This document discusses juvenile delinquency, including its definition, causes, characteristics, prevention, and legal measures. It notes that juvenile delinquency is conduct by juveniles that violates the law and is beyond parental control. Key causes discussed include family environment, peer influence, social/community factors, and individual risk factors like low intelligence. Prevention strategies covered are education, recreation, community involvement, and specialized programs. The role of schools, child guidance clinics, and legislation are also summarized.

1. Juvenile Delinquency

2. CONTENT:
 Juvenile delinquency
 Risk factors
 Characteristics
 Causes
 Prevention
 Legal measures
 Role of school teachers

3. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Conduct by a
juvenile
characterized
by antisocial
behavior
that is beyond
parental control
and therefore
subject to legal
action

4. A violation of
the law
committed
by a juvenile
and not
punishable
by death or
life

5. MEANING
 Juvenile
delinquency is the
most important
aspect of the subject
matter of
criminology.
 Juvenile
delinquency, as a
legal concept is of
recent origin.
 Juvenile
delinquency is a big
breading centre of

6.  The word delinquency is derived from
the Latin word “delinquere” meaning de
i.e. away and linquere i.e. to leave thus,
meaning to leave or to abandon.

7. INCIDENCE
 According to NCRB (National Crime Records
Bureau) data for 2011 64% of all juvenile
criminals fall in the age group of 16-18 .
 In 2011 ,33887 juveniles were arrested for
25,178 instances of crime. Of these 1,211
juveniles in the 7-12 years age group , 11,019
in the age 12-16 years age group while 21,657
in the 16-18 years age group

8. Violent Crimes:
 Aggravated
assault
 Pick pocketing
 Homicide
 Rape
 Stealing
 Robbery
 Car thefts
 Burglaries
 violance

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The delinquency rates are many times higher for
boys than girls, that is, girls commit fewer
delinquencies than boy

16.  Nine out of 10 juvenile delinquents are first-
offenders and only one-tenth is recidivists or
past-offenders

17. The delinquency rates tend to
be highest during early
adolescence.

18. Juvenile delinquency is more in
urban than a rural phenomenon.

19. RISK FACTORS OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Individual risk factors
 low intelligence
 impulsiveness or the inability to
delay gratification

20. Family environment and peer influence
 The level of parental supervision
 Harsh punishment
 parental conflict or separation
 criminal parents or siblings
 parental abuse or neglect

21. Social and community
 The availability of drugs and firearms,
 community disorganization
 economic depravation.

23. CAUSES OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
 BIOLOGICAL
CAUSES
 Heredity defects and
glandular problems
 XYY type of
chromosomal
defects

24.  SOCIAL CAUSES
 Broken families
 single parent
families
 separated families,
frequent parents
fight
 lack of trust and
confidence among
the parents

25.  Alcoholic parents

26. Step parents

27.  Criminal parents or
psychological
problems in parents

28. Poverty

30. Neglect

32. Gender discrimination

33. Society:
 DEVELOPING NEGATIVE FEELING FROM THE
SOCIETY

34. Psychological concerns

35. Mental disability

36. Physical concerns

37.  Drug use

38. Peer group
influence
 friends commit crime
adolescents often
learn to do it
 Peer group rejection
 Abusive behaviour

39.  Personal Reasons
 The negative feelings
make the person
commit crime even if
he belongs to a good
family.

40. Educational Curriculum
 Delinquents are
typically non-
bookish and non-
academic
individuals who take
studies like a
burden. When they
fail in exams and get
scolded by their
family, they tend to
indulge themselves
in delinquent acts.

41. PREVENTION
 Education
 Recreation
 Community
involvement
 Creation of special
programs
 Parent-Child
Interaction Training
Program
 Bullying Prevention
Program

43. Education
 Teach children about
the effects of drugs,
gangs, sex, and
weapons
 This is particularly
important where
youth are barraged
with sexual and
violent images.
 Educational
programs have the
underlying intent of
encouraging hope
and opening up
opportunities for
young people

44. Recreation

45.  Recreation
programs allow
youths to connect
with other adults
and children in the
community
 sports, dancing,
music, rock
climbing, drama,
karate, bowling,
art, and other
activities.

46. Community involvement
 Involvement in community groups
provide youth with an opportunity to
interact in a safe social environment
 Girl scouts, boy scouts, church youth
groups, and volunteer groups all
involve within a community

47. Parent-Child Interaction Training
Program
 A therapist guides the parents, educating
them on how best to respond to their child's
behaviour whether positive or negative.

48.  The program has been shown to reduce
hyperactivity, attention deficit,
aggression, and anxious behaviour in
children

49. Bullying Prevention Program
 Bullying is unwanted,
aggressive behaviour
among school aged
children that involves
a real or perceived
power imbalance
 place in elementary
and junior high school
settings

50.  An anonymous
student questionnaire
fills teachers and
administrators in as to
who is doing the
bullying
 set up class rules and
facilitate discussions
that address the
problem.

53. Prevention Programs within the Juvenile Justice
System
 Drug rehabilitation assistance, counselling, and
educational opportunities
 provide them with job training, give them the
experience of living in a safe, stable environment,
and provide them with assistance to break
harmful habits

54. Functional Family Therapy
(FFT
 Program assists youth on parole by helping them
and their families communicate in more effective,
positive ways.

55. CONTROL MEASURES OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
 Accept the delinquent as a person in his own
right, and give affection and security.
 Watch for the signs of maladjustment; early
treatment may prevent this maladjusted.
 Providing the child with a variety of experiences
like music and dance, art and craft, etc. can serve
the purpose
 Change the conditions of home, school and
community that seem to give rise to such
behaviour.

56.  CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
 The first child guidance clinic was started in
Chicago in 1909.
 To prevent children from the possibility of
becoming neurotics and psychotics in later life.
 a team work job, the comprising of a psychiatrist,
clinical psychologist, educational psychologist,
psychiatric social workers, public health nurses,
paediatrician, speech therapist, occupational
therapist, and neurologist.

58. Specialized Programs Provided at Child
Guidance Clinic
 Early Intervention
 Intensive Family Support
 Play therapy
 Juvenile Fire setter Intervention Program
 Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Behavior
Problems

59. CHILD PLACEMENT
 Orphanages: Children who have no home, or
who for some reason could not be cared for by
their parents are placed in orphanages.
 Remand homes: The child is placed under the
care of doctors, psychiatrists, and other trained
personnel

62. JUVENILE HOME

64. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES

65. Apprentices Act of 1850:
 Orphans and poor children could take the benefit
of this Act.
 The Act also dealt with children who committed
petty offences

66. Reformatory Schools Act of 1897:
 Under this Act courts were empowered to send
for detention youthful male offenders to
Reformatory School for a period
Children Acts
Children Acts enacted by
Madras in 1920 and followed by
other States,

67. No child under 14 years of age
can be imprisoned under any
circumstances and no young
person between 14-16 years of
age can be imprisoned unless
he is certified to be an unruly
person

68. ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN
PREVENTING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY

69. School-Based Programs for Children and
Adolescents
 Life skills training;
 Socialization skills;
 Problem-solving and coping skills;
 Preparation for parenthood;
 Self-protection training.


71.  Life Skills Training

72.  Socialization Skills

73. Problem-solving and Coping Skills

74. Preparation for Parenthood

75. School-Community Programs

77. Use of School Facilities and
Resources
 workshops on child abuse
 Joint school-community adult education
programs
 School newsletters
 School staff can serve as consultants,
leaders, and facilitators of these programs