A juvenile delinquent is a person who has not yet reached the age of maturity, and whose behavior has been labeled delinquent by a court. It was William Coxson who in 1484, used the term ‘delinquent’ to describe a person found guilty of customary offence. In simpler words it may be said that delinquency is a form of behavior or rather misbehavior or deviation from the generally accepted norms of conduct in the society.

1. Content:.
Juvenile delinquency
Causes
Crimes and offensive behavior
Prevention
.
Kristi Kõiv

2. A juvenile delinquent is a
person who has not yet reached
the age of maturity, and whose
behavior has been labeled
delinquent by a court.

3. It was William Coxson who in 1484, used the term
‘delinquent’ to describe a person found guilty of
customary offence. In simpler words it may be said
that delinquency is a form of behavior or rather
misbehavior or deviation from the generally
accepted norms of conduct in the society.

4. Causes
• broken homes (family)
• poor housing conditions
• friends’ influence
• exclusion
• racial descrimination
• violence on TV, radio and Internet

5. Crimes and behaviours youth
may be arrested for:
Violent Crimes:
• Aggravated assault;
• Homicide;
• Rape;
• Robbery;

6. Property Crimes:
• Arson
• Car thefts
• Burglaries
• Larceny

7. Kristi KõivKristi KõivKristi Kõiv
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
PROPERTY
VIOLATIONS
STATUS
OFFENCES
OPPOSITSIONAL
destructive
overt
nondestructive
covert
Source: Frick et al.,1993
AGGRESSION

8. Kristi KõivKristi KõivKristi KõivKristi Kõiv
Self-reportedSelf-reported frequentfrequent types of antisocial behaviortypes of antisocial behavior: prison: prison
destructive
nondestructive
covert overt
AGGRESSION
Damaging property
Theft (minor, medium and
major items)
Telling lies
Theft of things (really
unneeded)
Attacking someone with fists
Gang fights
Beating children
Hurting someone on purpose
Use of weapons
Skipping school
Running away from home
Homosexual relations
Dropping out of school
Too fast and reckless driving
Drinking alcohol
Use narcotics
Defying parents
Disobeying parents
Taking a car without its owner’s
knowledge
STATUS OFFENCES OPPOSITSIONAL
PROPERTY
VIOLATIONS
Kõiv, 2003

9. J D in Bangladesh
The Penal Code: The age of criminal responsibility in
Bangladesh is above nine (previously seven) years of age (S-82).
 Contract Act, 1872: Below the age of 18 years old one should
be treated as minor or Child.
The Employment of Children Act, 1938: Below the age of 15
years old one should be considered as child.
The Vagrancy Act, 1943: One should be considered as child
till the age of 14 years old.

10. The Children Act, 2013 regarding on age of child has
stated, “A child is defined in section 4 and includes
anyone up to the age of 18 years”
Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC): Below
the age of 18 years old one should be treated as child
(Article- 1)
Article 1 provides: “A child means every human being
below the age of eighteen, unless under the law
applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier”.

11. Prevention:
• Education
• Recreation
• Community involvement
• Creation of special programs

12. Paving Way to Reform Juvenile
Delinquents in Bangladesh:
• Following initiatives could be incorporated:
• Policy Initiative,
• Legal Initiative,
• Administrative Initiative,
• Social Initiative

13. Policy Initiative:
• Establishment of Independent Child Rights
Commission,
• Adopting and Implementing Prevention Strategy,
• Development of National Data Bank and Children
Justice Indicators in Line with International
Standards,
• Undertaking Research on the Children Justice
System,
• Create more big and Smaller Rehabilitative
Institutions,

14. • Social Initiatives:
• Increase more educational programs
• More cultural movement to involve juveniles,
• Awareness building program for juvenile
delinquent

15. National Correctional Institute in BD
The National Correctional Institute (NCI) for Boys
at Tongi (now KUK for boys) is the oldest and
was established in 1978 with a capacity of 200
inmates. The second one was established in 1995.
There was no institute for girls at that time. In
December 2002, Kishori Unnayoan Kendra was
established at Konabari, Gazipur, with a capacity
of 150 inmates.

16. Role of NCI
• Without keeping in jail or convicted girls on
charges of various types of offence in Jail, a vow
is taken through this institute to train and re-
educate through different methods of corrections
like case work guidance, vocational training and
counseling so that they can readjust in the free
environment of the society.

17. Training
school
*are an educational institutions for juvenile delinquents
where pupils not only study, but also live, amongst
their peers,
*are facilities that exists for the incarceration of youth
who have committed the most serious of criminal
offenders for which, it adults, they would be
sentenced to periods of imprisonment;

18. 100%
93%
90%
90%
80%
70%
63%
57%
53%
25%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Õpilastele teadmiste andmine
Õpilaste käitumise kontrollimine
Õpilaste karistamine
Õpilaste kasvatamine
Õpilaste kõlbeliste tõekspidamiste
kujundamine
Õpilaste kaitsmine
Õpilaste iseseisvaks eluks
ettevalmistamine
Õpilaste isiksuse ümberkujundamine
Õpilaste haiguste ravimine
Õpilaste sulandumine ühiskonda
Functions of training schools
Integration of pupils
to the sociaty
Treatment
Rechape of personality
of pupils
Life skills teaching
Protection of pupils
Moral education
Upbringing of pupils
Punishing of pupils
Conrolling of pupils’
behavior
Academical knowledge's
Kõiv, 2007
Kristi Kõiv

19. Basic conflict between resocialization and
punishment model:
stemming from the history
How to change the conflict?How to change the conflict?
Kristi Kõiv

20. Support programmes that teach positive (pro)social
behavior and other effective social/life skills, practical
employment skills and emphasise a smooth transition
from training school to mainstream school or the
workplace, have relatively positive effects.
Kristi Kõiv

21. As opposed to the punishment approach, resocialization
models help offenders to experience the rewards of
positive or pro-social behaviors as they come to
understand the root causes of their misconduct.
Treatment-oriented programs also try to prepare youth
for reintegration into the community through contact
with families, schools, and other systems surrounding
the young people.
Kristi Kõiv

22. SummarySummary
Kristi Kõiv
The shift away from punishment towards
resocialiation is a key challenge for the
development of the whole correctional
(especially training school) system in Bangladesh.

23. Conclusion
There has been an observed increase in violent and
aggravated crimes among youth and what is the most
shocking fact is that the number of drug-related crimes
are growing. Our society must think about preventing
these crimes and try to grow an educated and
understanding generation.