Soybean is a leguminous oilseed crop that is the richest source of protein. It fixes nitrogen in the soil through symbiotic bacteria in its roots. The document outlines the production technologies for soybean including climate and soil requirements, seed bed preparation, planting methods, irrigation, and pest management. It notes that soybean has many uses for its oil, meal, and as a human food and livestock feed. The top soybean producing countries are Brazil, United States, Argentina, China, and India and several varieties have been developed and selected for growing in Pakistan.

2. Soybean
Presented To: Dr. Aurangzeb
Presented By: Ammad Ahmad

3. Introduction
Scientific name: Glycine max
Family: Fabacae
Oilseed & leguminous Crop
Soybean is richest source of protein(50%
protein)
Seed contains 17 % oil and 63 % meal
Short Day plant

4. Uses of Soybean
Soybean Oil
Soybean Meal
Livestock Feed
Food for human consumption
• Soy sauce
• Soy milk
• Tofu
• Soy meal
• Soy flour
• Soybean oil

5. Nitrogen Fixing Ability
 Symbionts Bacteria Rhizobia
 Nodules Of root system
 Fix Nitrogen for plant
N2 + 8 H+ + 8 e− → 2 NH3 + H2
NH3 + H+ → NH4
+

6. Production Technologies
Climate requirement
Soil and fertilizer Requirement
Seed bed preparation
Seed inoculum
Sowing Time
Methods of sowing
Seed Rate
Irrigation
Insects and Weeds control
Threshing & Harvesting

7. Climate
• Optimum temperature 20 - 30 °C
• Cultivated when danger of frost is past
• Moisture availability is critical during germination and pod
filling

8. Soil
 Fertile
 Well-drained
 Sandy loam
 pH 6-7

9. Fertilizers
•Fertilizer recommended
N:P:K :: 25:50:50 Kg/ha

10. Seed bed preparation
• 2-3 ploughings followed by planking
• Row-Row distance
Spring= 30 cm
Autumn= 45 cm

11. Planting Time
Autumn crop Spring crop
Punjab Mid-July to end July Last week Jan.to 1st week Feb
Sindh Mid-June to Mid-July Mid-Jan to 1st week of Feb
KPK May to June 1st and 2nd week of March

12. Seed Rate:
• 40 Kg per Acre
Sowing Method:
• Planted with Single Row cotton Drill
• Plant-Plant distance 3-5 cm
• Sowing depth 3-5 cm
Seed Inoculum

13. Irrigation
2-3 Irrigations for Autumn Crop
6-7 irrigations for Spring Crop
Important stages Of Irrigation
 Three weeks after germination
 Initiation of flowering
 Pod filling stage
 Seed development stage

14. Harvesting & Threshing
• Harvest when 90-95% pods turn yellow i.e. after 92-
120 Days of sowing
• Dry for 5-6 days and then thresh

15. Soybean growing areas in Pakistan
KPK Hazara division(Abbotabad,Mansehra)
Malakand , Swat & FATA
Balochistan Kalat, Khuzdar , Kachi
Sindh Hyderabad , Badin , Sangar , Thatta
Punjab Rawalpindi , Attock , Jehlum , Chakwal ,
Multan , Khanewal , Sialkot , Gujranwala

16. Top Countries Producing soybean
1. Brazil
2. United States
3. Argentina
4. China
5. India

17. Soybean varieties in Pakistan
Different soybean varieties of American origin were selected after
conducting a large number of trials. These varieties are:
oNARC-1
oNARC-2
oAjmeri
oFS-85
oMalakand-96
oSwat-84
oKharif-93
These are developed by the scientists of Oilseed Programme, NARC,
Islamabad and their provincial counter parts.