Child Mental Health Problems

1. Juvenile Delinquency

2. CONTENT:
 Juvenile delinquency
 Risk factors
 Characteristics
 Causes
 Prevention
 Legal measures
 Role of school teachers

3. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Conduct by a
juvenile
characterized
by antisocial
behavior
that is beyond
parental control
and therefore
subject to legal
action

4. A violation of
the law
committed
by a juvenile
and not
punishable
by death or
life

5. MEANING
 Juvenile
delinquency is the
most important
aspect of the subject
matter of
criminology.
 Juvenile
delinquency, as a
legal concept is of
recent origin.
 Juvenile
delinquency is a big
breading centre of

6.  The word delinquency is derived from
the Latin word “delinquere” meaning de
i.e. away and linquere i.e. to leave thus,
meaning to leave or to abandon.

7. INCIDENCE
 According to NCRB (National Crime Records
Bureau) data for 2011 64% of all juvenile
criminals fall in the age group of 16-18 .
 In 2011 ,33887 juveniles were arrested for
25,178 instances of crime. Of these 1,211
juveniles in the 7-12 years age group , 11,019
in the age 12-16 years age group while 21,657
in the 16-18 years age group

8. Violent Crimes:
 Aggravated
assault
 Pick pocketing
 Homicide
 Rape
 Stealing
 Robbery
 Car thefts
 Burglaries
 violance

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The delinquency rates are many times higher for
boys than girls, that is, girls commit fewer
delinquencies than boy

16.  Nine out of 10 juvenile delinquents are first-
offenders and only one-tenth is recidivists or
past-offenders

17. The delinquency rates tend to
be highest during early
adolescence.

18. Juvenile delinquency is more in
urban than a rural phenomenon.

19. RISK FACTORS OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Individual risk factors
 low intelligence
 impulsiveness or the inability to
delay gratification

20. Family environment and peer influence
 The level of parental supervision
 Harsh punishment
 parental conflict or separation
 criminal parents or siblings
 parental abuse or neglect

21. Social and community
 The availability of drugs and firearms,
 community disorganization
 economic depravation.

23. CAUSES OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
 BIOLOGICAL
CAUSES
 Heredity defects and
glandular problems
 XYY type of
chromosomal
defects

24.  SOCIAL CAUSES
 Broken families
 single parent
families
 separated families,
frequent parents
fight
 lack of trust and
confidence among
the parents

25.  Alcoholic parents

26. Step parents

27.  Criminal parents or
psychological
problems in parents

28. Poverty

30. Neglect

32. Gender discrimination

33. Society:
 DEVELOPING NEGATIVE FEELING FROM THE
SOCIETY

34. Psychological concerns

35. Mental disability

36. Physical concerns

37.  Drug use

38. Peer group
influence
 friends commit crime
adolescents often
learn to do it
 Peer group rejection
 Abusive behaviour

39.  Personal Reasons
 The negative feelings
make the person
commit crime even if
he belongs to a good
family.

40. Educational Curriculum
 Delinquents are
typically non-
bookish and non-
academic
individuals who take
studies like a
burden. When they
fail in exams and get
scolded by their
family, they tend to
indulge themselves
in delinquent acts.

41. PREVENTION
 Education
 Recreation
 Community
involvement
 Creation of special
programs
 Parent-Child
Interaction Training
Program
 Bullying Prevention
Program

43. Education
 Teach children about
the effects of drugs,
gangs, sex, and
weapons
 This is particularly
important where
youth are barraged
with sexual and
violent images.
 Educational
programs have the
underlying intent of
encouraging hope
and opening up
opportunities for
young people

44. Recreation

45.  Recreation
programs allow
youths to connect
with other adults
and children in the
community
 sports, dancing,
music, rock
climbing, drama,
karate, bowling,
art, and other
activities.

46. Community involvement
 Involvement in community groups
provide youth with an opportunity to
interact in a safe social environment
 Girl scouts, boy scouts, church youth
groups, and volunteer groups all
involve within a community

47. Parent-Child Interaction Training
Program
 A therapist guides the parents, educating
them on how best to respond to their child's
behaviour whether positive or negative.

48.  The program has been shown to reduce
hyperactivity, attention deficit,
aggression, and anxious behaviour in
children

49. Bullying Prevention Program
 Bullying is unwanted,
aggressive behaviour
among school aged
children that involves
a real or perceived
power imbalance
 place in elementary
and junior high school
settings

50.  An anonymous
student questionnaire
fills teachers and
administrators in as to
who is doing the
bullying
 set up class rules and
facilitate discussions
that address the
problem.

53. Prevention Programs within the Juvenile Justice
System
 Drug rehabilitation assistance, counselling, and
educational opportunities
 provide them with job training, give them the
experience of living in a safe, stable environment,
and provide them with assistance to break
harmful habits

54. Functional Family Therapy
(FFT
 Program assists youth on parole by helping them
and their families communicate in more effective,
positive ways.

55. CONTROL MEASURES OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
 Accept the delinquent as a person in his own
right, and give affection and security.
 Watch for the signs of maladjustment; early
treatment may prevent this maladjusted.
 Providing the child with a variety of experiences
like music and dance, art and craft, etc. can serve
the purpose
 Change the conditions of home, school and
community that seem to give rise to such
behaviour.

56.  CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
 The first child guidance clinic was started in
Chicago in 1909.
 To prevent children from the possibility of
becoming neurotics and psychotics in later life.
 a team work job, the comprising of a psychiatrist,
clinical psychologist, educational psychologist,
psychiatric social workers, public health nurses,
paediatrician, speech therapist, occupational
therapist, and neurologist.

58. Specialized Programs Provided at Child
Guidance Clinic
 Early Intervention
 Intensive Family Support
 Play therapy
 Juvenile Fire setter Intervention Program
 Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Behavior
Problems

59. CHILD PLACEMENT
 Orphanages: Children who have no home, or
who for some reason could not be cared for by
their parents are placed in orphanages.
 Remand homes: The child is placed under the
care of doctors, psychiatrists, and other trained
personnel

62. JUVENILE HOME

64. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES

65. Apprentices Act of 1850:
 Orphans and poor children could take the benefit
of this Act.
 The Act also dealt with children who committed
petty offences

66. Reformatory Schools Act of 1897:
 Under this Act courts were empowered to send
for detention youthful male offenders to
Reformatory School for a period
Children Acts
Children Acts enacted by
Madras in 1920 and followed by
other States,

67. No child under 14 years of age
can be imprisoned under any
circumstances and no young
person between 14-16 years of
age can be imprisoned unless
he is certified to be an unruly
person

68. ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN
PREVENTING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY

69. School-Based Programs for Children and
Adolescents
 Life skills training;
 Socialization skills;
 Problem-solving and coping skills;
 Preparation for parenthood;
 Self-protection training.


71.  Life Skills Training

72.  Socialization Skills

73. Problem-solving and Coping Skills

74. Preparation for Parenthood

75. School-Community Programs

77. Use of School Facilities and
Resources
 workshops on child abuse
 Joint school-community adult education
programs
 School newsletters
 School staff can serve as consultants,
leaders, and facilitators of these programs