- Jute is a natural fiber that originated from Africa and the Indo-Burma region. It is the second most important vegetable fiber after cotton. - India is the largest producer of jute, with West Bengal producing the majority. The two main species are Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius. - Jute grows well in warm, humid climates with temperatures between 24-37°C and annual rainfall of 80-100cm. It is cultivated from March to April before being harvested 120-200 days later.

1. jute
INTRODUCTION
• Scientific name-Corchorus olitorius
• Family-Tiliaceae
• Corchorus capsularis – originated from Indo-Burma region.
• Corchorus olitorius – Originated from Africa
• Natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence known as Golden Fibre.
• Cheapest vegetable fibre
• Second most important vegetable fibre after cotton.

2. • Properties of Jute:
• It has high tensile strength, low extensibility and ensures better breath ability of
Fabrics
• Jute Fibre is 100% biodegradable, recyclable and this environmentally friendly.
• A bitter glucoside called “Corchorin” present in white Jute
• Uses
• Jute fibre is used in manufacturing rugs, carpets, coarse fibres, twines and coarse
blankets.
• Broken sticks of Jute is called ‘ Tow ‘ which is used in making low grade paper
• Jute waste is used as fuel and making activated charcoal.
• In market Jute and Mesta fibres are together known as “ Raw Jute “
• Leaves of Jute have medicinal Properties.

3. Distribution
• India, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Myanmar, Nepal.
• India stands 1st in area & production of Raw Jute.
• In India -West Bengal (maximum)
Bihar
Assam
Tripura, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh.

4. Capsularis Olitorius
Shorter in height
Leaves
Glabrous, ovate -oblong coarsely toothed bitter in
test (corchorin bitter substance) known as ‘Tita
Pat’
Flowers
Small, 0.3 to 0.5 cm, yellow
Seed / Pod
Globular, pear shaped, wrinkled, rarely smooth
Seeds
Seeds small, chocolate brown and oval in shape.
Fibre
White jute, white colour
Taller height
Glabrous, usually oblong, coarsely toothed,
shining on upper surface and test less known as
mitha pat
Flowers
Big about 1 cm, yellow
Long and cylindrical, ridgcd length wise.
Smaller than capsularis, pyramidal and bluish
green to steel grey or black in colour.
Finer, softer, stronger and more lustrous than
capsularis yellow to grey or even reddish colour
known as ‘tossa’ in commercial trade

5. Varieties
C.capsularis : (pitta jute)
Baldev, Jaydev, sabuj sona (JRC-212), sonali (JRC-321), shyamali
(JRC-7447)
C.olitorius (Tossa Jute)
Baisakhitosa (JRO-632)
Chaitalitosa (JRO-878)
Basudev, Navin, Mahadev (TJ-40), Savitri, Rebati (KOM-62)

6. Soil
• Alluvial sandy loams, clay loamy soils
Olitorius Jute cannot thrive in standing water and is more drought
resistant and hence grown in light soils. Capsularis Jute can grow
even in standing water especially towards the latter part of
Growth

7. Climate
• Rainfed crop, Grows well in warm and humid climate
• Temperature -240 C – 370 C
• Relative humidity- 65-90%
• Annual rainfall - 80 to 100cm

8. SOWING TIME
March –April
SPACING& SEEDRATE
Cultivated Seed rate (Kg/ha)
• species of Jute Line Sowing Broad Casting Spacing (cm) No. of Plants
/ Sq.mt
• Corchorus olitorius 5 7 25 X 5 80
• Corchorus capsularis 7 10 30 X 5 67

9. FIELD PREPARATION
Deep ploughing
Fine tilth
Manures and Fertilizers
• Cultivated Species Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium
• Corchorus Capsularis 60 Kg/ha 40 Kg/ha 60 Kg/ha
• Corchorus olitorius 40 Kg /ha 40 Kg /ha 60 Kg /ha
 5 ton FYM
• Nitrogen should be applied in 2 splits –
• 1st split as basal and 2nd split at 4-6 weeks after sowing.

10. Weed Management
• Hand weeding is done twice at 20-25DAS and 35-40DAS.
• Basal application of herbicide – Fluchloralin @ 1.5 Kg/ha at 3 DBS followed by
irrigation
• Irrigation
• Water requirement is 500mm.
• 1st irrigation is given after sowing.
• Life saving irrigation is given on 4 DAS.
• Afterwards, irrigation is given once in 15 days.
• Critical stages of irrigation are Germination and Knee high stage

11. Harvesting:
• Duration of Corchorus olitorius – 120 to 150 days
• Corchorus capsularis – 180 to 200 days
• Early harvesting gives lower fibre yield but fibre is of finer quality, whereas, late harvesting
gives higher fibre yield but the fibre is coarse in texture
• Ideal stage of harvest in Jute is 50% of tender pod formation.
• Late harvesting leads to poor quality fibre due to lignifications of bast fibres
• Harvesting is done by cutting the plants close to ground with sickles.
• Harvested plants are tied in to small bundles and left standing in the field for 2-3 days for
shedding of leaves.
• Afterwards plants are ready for retting.

12. • Yield
• Green Plant yield is 45 – 50 t / ha
• 13q of Fibre
• Seed yield for capsularis 4 to 5 quintals
• Olitorius 2.5 to 3 quintals
•

13. Process of Fibre extraction:
• Bundle stalks - Retting -- Stripping - Washing -
Sundry Squeezing excess water – Baling - Kutcha
packing - Storage / Transport

14. • A] Retting
• Retting is a microbial process in which bast fibre gets loosened for an easy separation from
woody stalks. During retting, gums, pectins and other mucilaginous substances are removed
from the plants by combined action of water and microbiological action. Retting period is 8-
30 days.
B] Stripping: Process of removal of fibres from the stalk after completion of retting is
called Stripping. Fibre may be extracted in two ways – Single Reed method and Break –
Jerk Method. Fibre is extracted by hands either from individual plants or from bundle of
10-12 plants.
• C] Washing: After extraction, fibre is washed thoroughly in the running water
• D] Fibre is Squeezed for Excess Water
• E] Sun Drying: After squeezing the fibre for excess water, fibre is dried on bamboo
frames in the mild Sun.
• F] Baling and Packing: Extracted fibre is weighed in amounts of bales
• 1 Bale of Jute =180Kg

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