Karnataka was formed on November 1, 1956 by merging several princely states and districts. It has a population of over 61 million and an area of 191,976 square kilometers. Some of the major empires that ruled parts of Karnataka include the Kadambas, Gangas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Kalyani, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara empire, and Bahmani Sultanate. Kannada literature flourished under these empires and continues to be an important part of Karnataka's culture, with many famous poets and writers. Karnataka has significant natural resources like forests and wildlife as well as important irrigation projects.