A blog post , providing a comprehensive understanding of juvenile justice system in Pakistan. It desribes basic conceptual understanding of juvenile deliequent, its factors, national and international instruments to address the issue, and concrete recommendations for the various stakeholders including policy makers, students, researchers, and academia to develop a roadmap for curbing the issue in true letter and spirit.
Indsicipline among the youth, ways to curb it effect and causes.Emmanuel Hanson
Indiscipline among youth is a major problem with many causes and negative effects. Some key causes include lack of parental guidance, societal influences like corruption, bad peer groups, influence of mass media, and urban issues like drug use. Effects of youth indiscipline include lack of respect for authority, increased juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, dropping out of school, teenage pregnancy, and children engaging in harmful income-generating activities. Solutions proposed include improving parenting techniques, emphasizing discipline and moral education in schools, community campaigns involving police and religious leaders, and providing guidance to at-risk youth.
2Source Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice.docxBHANU281672
2
Source: Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Introduction
Delinquency and the practice of juvenile justice occur not in a vacuum but in a social context. This does not mean that individual factors such as biological makeup and psychological functioning do not play a role in delinquency or the operation of juvenile justice. Nor does it imply that individuals do not make choices, often conscious choices, to engage in delinquent behaviors. However, it recognizes that individuals and the choices they make cannot be adequately understood without considering the social contexts in which they live and act. Social context also helps shape our views of juvenile crime and the operation of juvenile justice through the portrayal of delinquency and juvenile justice in the media. In fact, much of what most people (including many policy makers) know about juvenile crime and juvenile justice comes from the news media. However, the social context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice comprises more than the media. In the United States, juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice are influenced by a variety of factors found in the political economy of the United States and in communities, families, schools, peer groups, and other important socializing institutions. How political and economic arrangements and socializing
institutions such as families, schools, communities, and peers influence delinquency is a primary focus of theory and research in the field of criminology. Indeed, courses in criminology, juvenile delinquency, and criminological theory focus attention on how factors such as economic inequality, school failure, residence in high-crime neighborhoods, child-discipline practices, child abuse, association with criminally involved peers, and many other factors are related to delinquency. Explanations of illegal behavior that refer to such factors compose a significant body of criminological theory. Moreover, theories are important, as Stephen Pfohl has noted, because they “provide us with an image of what something is and how we might best act toward it.”1 The development of good theories of delinquency, then, could be used to develop policies that reduce or prevent it. They can also be used to develop effective responses to youths involved in the juvenile justice process. The following reading is intended to help you can a better understanding of the relationship between social context and delinquency and how various risk factors within this social context influence youths’ behavior.
Individual Factors and Delinquency
Many individual factors have been found to be related to delinquent behavior. These factors are often referred to as risk factors because their presence increases the likelihood of delinquency or involvement in the juvenile justice process. These risk factors consist of biological, genetic, or psychological charac.
2Source Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice.docxlorainedeserre
2
Source: Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Introduction
Delinquency and the practice of juvenile justice occur not in a vacuum but in a social context. This does not mean that individual factors such as biological makeup and psychological functioning do not play a role in delinquency or the operation of juvenile justice. Nor does it imply that individuals do not make choices, often conscious choices, to engage in delinquent behaviors. However, it recognizes that individuals and the choices they make cannot be adequately understood without considering the social contexts in which they live and act. Social context also helps shape our views of juvenile crime and the operation of juvenile justice through the portrayal of delinquency and juvenile justice in the media. In fact, much of what most people (including many policy makers) know about juvenile crime and juvenile justice comes from the news media. However, the social context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice comprises more than the media. In the United States, juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice are influenced by a variety of factors found in the political economy of the United States and in communities, families, schools, peer groups, and other important socializing institutions. How political and economic arrangements and socializing
institutions such as families, schools, communities, and peers influence delinquency is a primary focus of theory and research in the field of criminology. Indeed, courses in criminology, juvenile delinquency, and criminological theory focus attention on how factors such as economic inequality, school failure, residence in high-crime neighborhoods, child-discipline practices, child abuse, association with criminally involved peers, and many other factors are related to delinquency. Explanations of illegal behavior that refer to such factors compose a significant body of criminological theory. Moreover, theories are important, as Stephen Pfohl has noted, because they “provide us with an image of what something is and how we might best act toward it.”1 The development of good theories of delinquency, then, could be used to develop policies that reduce or prevent it. They can also be used to develop effective responses to youths involved in the juvenile justice process. The following reading is intended to help you can a better understanding of the relationship between social context and delinquency and how various risk factors within this social context influence youths’ behavior.
Individual Factors and Delinquency
Many individual factors have been found to be related to delinquent behavior. These factors are often referred to as risk factors because their presence increases the likelihood of delinquency or involvement in the juvenile justice process. These risk factors consist of biological, genetic, or psychological charac ...
Mubarak Al kaabi Analyzing criminal behavior.pdfmbkkmb2
Various factors can influence a child's development into a criminal, including family environment, interactions between social agents, and lack of support systems. A dysfunctional family or parental abuse can negatively impact a child's development. Without proper coordination between family and education, or access to mental healthcare, a child may engage in criminal behavior later in life due to these adverse childhood experiences. Understanding what drives criminals can help prevent future crimes by addressing their basic needs and the root causes that influenced their criminal behavior.
The document discusses how negative childhood experiences like abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence can increase criminal behavior later in life if not addressed early on through intervention. Most criminals come from broken homes or experienced abuse as children. Witnessing domestic violence as a child can harm psychosocial development and increase likelihood of continuing the abusive behavior. Early intervention programs that promote resilience can help deter children from joining gangs and using drugs, which often lead to criminal behavior.
This study aimed to investigate the factors of juvenile delinquency in Ajloun, Jordan from the perspective of employees at social institutions. A questionnaire was administered to 100 employees at social institutions to examine family, social, psychological, economic, and physical factors. The results showed that employees believe the family plays an active role in stimulating deviant behaviors in children through parenting styles, lack of supervision, and family conflicts. Social factors like peer relationships and characteristics of social institutions were also seen as potential causes of delinquency. The study recommended activating the role of schools and social workers in collaboration with families to help raise children and address their problems.
Factors affecting crime and means of ways to overcome violence Anusha J
-Crime is caused because of social and economic environment.
-The role of a few selected social factors in criminality, namely, family, neighbourhood, peer groups will be discussed.
-Ways to overcome violence
This document discusses juvenile delinquency, including definitions, theories, and factors that may contribute to delinquent behavior in youth. It defines a juvenile as a person under 18 years old. Key points discussed include:
- Differential association theory proposes that delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with others who model criminal techniques and provide definitions favorable to law-breaking.
- Potential contributing factors include physical issues like malnutrition, mental health problems, unfavorable home/school/neighborhood conditions, and lack of structured activities.
- Understanding why a minor commits a crime is important to prevent future offenses by addressing underlying issues and building protective barriers during youth.
Indsicipline among the youth, ways to curb it effect and causes.Emmanuel Hanson
Indiscipline among youth is a major problem with many causes and negative effects. Some key causes include lack of parental guidance, societal influences like corruption, bad peer groups, influence of mass media, and urban issues like drug use. Effects of youth indiscipline include lack of respect for authority, increased juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, dropping out of school, teenage pregnancy, and children engaging in harmful income-generating activities. Solutions proposed include improving parenting techniques, emphasizing discipline and moral education in schools, community campaigns involving police and religious leaders, and providing guidance to at-risk youth.
2Source Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice.docxBHANU281672
2
Source: Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Introduction
Delinquency and the practice of juvenile justice occur not in a vacuum but in a social context. This does not mean that individual factors such as biological makeup and psychological functioning do not play a role in delinquency or the operation of juvenile justice. Nor does it imply that individuals do not make choices, often conscious choices, to engage in delinquent behaviors. However, it recognizes that individuals and the choices they make cannot be adequately understood without considering the social contexts in which they live and act. Social context also helps shape our views of juvenile crime and the operation of juvenile justice through the portrayal of delinquency and juvenile justice in the media. In fact, much of what most people (including many policy makers) know about juvenile crime and juvenile justice comes from the news media. However, the social context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice comprises more than the media. In the United States, juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice are influenced by a variety of factors found in the political economy of the United States and in communities, families, schools, peer groups, and other important socializing institutions. How political and economic arrangements and socializing
institutions such as families, schools, communities, and peers influence delinquency is a primary focus of theory and research in the field of criminology. Indeed, courses in criminology, juvenile delinquency, and criminological theory focus attention on how factors such as economic inequality, school failure, residence in high-crime neighborhoods, child-discipline practices, child abuse, association with criminally involved peers, and many other factors are related to delinquency. Explanations of illegal behavior that refer to such factors compose a significant body of criminological theory. Moreover, theories are important, as Stephen Pfohl has noted, because they “provide us with an image of what something is and how we might best act toward it.”1 The development of good theories of delinquency, then, could be used to develop policies that reduce or prevent it. They can also be used to develop effective responses to youths involved in the juvenile justice process. The following reading is intended to help you can a better understanding of the relationship between social context and delinquency and how various risk factors within this social context influence youths’ behavior.
Individual Factors and Delinquency
Many individual factors have been found to be related to delinquent behavior. These factors are often referred to as risk factors because their presence increases the likelihood of delinquency or involvement in the juvenile justice process. These risk factors consist of biological, genetic, or psychological charac.
2Source Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice.docxlorainedeserre
2
Source: Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Introduction
Delinquency and the practice of juvenile justice occur not in a vacuum but in a social context. This does not mean that individual factors such as biological makeup and psychological functioning do not play a role in delinquency or the operation of juvenile justice. Nor does it imply that individuals do not make choices, often conscious choices, to engage in delinquent behaviors. However, it recognizes that individuals and the choices they make cannot be adequately understood without considering the social contexts in which they live and act. Social context also helps shape our views of juvenile crime and the operation of juvenile justice through the portrayal of delinquency and juvenile justice in the media. In fact, much of what most people (including many policy makers) know about juvenile crime and juvenile justice comes from the news media. However, the social context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice comprises more than the media. In the United States, juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice are influenced by a variety of factors found in the political economy of the United States and in communities, families, schools, peer groups, and other important socializing institutions. How political and economic arrangements and socializing
institutions such as families, schools, communities, and peers influence delinquency is a primary focus of theory and research in the field of criminology. Indeed, courses in criminology, juvenile delinquency, and criminological theory focus attention on how factors such as economic inequality, school failure, residence in high-crime neighborhoods, child-discipline practices, child abuse, association with criminally involved peers, and many other factors are related to delinquency. Explanations of illegal behavior that refer to such factors compose a significant body of criminological theory. Moreover, theories are important, as Stephen Pfohl has noted, because they “provide us with an image of what something is and how we might best act toward it.”1 The development of good theories of delinquency, then, could be used to develop policies that reduce or prevent it. They can also be used to develop effective responses to youths involved in the juvenile justice process. The following reading is intended to help you can a better understanding of the relationship between social context and delinquency and how various risk factors within this social context influence youths’ behavior.
Individual Factors and Delinquency
Many individual factors have been found to be related to delinquent behavior. These factors are often referred to as risk factors because their presence increases the likelihood of delinquency or involvement in the juvenile justice process. These risk factors consist of biological, genetic, or psychological charac ...
Mubarak Al kaabi Analyzing criminal behavior.pdfmbkkmb2
Various factors can influence a child's development into a criminal, including family environment, interactions between social agents, and lack of support systems. A dysfunctional family or parental abuse can negatively impact a child's development. Without proper coordination between family and education, or access to mental healthcare, a child may engage in criminal behavior later in life due to these adverse childhood experiences. Understanding what drives criminals can help prevent future crimes by addressing their basic needs and the root causes that influenced their criminal behavior.
The document discusses how negative childhood experiences like abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence can increase criminal behavior later in life if not addressed early on through intervention. Most criminals come from broken homes or experienced abuse as children. Witnessing domestic violence as a child can harm psychosocial development and increase likelihood of continuing the abusive behavior. Early intervention programs that promote resilience can help deter children from joining gangs and using drugs, which often lead to criminal behavior.
This study aimed to investigate the factors of juvenile delinquency in Ajloun, Jordan from the perspective of employees at social institutions. A questionnaire was administered to 100 employees at social institutions to examine family, social, psychological, economic, and physical factors. The results showed that employees believe the family plays an active role in stimulating deviant behaviors in children through parenting styles, lack of supervision, and family conflicts. Social factors like peer relationships and characteristics of social institutions were also seen as potential causes of delinquency. The study recommended activating the role of schools and social workers in collaboration with families to help raise children and address their problems.
Factors affecting crime and means of ways to overcome violence Anusha J
-Crime is caused because of social and economic environment.
-The role of a few selected social factors in criminality, namely, family, neighbourhood, peer groups will be discussed.
-Ways to overcome violence
This document discusses juvenile delinquency, including definitions, theories, and factors that may contribute to delinquent behavior in youth. It defines a juvenile as a person under 18 years old. Key points discussed include:
- Differential association theory proposes that delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with others who model criminal techniques and provide definitions favorable to law-breaking.
- Potential contributing factors include physical issues like malnutrition, mental health problems, unfavorable home/school/neighborhood conditions, and lack of structured activities.
- Understanding why a minor commits a crime is important to prevent future offenses by addressing underlying issues and building protective barriers during youth.
Juvenile delinquency refers to unlawful acts committed by minors under the age of 18. Theories like differential association theory and social learning theory suggest delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with peers who model criminal techniques, motives, and attitudes. Juvenile delinquency is influenced by physical, mental, home, school, neighborhood, and occupational conditions. It is a global issue associated with factors like poverty, family problems, and association with delinquent peers. Addressing the root causes early and providing a secure environment may help prevent future crimes.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors. There are four major risk factors that contribute to juvenile crime: substance abuse, family issues, personal issues, and easy access to drugs. To prevent delinquency, a harmonious family environment, support and supervision from parents, and facilities/extracurricular activities at school are important. Curative efforts involve actions from police and legal authorities to address symptoms of delinquency, while empowering youth can prevent re-offending. Neglect, abandonment or abuse can push a child toward criminal acts despite their normal capacity for obedience and morality.
Running head CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR1CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR8.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 8
How to Respond to Criminal Behavior among the Youth
Student’s Name
Institution
Introduction
Criminal behavior has been a major area of focus to most psychologists. This is especially due to the age old debate between nature and being well nurtured. It is the main responsibility of most parents to know the genetic makeup of their children, for the sake of responsible parenting and also, in order to determine the outcome of their behaviors and norms they chose to embrace. Research has been conducted regarding this debate for quite a while, and has proven that both genes and the general environment have a big role to play when it comes to the criminality of an individual(Levine, 2003). The behaviors adopted by children and the youth should be put into consideration, considering that this is what has an impact on the safety of the society and the nation at large. Poor upbringing for the youth hasa great role to play especially in determining the kind of negative behaviors they chose to embrace later in their lives. This paper shows the findings in research on aspects of criminal justice and at the same time, a presentation of the varying opinions on how to respond to criminal behavior among the youth.
Crime during the transition to adulthood
Transition from childhood to adulthood is a complexperiod especially for the youth. In most cases, it becomes difficult for the youth to engage in various systems and they tend to be more conscious of their aging. Whereas most of the youth gradually transform from childhood to adult hood, this is the major stage in life which should be taken more seriously and in most cases, be prioritized in the society (Florez, 2008). Families should give the youth a chance to express their views on different aspects. Through survey data, it was identified that more than 732 youth are transitioning from out of home care to adulthood across for major states.
Based on research aspects, offences committed are attributed to the youth in various countries. Foster youth, just like their peers, tend to engage in less crime over a period of time. Those who lack mentorship are more exposed to criminal elements and tend to participate more in criminal behavior (Ashford, 2009). However, foster youth also remain more prone to arrest just like their peers. The transition from childhood to adulthood should be well handled to ensure that children are raised in lawful environments and at the same time, are provided with basic resources and counseling to help them in the future.
Causes of criminal behavior among the youth
The youth are affected by violence. This includes all children especially between the ages of 12 and 16, who are more exposed to violence and are twice as likely as adults to be victims of such situations. Homicide is known to be the third leading cause of loss of life for people between the ages of 15 and 25. The increase in rates of rape, vic ...
The document discusses the social problem of poverty and how it relates to incarceration rates among minority groups. It argues that poverty predisposes disadvantaged groups like African Americans and Latinos to incarceration due to racial biases in policing and the criminal justice system. Poverty contributes to higher crime rates in poor neighborhoods and lack of access to resources like education and jobs. Discrimination in employment also makes it harder for disadvantaged groups to escape poverty, further increasing their likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior and incarceration.
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Juvenile Delinquency Essay examples
Juvenile Delinquency
I. The harsh beginnings.
Children were viewed as non persons until the 1700 s. They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. There were some major assumptions about life before the 1700 s.
The first assumption is that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for child bearing or romance.
The second assuption was that infant and child mortality were high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create...show more content...Industrialization.
Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine based labor intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making. People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams.
II. Urbanization.
There was a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced. These movable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper class increased, and stealing became a way of living.
These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now seperated from the home. During the hard times both parents took jo
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY CAUSES AND STRUCTURE (Maridel Miralles).pptKteeSugar
This document discusses juvenile delinquency, its causes, and social implications. It defines delinquency and juvenile delinquency. It explores factors like family dynamics (e.g. birth order, family size, home life), parenting skills, peer influences, and abuse/neglect as contributing to delinquent behavior. Theories discussed include social disorganization theory and strain theory. Gangs and drug use are also examined as relating to delinquency among adolescents.
Juvenile delinquency refers to criminal acts committed by minors under the age of 18. The document discusses the causes of and solutions to juvenile crime. Key causes include lack of social/moral values, peer pressure, electronic media addiction, school problems, and economic issues. School-based prevention programs that address bullying, drug use, anger management, and gang involvement have been shown to effectively reduce juvenile delinquency by teaching life skills and problem-solving techniques.
The document discusses socialization and its key concepts. It defines socialization as the process by which individuals learn the ways of functioning in society. It occurs through social interaction with various socialization agents like parents, teachers, peers and media. There are different types of socialization like primary, secondary and adult socialization. The roles of key socialization agents like parents, schools, peers and media are also explained. Factors influencing social interaction are also discussed. Lastly, simple ways citizens can contribute to improving society and the nation are provided.
Young Offenders- Shauna Minnock & Shannen O'ConnellShaunaMinnock
Young offenders in Ireland often face social problems and unmet needs that can contribute to criminal behavior. Many have undiagnosed mental health issues or come from families with histories of crime and difficulties in education. Studies find high rates of mental health disorders among juvenile offenders, yet they frequently experience delays in receiving necessary treatment. Addressing the vulnerabilities and complex needs of young offenders through early intervention and adequate social services may help prevent crime and support rehabilitation.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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Juvenile delinquency refers to unlawful acts committed by minors under the age of 18. Theories like differential association theory and social learning theory suggest delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with peers who model criminal techniques, motives, and attitudes. Juvenile delinquency is influenced by physical, mental, home, school, neighborhood, and occupational conditions. It is a global issue associated with factors like poverty, family problems, and association with delinquent peers. Addressing the root causes early and providing a secure environment may help prevent future crimes.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors. There are four major risk factors that contribute to juvenile crime: substance abuse, family issues, personal issues, and easy access to drugs. To prevent delinquency, a harmonious family environment, support and supervision from parents, and facilities/extracurricular activities at school are important. Curative efforts involve actions from police and legal authorities to address symptoms of delinquency, while empowering youth can prevent re-offending. Neglect, abandonment or abuse can push a child toward criminal acts despite their normal capacity for obedience and morality.
Running head CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR1CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR8.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 8
How to Respond to Criminal Behavior among the Youth
Student’s Name
Institution
Introduction
Criminal behavior has been a major area of focus to most psychologists. This is especially due to the age old debate between nature and being well nurtured. It is the main responsibility of most parents to know the genetic makeup of their children, for the sake of responsible parenting and also, in order to determine the outcome of their behaviors and norms they chose to embrace. Research has been conducted regarding this debate for quite a while, and has proven that both genes and the general environment have a big role to play when it comes to the criminality of an individual(Levine, 2003). The behaviors adopted by children and the youth should be put into consideration, considering that this is what has an impact on the safety of the society and the nation at large. Poor upbringing for the youth hasa great role to play especially in determining the kind of negative behaviors they chose to embrace later in their lives. This paper shows the findings in research on aspects of criminal justice and at the same time, a presentation of the varying opinions on how to respond to criminal behavior among the youth.
Crime during the transition to adulthood
Transition from childhood to adulthood is a complexperiod especially for the youth. In most cases, it becomes difficult for the youth to engage in various systems and they tend to be more conscious of their aging. Whereas most of the youth gradually transform from childhood to adult hood, this is the major stage in life which should be taken more seriously and in most cases, be prioritized in the society (Florez, 2008). Families should give the youth a chance to express their views on different aspects. Through survey data, it was identified that more than 732 youth are transitioning from out of home care to adulthood across for major states.
Based on research aspects, offences committed are attributed to the youth in various countries. Foster youth, just like their peers, tend to engage in less crime over a period of time. Those who lack mentorship are more exposed to criminal elements and tend to participate more in criminal behavior (Ashford, 2009). However, foster youth also remain more prone to arrest just like their peers. The transition from childhood to adulthood should be well handled to ensure that children are raised in lawful environments and at the same time, are provided with basic resources and counseling to help them in the future.
Causes of criminal behavior among the youth
The youth are affected by violence. This includes all children especially between the ages of 12 and 16, who are more exposed to violence and are twice as likely as adults to be victims of such situations. Homicide is known to be the third leading cause of loss of life for people between the ages of 15 and 25. The increase in rates of rape, vic ...
The document discusses the social problem of poverty and how it relates to incarceration rates among minority groups. It argues that poverty predisposes disadvantaged groups like African Americans and Latinos to incarceration due to racial biases in policing and the criminal justice system. Poverty contributes to higher crime rates in poor neighborhoods and lack of access to resources like education and jobs. Discrimination in employment also makes it harder for disadvantaged groups to escape poverty, further increasing their likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior and incarceration.
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You get an original and high-quality paper based on extensive research. The completed work will be correctly formatted, referenced and tailored to your level of study.
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We value your privacy. We do not disclose your personal information to any third party without your consent. Your payment data is also safely handled as you process the payment through a secured and verified payment processor.
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Every single order we deliver is written from scratch according to your instructions. We have zero tolerance for plagiarism, so all completed papers are unique and checked for plagiarism using a leading plagiarism detector.
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We strive to deliver quality custom written papers before the deadline. That's why you don't have to worry about missing the deadline for submitting your assignment.
✅ Free revisions
You can ask to revise your paper as many times as you need until you're completely satisfied with the result. Provide notes about what needs to be changed, and we'll change it right away.
✅ 24/7 Support
From answering simple questions to solving any possible issues, we're always here to help you in chat and on the phone. We've got you covered at any time, day or night.
Juvenile Delinquency Essay examples
Juvenile Delinquency
I. The harsh beginnings.
Children were viewed as non persons until the 1700 s. They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. There were some major assumptions about life before the 1700 s.
The first assumption is that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for child bearing or romance.
The second assuption was that infant and child mortality were high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create...show more content...Industrialization.
Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine based labor intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making. People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams.
II. Urbanization.
There was a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced. These movable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper class increased, and stealing became a way of living.
These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now seperated from the home. During the hard times both parents took jo
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A GUIDE TO JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN.pdf
1. A GUIDE TO JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
IN PAKISTAN
Quick Read
• Background
• Juvenile Justice: Concepts and Definitions
• Juvenile Delinquency
• Common Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquent
o Dispute among influential facts
o Deviancy among institution
o Disobeying of policy
2. o Performing overt acts
• Factors behind Juvenile Delinquency
• Social factors
o Incompetency in family relationships
o Split families
o Parental affiliation
o Defects of the school system
o Societal incompetency
• Psychological Factors
o Intellectual Inflammation
o Personality Attributes
o Vagrancy
• Money Matters:
• Preventive Measures for Juvenile Delinquency
• International Agreements for Juvenile Justice System
• Legal Measures for Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan
• Recommendations:
• References
Background
Under the ambit of criminal justice system, Juvenile delinquency is a global issue deeply
established in various sectors of society that exert influence over people’s lives (Hartjen,
2008). Children represent significant assets within our society, shaping the future
progress of nations. The prosperity of a nation correlates with each passing generation,
but if these assets become involved in unethical behavior, it can destroy societal
segments. Juvenile delinquency, fundamentally, involves the violation of laws by
individuals who have not yet reached the age of maturity (Bartollas et al., 1985).
Understanding the concept of juvenile delinquency, delinquents, and delinquent acts is
crucial. It comprises any unlawful act committed by minors or adults, as per
governmental laws, before age 18 (Bartollas et al., 1985). From established legal
frameworks constitutes delinquent behavior, which may include serious offenses such
as murder, theft, rape, and arson, among others. Pakistan faces significant challenges
arising from juvenile delinquency, including social intolerance, class discrimination,
developmental disparities between rural and urban areas, unemployment, illiteracy,
and inadequate roles played by families and schools.
Juvenile Justice: Concepts and Definitions
There are separate systems for dealing with adult criminals and young offenders in
today’s societies. The juvenile justice system is part of the overall criminal justice
system that explicitly handles cases involving children who have broken the law. Its
main goal is to ensure fairness and justice for all young people. Before delving into the
specifics of juvenile justice in Pakistan, let’s clarify some terms commonly used in this
field.
3. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, a juvenile is “a young person who is not
considered an adult yet.” A juvenile is defined as “someone who falls within an age
range specified by state law.” This age range varies globally, typically from 7 to 18 years
old. According to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance 2000, a juvenile is anyone under 18. The Dictionary of American
Criminal Justice, Criminology, and Criminal Law defines a juvenile as “a person under a
certain age (usually between seventeen or eighteen) who could be under the juvenile
court’s authority.” It’s important to note that juvenile, child, adolescent, and teenager
are often used interchangeably in the juvenile justice system.
Juvenile Delinquency
Juvenile delinquency refers to a wide range of behaviors, such as hanging out in loud
groups, skipping school, stealing, breaking the rules, and getting into fights or trouble.
It’s behavior by young people that goes against what their parents or guardians expect
and can lead to legal consequences. In the juvenile justice system, children who break
the law aren’t called criminals; they’re called delinquents. Instead of crimes, their wrong
actions are called delinquent acts.
Common Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquent
Dispute among influential facts
Parents, teachers, or older siblings are often identified as significant factors in causing
norm-breaking.
Deviancy among institution
kids is stubborn, disobedient behavior, skipping classes, or not showing up for school.
Disobeying of policy
They continuously stay away from their residences to avoid following rules or policies.
Performing overt acts
kids overact, like bullying, physical fights, involvement in gangs, or violent behavior.
Factors behind Juvenile Delinquency
Juvenile delinquency happens when young people under 18 break the law. It’s a mix of
two things: being under 18 and doing something against the law. There are many
reasons why this happens, some of which are the following:
Social factors
4. Social factors refer to societal influences that shape how individuals behave, especially
when they break group norms and engage in delinquent behavior during their
upbringing. These influences can come from various sources like family and
neighborhood. They are always present around individuals, encouraging them to adopt
the behaviors of their group. These behaviors are not necessarily learned but are
absorbed as part of being a member of that group or culture. However, when examined
systematically, social factors include the following:
Incompetency in family relationships
The family plays a significant role in how we grow and learn. It’s like a school where
we’re born and taught how to behave. In families, there’s usually someone in charge,
like a parent, and they pass on their ways of doing things to the next generation. If a
father is cheerful and spends time with the family, the child is likelier to behave well
and have a strong bond. But if a father does terrible things, it can affect the children and
lead them to misbehave. Delinquency, or destructive behavior, isn’t passed down like an
inheritance from older siblings to younger ones (Smith, 2007).
Split families
In split families, there’s only one parent around, like a single mom or dad, working
parents, divorced parents, or those where one parent has passed away. Because there’s
only one parent, they might not always be able to watch over the children, increasing
the likelihood of them getting into trouble (Akhmatkhonovna & Jamshid, 2021).
Parental affiliation
When parents have little bond with their children, there’s a higher likelihood of
delinquent behavior within the parent-child relationship. Therefore, fewer
opportunities for one-on-one interaction result in less responsiveness from parents
towards their children’s connections.
Defects of the school system
The environment in various institutions significantly influences how children develop
socially. For instance, if a school has strict rules and a conservative atmosphere,
children may become disinterested in attending. Consequently, they might face
disciplinary actions at school and pressure from their parents to continue their
education. This can hinder their cognitive development and may even result in physical
punishment. These environmental influences can have lasting effects on a child’s later
stages of life, including their professional career.
Societal incompetency
In a social environment marked by disorder, children may struggle with maintaining
focus, knowing how to behave, and avoiding trouble, leading to impairment.
Consequently, they may view society negatively and act impulsively without
5. considering the consequences (Scott & Grisso, 2004). When children feel disconnected
from society, they may turn to delinquent behavior to cope.
Psychological Factors
We’ve observed that psychological issues are closely tied to an individual’s inner
workings, where their brain controls all their actions and responses. It oversees
everything linked to an individual’s thinking. This includes psychological factors
contributing to juvenile delinquency:
Intellectual Inflammation
In many cases, there’s a similarity among psychological illnesses, leading individuals to
commit wrongful acts due to their tendency to make mistakes. Such individuals often
feel oppressed and prone to incorrect decisions (Sultanovna, 2022).
Personality Attributes
Personality combines physical and psychological traits that distinguish one person from
another. Certain traits, such as impoliteness and impulsivity, can lead to delinquent
behavior.
Vagrancy
Every person tends to vagrancy, which can manifest as aggression and an inability to
handle even minor punishment. This lack of consequence can significantly push
individuals toward criminal behavior.
Money Matters:
Money problems are only one of the reasons why young people turn to crime. But life is
more complicated for them when kids don’t have what they need to live. Society also
plays a big part in this. When kids see their friends or neighbors living fancy lives, they
might feel missing out. This can push them towards bad choices to get all the nice things
they see. Sometimes, because of pressure from society, they hang out with the wrong
crowd and do things they shouldn’t.
Preventive Measures for Juvenile Delinquency
While technology has made life easier, it also has its downsides, sometimes leading
people away from the right path. Generation gaps, especially between parents and
children, significantly affect family bonds. Parents must monitor their kids’ activities to
ensure their development isn’t negatively impacted. Providing awareness, considering
their perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging, and rewarding positive behavior can
help kids become confident and responsible members of society.
6. Education is crucial for dealing with challenging situations. It’s the pathway to earning a
respectable living and leading a peaceful life. A healthy mind leads to a healthy body.
Engaging in positive activities influences your behavior, attitude, and, ultimately, your
well-being.
International Agreements for Juvenile Justice System
According to the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), kids
and teens who need legal help should get it reasonably and without any discrimination.
Their well-being should be the top priority. Also, no child should ever face torture or
other cruel treatment. These agreements aim to ensure fairness in the justice system.
The Riyadh Guidelines
These guidelines, adopted by the UN, focus on treating young people fairly within the
legal system. They’re based on various human rights declarations and treaties
specifically for children. They’re adapted to fit each country’s circumstances.
The Beijing Rules
The UN sets These rules to guide how young people are treated in the legal system. They
stress the importance of considering young people’s and their families’ well-being and
using community resources to help them.
7. Legal Measures for Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan
Juvenile Justice System Act, 2018
This law focuses on handling cases involving young offenders in a way that helps them
reintegrate into society. It introduces the concept of diversion, where minor cases to
deal with outside formal court processes. It also allows the government to set up
8. educational and certified institutions to support the social reintegration of young
offenders.
The Balochistan Borstal Institutions Act, 2014
This act establishes Borstal Institutions in Balochistan to educate and train juvenile
offenders for personal development. It ensures separate facilities for female inmates
and provides opportunities for them to work and to release on parole under certain
conditions.
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Borstal Institutions Act, 2012
This act is like the Balochistan Borstal Institutions Act but is specific to the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province.
Punjab Probation of Offenders Ordinance 1960
This ordinance allows courts to release offenders on conditional discharge instead of
imprisonment under certain conditions. It aims to rehabilitate offenders and prevent
repeat offenses.
The Sindh Children Act, 1955
This act establishes Juvenile Courts for cases involving children under sixteen. It
ensures that these courts have exclusive jurisdiction over children’s cases and are
separate from regular courts.
Recommendations:
• Parents, especially mothers, play a crucial role in positively shaping a child’s
behavior. Investing in parental education is critical, as a mother’s embrace is
often said to be the best school for a child.
• Both parents and the government need to focus on ensuring children’s basic
needs for growth and health are met, including access to medical care, shelter,
nutrition, and clothing, as many children lack these necessities.
• Creating a respectful, trusting, sympathetic, and hospitable home environment
with cooperation and understanding fosters a friendly atmosphere for children.
• Society should provide educational and recreational opportunities for children to
develop skills, receive training, enjoy recreation, and have social security.
• Governments should make concerted efforts to address societal issues
contributing to juvenile delinquency. They should also monitor and regulate the
treatment of juveniles by law enforcement and the media.
• State-level decisions should prioritize social improvements and reforms to
prevent juvenile crime involvement.
9. • The media, both electronic and print, can contribute to child rehabilitation by
raising public awareness about delinquent behaviour and fostering positive
attitudes among parents and society.
• Dealing with juvenile delinquency requires specialized knowledge and expertise
from jail staff and lawyers.
• Police staff in jails should receive psychological education to be more empathetic
and understanding towards delinquents.
• Legal and social measures should implement to protect children from various
forms of abuse and injustice.
• Children may allow to express their views and participate in decisions affecting
their lives.
• Regular coordination between federal and provincial juvenile centers is essential
for a functional juvenile justice system.
• The establishment of a national commission on the rights of the child and the
prohibition of corporal punishment can ensure proper oversight and
accountability in the treatment of juveniles.
• Separate juvenile institutions with healthcare, education, and training facilities
should set up.
• Custodial sentences should be minimized, and alternative measures like
community service or probation should be preferred.
• Providing training for staff involved in the juvenile justice system is crucial to
sensitizing them to children’s needs and rights.
Sr. Writer at Irfannawaz.com
Mooness Sattar
References
Akhmatkhonovna, G. K., & Jamshid, T. (2021). Pedagogical and Psychological and
Psychological factors of suicidal behavior of minors. Galaxy International
Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 9(12), 1053-1058.
Bartollas, C., Schmalleger, F., & Turner, M. G. (1985). Juvenile delinquency. Wiley.
Hartjen, C. A. (2008). Youth, crime, and justice: A global inquiry. Rutgers University
Press.
Scott, E. S., & Grisso, T. (2004). Developmental incompetence, due process, and juvenile
justice policy. NCL Rev., 83, 793.
Smith, I. (2007). Being tough on the causes of crime: Tackling family breakdown to
prevent youth crime. Social Justice Challenge, 1-15.
10. Sultanovna, Y. G. (2022). Psychological mechanisms of crime prevention among
teenagers (Family aspect). American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and
Development, 9, 266-273.