000.
6. Bas Garcia LT. The use of a rotational-path design for a mandibular removable partial denture. Compend Contin Educ Dent;25:552-567. 2004.
7. El Gamrawy, E. A.: Basic principles of Removable Partial Denture. Clinical course. Fifth ed. 1990.
8. Firtell DN, Jacobson TE. Removable partial dentures with rotational paths of insertion: Problem analysis. J Prosthet Dent;50:8-15. 1983.
9. Garver DG. A new clasping system for unilateral distal extension removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent;39: 268-273. 1987.
10.Halberstam SC, Renner RP. The rotational path removable partial denture: The over-looked alternative. Compendium;14: 544-552. 1993.
11.J. C. Davenport, R. M. Basker, J. R. Heath, J. P. Ralph, P-O. Glantz and P. Hammond: Clasp design, BDJ. JANUARY 27, VOLUME 190, NO. 2, PAGES 71-81.
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12.J. C. Davenport, R. M. Basker, J. R. Heath, J. P. Ralph, P-O. Glantz5 and P. Hammond: Indirect retention, EBRUARY 10, VOLUME 190, NO. 3, PAGES 128-132.
2001
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14.Davenport, J. C.,. Basker R. M,. Heath, J. R. Ralph J. P,. Glantz P-O and Hammond P.: Tooth preparation, MARCH 24, VOLUME 190, NO. 6, PAGES 288-294.
2001.
15. Davenport J. C., R. M. Basker, J. R. Heath, J. P. Ralph, P-O. Glantz5 and P. Hammond: Bracing and reciprocation, JJANUARY 13, VOLUME 190, NO. 1, PAGES
10-14,2001.
16.Davies, R. M. J. Gray and J. F. McCord: Good occlusal practice in removable prosthodontics NOVEMBER 10, VOLUME 191, NO. 9, PAGES 491-502. 2001
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Bibliography