The document discusses a study that investigated the effects of different biodiesel types and biodiesel fractions on emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The study found that biodiesel from different feedstocks did not significantly affect emissions as long as fuel properties remained the same. Emissions of CO2, CO and THC decreased with increasing biodiesel content, while NOx emissions increased. The conclusions were that biodiesel reduces emissions except for NOx, and the feedstock source does not significantly impact emissions.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...Varthamanan prabachandran
The document discusses the performance and emission characteristics of a thermal barrier coated diesel engine using diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blend fuels. It describes testing various fuel blends in a normal diesel engine and one with an Al2O3 thermal barrier coating. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency was highest for the thermal barrier coated diesel-biodiesel blend. Emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and smoke were measured and varied depending on the fuel blend and engine type.
Biodiesel vs. Diesel: Air Quality and Economic AspectsKalaivanan Murthy
This document compares biodiesel and petroleum diesel in terms of their fuel properties, engine exhaust emissions, production trends, and scenario analysis. It finds that biodiesel emits less particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide but more oxides of nitrogen than petroleum diesel. A scenario analysis shows that using 100% biodiesel instead of petroleum diesel could reduce emissions of these pollutants by millions of metric tons annually in the United States. The document also discusses challenges with biodiesel including higher NOx emissions and potential engine issues.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Performance Analysis of Bio-gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Fazeel Mohammed
This document discusses biogas as an alternative fuel source and its use in dual fuel diesel engines. It introduces biogas as a renewable fuel produced from organic waste that can help address issues with fossil fuel depletion and emissions. It then describes how diesel engines can be modified to run primarily on biogas, with a small amount of diesel to aid combustion. Performance metrics like torque, fuel consumption, efficiency and emissions are evaluated at different biogas percentages and compression ratios. Results show dual fuel engines can reduce emissions compared to diesel while maintaining power levels with only minor engine modifications.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIESEL ON A 4 STROKE DIESEL EN...NAGADARSHAN REDDY
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ON A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE BY USING BIODIESEL BLENDS AS FUEL
SV UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...Varthamanan prabachandran
The document discusses the performance and emission characteristics of a thermal barrier coated diesel engine using diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blend fuels. It describes testing various fuel blends in a normal diesel engine and one with an Al2O3 thermal barrier coating. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency was highest for the thermal barrier coated diesel-biodiesel blend. Emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and smoke were measured and varied depending on the fuel blend and engine type.
Biodiesel vs. Diesel: Air Quality and Economic AspectsKalaivanan Murthy
This document compares biodiesel and petroleum diesel in terms of their fuel properties, engine exhaust emissions, production trends, and scenario analysis. It finds that biodiesel emits less particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide but more oxides of nitrogen than petroleum diesel. A scenario analysis shows that using 100% biodiesel instead of petroleum diesel could reduce emissions of these pollutants by millions of metric tons annually in the United States. The document also discusses challenges with biodiesel including higher NOx emissions and potential engine issues.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Performance Analysis of Bio-gas Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Fazeel Mohammed
This document discusses biogas as an alternative fuel source and its use in dual fuel diesel engines. It introduces biogas as a renewable fuel produced from organic waste that can help address issues with fossil fuel depletion and emissions. It then describes how diesel engines can be modified to run primarily on biogas, with a small amount of diesel to aid combustion. Performance metrics like torque, fuel consumption, efficiency and emissions are evaluated at different biogas percentages and compression ratios. Results show dual fuel engines can reduce emissions compared to diesel while maintaining power levels with only minor engine modifications.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIESEL ON A 4 STROKE DIESEL EN...NAGADARSHAN REDDY
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ON A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE BY USING BIODIESEL BLENDS AS FUEL
SV UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
The document summarizes an experimental study analyzing the emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel made from Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME). Key findings include:
- Tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that neat MOME biodiesel produced lower carbon monoxide, smoke opacity, and particulate emissions than petrodiesel, but higher oxides of nitrogen emissions.
- Emissions generally improved with increasing percentages of MOME biodiesel blended with petrodiesel.
- The study concludes that MOME biodiesel is a viable alternative fuel that provides emission benefits over petrodiesel.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on the exhaust emissions and performance of a compression ignition engine. Specifically, the study tested neat diesel (100% diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel), and B50 (50% biodiesel and 50% diesel). The results showed that using biodiesel blends resulted in lower brake thermal efficiency, higher specific fuel consumption, lower exhaust gas temperature, higher CO emissions, and higher HC emissions compared to neat diesel. However, CO2 emissions were lower when using biodiesel blends. The conclusion was that B20 and B50 can be used in diesel engines without modifications as an alternative to
Biogas –diesel dual fuel engine exhaust gas emissionsIAEME Publication
This document describes a study examining the exhaust gas emissions of a biogas-diesel dual fuel engine. A computer program was developed to simulate the mole fractions of exhaust constituents for varying biogas-diesel mixtures, equivalence ratios, temperatures, and pressures. The simulation results show that as the percentage of carbon dioxide in the biogas increases, the mole fractions of CO2 and H2O in the exhaust generally increase, while the mole fractions of NO, O2, OH, CO and N2 generally decrease. Experimental data was also collected and showed similar trends as the simulation results. The goal of the study was to analyze biogas-diesel engine exhaust pollutants and determine optimal biogas mixtures and operating conditions for reduced
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes a review paper on performance and emission testing of a 4-stroke diesel engine using ethanol-diesel blends at different pressures. The paper reviews several previous studies that tested blends of 5-30% ethanol mixed with diesel fuel. The studies found that a 10-20% ethanol blend can improve brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel, while also reducing emissions like NOx and smoke. Higher ethanol blends required advancing the injection timing to allow the engine to run. Ethanol-diesel blends were found to have lower density, viscosity, pour point and higher flash point compared to pure diesel. Overall, ethanol shows potential as a renewable fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when blended with diesel
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...IAEME Publication
This work is focused to determine the performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated direct ignition diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (DF), mahua biodiesel (MBD) and preheated mahua biodiesel (MBD-PH). The fatty acid composition of MBD is determined and its properties like density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and iodine value are also determined. Engine performance tests showed that brake specific fuel consumption of MBD is higher than that of DF.
This document is a presentation on optimizing the compression ratio for a compression ignition engine fuelled with Undi methyl and ethyl ester blends with diesel. It discusses preparing the biodiesel from Undi fruits found in coastal areas of Maharashtra and testing blends from B10 to B100 at various compression ratios from 16-20. Test results showed improved performance at higher compression ratios, with Undi methyl ester blends having higher efficiency and lower emissions than ethyl ester blends. The conclusion recommends Undi methyl ester as more beneficial and future work to further optimize engine performance and emissions.
Enhancing the Performance & Emission for the Blend of Diesel & Pyrolysis oil ...ijsrd.com
Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Alcohols, Biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. have been already commercialized in the transport sector. In this context, pyrolysis of solid waste is currently receiving renewed interest. The disposal of waste tyres can be simplified to some extent by pyrolysis. The properties of the Tyre pyrolysis oil derived from waste automobile tyres were analysed and compared with the petroleum products and found that it can also be used as a fuel for compression ignition engine. In the present work, blends of Diesel-Tyre pyrolysis oil was used in a diesel engine without any engine modification. The entire work is concentrated to enhance the performance and emission parameters of C.I. engine for the blend of Diesel and pyrolysis oil of tyre. To enhance the performance the effect of supercharging was used. The experiment is carried out on C.I. engine using pure diesel and various blends such as TPO10, TPO20 and TPO30 at normal atmospheric pressure and at different supercharged pressures 1.2 bar, 1.4 bar and 1.6 bar and results were compared. It is observed from the results that at supercharged pressures 1.2 bar and 1.4 bar, the performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption and emission parameters like emission of CO and HC have been improved. But the emission of NOx was not improved as there is rise in peak temperatures of combustion due to supercharging the emission of NOx increases.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
This work is done as a part of graduate course in Air Quality in Spring 2017. The author was pursuing MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences at University of Florida during the making of this project.
(description coming soon)
Presentation: https://goo.gl/2MnAmG
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel of diesel, is described as fatty acid methyl ester from vegetable oils or animal fats. The main objectives of the present work is to reduce higher viscosity of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil using esterification followed by transesterification and to assess the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The important properties of engine fuel such as density, viscosity, flash point and calorific value of Karanja methyl ester were compared with diesel fuel. Various proportions of Karanja oil methyl ester blends (10%, 20%, and 30%) were used for conducting the performance test at varying load conditions. Engine parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency were calculated and emission parameter such as emission of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxide of nitrogen gases in exhaust were recorded. By using Karanja oil methyl ester blends with diesel fuel, the result showed that the brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel blends with diesel fuel wee less as compared to diesel fuel. Fuel consumption was increased with increase in blend proportions. It is found that the emission level of CO and HC level decreased with increased in blend proportion in diesel fuel. NOx emission increased with increase in blend proportion in diesel fuel. The test results indicate that biodiesel B-20 and lesser can be used as an alternative without any modifications of diesel engine.
This document summarizes a study that tested various blends of Pongamia biodiesel, diesel, and butanol with an additive as fuels in a diesel engine. The fuels tested were Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (45%) butanol 5% (B50D45Bu5), Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (40%) butanol 10% (B50D40Bu10), and Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (35%)butanol 15% (B50D35Bu15) each with 3% 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate additive. The engine performance parameters and exhaust emissions of these fuels were measured and
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Performance Evaluation of Al2o3 Nano Fluid with Canola OilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel blended with diesel (B15) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid additives. The canola oil was converted to biodiesel through a base-catalyzed transesterification process. The engine was tested with B15 and Al2O3 nanofluid additives ranging from 30-120ppm. Results showed that B15 with 90ppm nanofluid additive achieved the best performance, with a 3.9% reduction in specific fuel consumption and a 3.29% increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel. Emissions of HC, CO, and NOx also improved
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of the Effect of EGR on Performance of CI Engine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that analyzed the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of a compression ignition engine fueled with cottonseed oil biodiesel blends. Cottonseed oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process and blended with diesel in proportions from 5-20%. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at varying compression ratios with and without EGR. The results showed that EGR reduced NOx emissions as expected but slightly increased CO and HC emissions. The highest thermal efficiency and lowest fuel consumption were observed for a 5% biodiesel blend without EGR. Overall, the study found that biodiesel blends up to 20% can be
Long term operation of a small biogasdiesel dual fuel engine for on farm elec...ravikantghotekar
This document summarizes a study on operating a small biogas/diesel dual-fuel engine for on-farm electricity generation over long periods of time. The study tested replacing up to 90% of diesel fuel with biogas produced from livestock waste. Results showed dual-fuel operation had higher power output and thermal efficiency than diesel alone. After 2000 hours of operation, engine wear was minimal and performance was maintained with regular maintenance. The study demonstrated biogas can successfully power engines for on-farm electricity while significantly reducing diesel use.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON DI-DIESEL ENGINE RUNS WITH THE COMBINATION OF BLENDE...IAEME Publication
An experimental Study is carried out to study the performance and emission on direct injection, diesel engine run with Bio diesel (PaME), Diesel and ethanol blended fuel taking
conventional Diesel as base line. The test fuels (six) are pure Diesel, pure PaME, (95% PaME + 5%
ethanol in vol.), (80% Diesel+15% PaME+5% ethanol in vol.), (95% Diesel + 5% ethanol in vol.),and (80% PaME +15% Diesel +5% ethanol in vol.) respectively.
Part II of this article discusses the impact of biodiesel use on engine lubrication. Both laboratory bench tests and engine tests were used to evaluate performance. In bench tests, a commercial engine oil was diluted with various biodiesel types at different volumes. Tests showed increased oxidation and corrosion with biodiesel dilution. Engine tests, like the Mack T-12 and Cummins ISB, also found issues like higher used oil lead levels with biodiesel. However, wear was similar or slightly better in some cases with biodiesel. The results help understand how biodiesel affects engine oil and ways to improve lubricant technology to counter these impacts.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
The document summarizes an experimental study analyzing the emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel made from Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME). Key findings include:
- Tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that neat MOME biodiesel produced lower carbon monoxide, smoke opacity, and particulate emissions than petrodiesel, but higher oxides of nitrogen emissions.
- Emissions generally improved with increasing percentages of MOME biodiesel blended with petrodiesel.
- The study concludes that MOME biodiesel is a viable alternative fuel that provides emission benefits over petrodiesel.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on the exhaust emissions and performance of a compression ignition engine. Specifically, the study tested neat diesel (100% diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel), and B50 (50% biodiesel and 50% diesel). The results showed that using biodiesel blends resulted in lower brake thermal efficiency, higher specific fuel consumption, lower exhaust gas temperature, higher CO emissions, and higher HC emissions compared to neat diesel. However, CO2 emissions were lower when using biodiesel blends. The conclusion was that B20 and B50 can be used in diesel engines without modifications as an alternative to
Biogas –diesel dual fuel engine exhaust gas emissionsIAEME Publication
This document describes a study examining the exhaust gas emissions of a biogas-diesel dual fuel engine. A computer program was developed to simulate the mole fractions of exhaust constituents for varying biogas-diesel mixtures, equivalence ratios, temperatures, and pressures. The simulation results show that as the percentage of carbon dioxide in the biogas increases, the mole fractions of CO2 and H2O in the exhaust generally increase, while the mole fractions of NO, O2, OH, CO and N2 generally decrease. Experimental data was also collected and showed similar trends as the simulation results. The goal of the study was to analyze biogas-diesel engine exhaust pollutants and determine optimal biogas mixtures and operating conditions for reduced
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes a review paper on performance and emission testing of a 4-stroke diesel engine using ethanol-diesel blends at different pressures. The paper reviews several previous studies that tested blends of 5-30% ethanol mixed with diesel fuel. The studies found that a 10-20% ethanol blend can improve brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel, while also reducing emissions like NOx and smoke. Higher ethanol blends required advancing the injection timing to allow the engine to run. Ethanol-diesel blends were found to have lower density, viscosity, pour point and higher flash point compared to pure diesel. Overall, ethanol shows potential as a renewable fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when blended with diesel
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...IAEME Publication
This work is focused to determine the performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated direct ignition diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (DF), mahua biodiesel (MBD) and preheated mahua biodiesel (MBD-PH). The fatty acid composition of MBD is determined and its properties like density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and iodine value are also determined. Engine performance tests showed that brake specific fuel consumption of MBD is higher than that of DF.
This document is a presentation on optimizing the compression ratio for a compression ignition engine fuelled with Undi methyl and ethyl ester blends with diesel. It discusses preparing the biodiesel from Undi fruits found in coastal areas of Maharashtra and testing blends from B10 to B100 at various compression ratios from 16-20. Test results showed improved performance at higher compression ratios, with Undi methyl ester blends having higher efficiency and lower emissions than ethyl ester blends. The conclusion recommends Undi methyl ester as more beneficial and future work to further optimize engine performance and emissions.
Enhancing the Performance & Emission for the Blend of Diesel & Pyrolysis oil ...ijsrd.com
Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Alcohols, Biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. have been already commercialized in the transport sector. In this context, pyrolysis of solid waste is currently receiving renewed interest. The disposal of waste tyres can be simplified to some extent by pyrolysis. The properties of the Tyre pyrolysis oil derived from waste automobile tyres were analysed and compared with the petroleum products and found that it can also be used as a fuel for compression ignition engine. In the present work, blends of Diesel-Tyre pyrolysis oil was used in a diesel engine without any engine modification. The entire work is concentrated to enhance the performance and emission parameters of C.I. engine for the blend of Diesel and pyrolysis oil of tyre. To enhance the performance the effect of supercharging was used. The experiment is carried out on C.I. engine using pure diesel and various blends such as TPO10, TPO20 and TPO30 at normal atmospheric pressure and at different supercharged pressures 1.2 bar, 1.4 bar and 1.6 bar and results were compared. It is observed from the results that at supercharged pressures 1.2 bar and 1.4 bar, the performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption and emission parameters like emission of CO and HC have been improved. But the emission of NOx was not improved as there is rise in peak temperatures of combustion due to supercharging the emission of NOx increases.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
This work is done as a part of graduate course in Air Quality in Spring 2017. The author was pursuing MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences at University of Florida during the making of this project.
(description coming soon)
Presentation: https://goo.gl/2MnAmG
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel of diesel, is described as fatty acid methyl ester from vegetable oils or animal fats. The main objectives of the present work is to reduce higher viscosity of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil using esterification followed by transesterification and to assess the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The important properties of engine fuel such as density, viscosity, flash point and calorific value of Karanja methyl ester were compared with diesel fuel. Various proportions of Karanja oil methyl ester blends (10%, 20%, and 30%) were used for conducting the performance test at varying load conditions. Engine parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency were calculated and emission parameter such as emission of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxide of nitrogen gases in exhaust were recorded. By using Karanja oil methyl ester blends with diesel fuel, the result showed that the brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel blends with diesel fuel wee less as compared to diesel fuel. Fuel consumption was increased with increase in blend proportions. It is found that the emission level of CO and HC level decreased with increased in blend proportion in diesel fuel. NOx emission increased with increase in blend proportion in diesel fuel. The test results indicate that biodiesel B-20 and lesser can be used as an alternative without any modifications of diesel engine.
This document summarizes a study that tested various blends of Pongamia biodiesel, diesel, and butanol with an additive as fuels in a diesel engine. The fuels tested were Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (45%) butanol 5% (B50D45Bu5), Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (40%) butanol 10% (B50D40Bu10), and Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (35%)butanol 15% (B50D35Bu15) each with 3% 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate additive. The engine performance parameters and exhaust emissions of these fuels were measured and
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Performance Evaluation of Al2o3 Nano Fluid with Canola OilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel blended with diesel (B15) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid additives. The canola oil was converted to biodiesel through a base-catalyzed transesterification process. The engine was tested with B15 and Al2O3 nanofluid additives ranging from 30-120ppm. Results showed that B15 with 90ppm nanofluid additive achieved the best performance, with a 3.9% reduction in specific fuel consumption and a 3.29% increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel. Emissions of HC, CO, and NOx also improved
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of the Effect of EGR on Performance of CI Engine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that analyzed the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of a compression ignition engine fueled with cottonseed oil biodiesel blends. Cottonseed oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process and blended with diesel in proportions from 5-20%. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at varying compression ratios with and without EGR. The results showed that EGR reduced NOx emissions as expected but slightly increased CO and HC emissions. The highest thermal efficiency and lowest fuel consumption were observed for a 5% biodiesel blend without EGR. Overall, the study found that biodiesel blends up to 20% can be
Long term operation of a small biogasdiesel dual fuel engine for on farm elec...ravikantghotekar
This document summarizes a study on operating a small biogas/diesel dual-fuel engine for on-farm electricity generation over long periods of time. The study tested replacing up to 90% of diesel fuel with biogas produced from livestock waste. Results showed dual-fuel operation had higher power output and thermal efficiency than diesel alone. After 2000 hours of operation, engine wear was minimal and performance was maintained with regular maintenance. The study demonstrated biogas can successfully power engines for on-farm electricity while significantly reducing diesel use.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON DI-DIESEL ENGINE RUNS WITH THE COMBINATION OF BLENDE...IAEME Publication
An experimental Study is carried out to study the performance and emission on direct injection, diesel engine run with Bio diesel (PaME), Diesel and ethanol blended fuel taking
conventional Diesel as base line. The test fuels (six) are pure Diesel, pure PaME, (95% PaME + 5%
ethanol in vol.), (80% Diesel+15% PaME+5% ethanol in vol.), (95% Diesel + 5% ethanol in vol.),and (80% PaME +15% Diesel +5% ethanol in vol.) respectively.
Part II of this article discusses the impact of biodiesel use on engine lubrication. Both laboratory bench tests and engine tests were used to evaluate performance. In bench tests, a commercial engine oil was diluted with various biodiesel types at different volumes. Tests showed increased oxidation and corrosion with biodiesel dilution. Engine tests, like the Mack T-12 and Cummins ISB, also found issues like higher used oil lead levels with biodiesel. However, wear was similar or slightly better in some cases with biodiesel. The results help understand how biodiesel affects engine oil and ways to improve lubricant technology to counter these impacts.
The document is a project report submitted to Visvesvaraya Technological University that investigates introducing blended pilot fuel to enrich the charge in a compression ignition (CI) engine. It was conducted by four students and guided by an associate professor. The report includes an abstract, contents, introduction discussing the need to improve fuel efficiency in CI engines and the use of pilot fuels. It also includes chapters on literature review of previous studies conducted on diethyl ether, ethanol and methanol blends and the experimental setup used in their study.
This document discusses biodiesel, including its definition, global interest and importance, production process, feedstocks, properties, challenges, and concerns from original equipment manufacturers. Biodiesel is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats that meet ASTM specifications. It can be produced from various plant oils and animal fats around the world as a renewable alternative fuel. While biodiesel provides benefits, challenges include its impact on engine lubrication which will be explored further in part two of the document series.
Emissions regulations have driven improvements in diesel engine oil quality over time. Newer oil specifications, like CJ-4, require oils to provide higher performance while reducing ash content to protect diesel particulate filters. Engine tests are also more demanding. In response, the National Biodiesel Board conducted engine tests using B20 (20% biodiesel) to determine if there were any negative effects on lubricant performance from the use of biodiesel blends. The tests found wear data and controlled deposits were within acceptance limits, with only minor issues with corrosion and oxidation exceeding limits. Overall, current lubricants protect engines operating on B20 according to the oil and engine manufacturers, though ongoing oil analysis is recommended.
Velocity building a performance lab for mobile apps in a day - finalAshray Mathur
This document discusses building a mobile app performance lab in a day. It covers three essential steps: 1) instrumenting apps to collect key performance metrics, 2) setting up mobile infrastructure to run automated tests on real devices, and 3) establishing a continuous integration process to repeatedly test, measure, analyze, fix, and retest performance. Specific techniques covered include using boomerang.js for app instrumentation, WebDriver for automation, and collecting metrics on both iOS and Android platforms. The document emphasizes establishing an automated testing process to iteratively improve mobile app performance.
Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. It is considered a disorder of the brain reward system involving neurotransmitters like dopamine. Addiction has biological, psychological, social, and spiritual components. Treatment involves a biopsychosocial approach including medication, psychotherapy, and addressing co-occurring psychiatric disorders and social support systems to help patients maintain recovery and prevent relapse.
Experimental investigation of four stroke single cylinder rope brake dynamome...Premier Publishers
The present work is focused on the effects of waste cooking oil based methyl ester and its blends with petrodiesel on a single cylinder, 4 stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection, water cooled, rope brake dynamometer assisted CI engine at varying loads. The physical and chemical properties of WCO based methyl ester were determined using standard ASTM methods. The suitability of WCO based methyl ester and its blends were evaluated through determining the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. These results were compared to petrodiesel for validation. By analyzing these results, it was observed that the performance and emission characteristics were shown both satisfactory and unsatisfactory results. This was due to lower calorific value and high viscosity of waste cooking oil methyl ester resulted delay in combustion. From the critical analysis, it was observed that B20 of WCO based methyl ester reserved 32.2% brake thermal efficiency slightly greater than petrodiesel i.e. 32% without any engine modifications. It is concluded that B20 of WCO based methyl ester is suitable with no modification in engine.
Sun Burn Brewery is a proposed craft brewery for the Tampa Bay area that aims to address the lack of quality craft beer options in Florida. The business plan outlines Sun Burn's mission to brew a wide range of high-quality craft beers and their strategy of brewing, selling, and repeating. It analyzes the growth of the craft brewing industry and local competition. Financial projections include start-up expenses, sales forecasts, and profit/loss, cash flow, and balance sheets. The plan details a phased approach to raising capital, building the brewery, and marketing with a soft opening followed by an official grand opening.
The document summarizes a study investigating the interactive effects of waste fried oil methyl ester (WFOME) blends and engine load on diesel engine performance and smoke emissions using response surface methodology. WFOME was prepared from waste cooking oil through transesterification and tested in blends from 0% to 100% on a diesel engine. The results showed that a 20% WFOME blend with a 2.38kW engine load provided optimal brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, and smoke opacity. Validation tests confirmed the accuracy of the developed models within 1-2% error. The study concluded that WFOME is a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines at higher loads and lower blend ratios
This document summarizes a presentation about anaerobic digestion of brewery waste at a Unilever plant. The plant built a wastewater treatment plant in 2008 that uses anaerobic digestion to break down brewery waste and produce biogas. The treatment plant achieves over 99% COD reduction and has provided financial benefits through reduced sewerage costs and biogas production. However, instability issues were observed and traced to problems with the solids separator that were later repaired. Monitoring parameters like volatile fatty acids were shown to provide early warnings of instability.
Cutting tool materials must have wear resistance, hardness, and toughness to produce quality parts. Unstable materials are very inexpensive but sensitive to heat and considered obsolete. Carbon steel is inexpensive and retains hardness at moderate temperatures, making it a common material with possible sharp edges. Cast iron is stable and moderately priced with high abrasion resistance, though sharp edges are not usually recommended. Coated tools are stable and expensive but coating increases life by 5 times, suitable for high speeds. Diamond is very expensive but also the hardest known, used for abrasive materials, though it is extremely fragile without sharp edges.
This document provides an introduction to fuel systems for tractors and farm machinery. It defines fuel as a substance that produces energy when consumed by an engine. The key components and workings of fuel systems for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (diesel) engines are described. For SI engines, the fuel system includes a fuel tank, filter, carburetor and intake manifold. The carburetor mixes air and fuel. For diesel engines, the high-pressure system includes a fuel tank, filter, injection pump and injectors, which supply precisely metered fuel into the combustion chamber. Fuel quality and proper maintenance of filters are discussed as important for optimal system operation.
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It provides information on the manufacturing process, advantages, applications and future scope of biodiesel. The manufacturing process involves transesterification of triglycerides into biodiesel using methanol and a catalyst. Biodiesel has advantages like being usable in standard diesel engines without modifications, being non-polluting and producing fewer emissions than conventional diesel. It can be used for applications like fueling vehicles, generating electricity and removing paint or grease. The future scope of biodiesel is promising as a replacement for petroleum diesel given its renewable nature and cleaner burning characteristics.
Tbn the right oil for the right application lubrizol-2007Sam Cheng
The document discusses total base number (TBN) in engine oils. Tighter emissions regulations are increasing performance requirements for oils. TBN is a key part of balancing oil formulations to meet specifications related to durability, emissions control, and fuel economy. The two common methods for measuring TBN - ASTM D2896 and D4739 - respond differently to different acid sources, with D4739 capturing depletion from more acid types. Field tests show TBN decreases over time with engine use, demonstrating the need to carefully manage TBN levels to prevent damage.
This document presents information on engine emissions and control methods. It discusses the different types of exhaust emissions from engines, including unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and particulates. It also examines non-exhaust emissions and the factors that influence emissions levels. Emission control methods covered include thermal converters and catalytic converters, which use platinum, palladium and rhodium to convert harmful exhaust gases into less harmful emissions. Problems with catalytic converters like cold starts and non-exhaust emissions are also outlined.
A REVIEW ON ‘’USE OF BIODIESEL IN I.C. ENGINE”Sagar Pachauri
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It defines biodiesel as a renewable, biodegradable fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats that can be used in diesel engines. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. It can be blended with petroleum diesel at various levels from B5 to B100. Biodiesel provides benefits like reduced emissions, domestic production, and it can help decrease dependence on foreign oil. Some disadvantages are it has lower energy content and can degrade rubber or gel in cold weather. The document examines the performance and emissions effects of biodiesel use in diesel engines.
This document provides an overview of the key components and functioning of a 4-stroke petrol engine. It describes the cylinder block, piston and rod assembly, crankshaft, piston configurations, valve train types, engine displacement, definitions of terms like TDC and stroke, the four stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes, ignition types, camshafts, and the individual functioning of each stroke. It concludes that 4-stroke engines provide more efficiency than 2-stroke engines and are commonly used in vehicles, achieving 40-60% efficiency.
This document discusses different types of cutting tool materials and their properties. It covers seven main types of toolbit materials including high-speed steel, cast alloys, cemented carbides, ceramics, cermets, cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond. The key properties for cutting tools are hardness, wear resistance, shock resistance, shape/configuration. Cemented carbides are widely used and offer high hardness, wear resistance and can operate at high speeds without losing sharpness. Coatings like titanium carbide and nitride and aluminum oxide are used to improve wear resistance at different speeds. Tool geometry including side relief, side clearance, rake angles and nose radius are also covered.
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine fuelled with neat Diese...IOSR Journals
A comparison analysis between neat diesel (petro-diesel) and neat Hydnocarpus Pentandra (Marotti) biodiesel has been carried out on a direct injection diesel engine. The biodiesel has been produced from raw Hydnocarpus Pentandra oil by transesterification process by adding methanol and base catalyst. The optimum nozzle pressure of 250 bar and static injection timing of 20° bTDC are considered because these conditions only were found to give minimum emissions and better performance. The engine performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with neat diesel and neat Hydnocarpus Pentandra (Marotti) (or) Marotti Oil Methyl Ester (MOME) results are compared and presented. From the test results, it could be noted that, neat MOME gives lower emissions such as hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen as compared to neat diesel for all load under steady state condition of the engine.
Anxiety of greenhouse gases and exigency of conventional fuels is an attractive exploration reneged to the researchers view, turn towards alternative fuels. The present work is to demonstrate on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of 20% Karanja Methyl Ester (KOME) blend (B20) and hydrogen with 5, 10, and 15 lpm (liters per Minute) of low flow rate on a dual fuel mode direct injection diesel engine operated at 1500 rpm with rated power output of 3.5 kW. The experimental test were conducted at three various injection operating pressure of 200, 220, and 240bar. The obtained data of above test were compared with base line pressure of diesel at 200 bars. Higher brake thermal efficiency, less brake specific fuel consumption, lower HC, and CO emissions with raised concentration of NOx were obtained at IOP of 240 bars for B20- hydrogen dual fuel mode. The current analysis discovered that the IOP of 240 bars for 15 lpm hydrogen flow rate with B20 dual fuel approach was optimum.
This document summarizes research on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of methanol and diesel fuel at different injection timings. The tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at three injection timings (15°, 20°, and 25° CA BTDC) and various fuel blends (0-15% methanol). The results showed that increasing the methanol content or retarding the injection timing generally increased emissions and fuel consumption but decreased combustion efficiency and pressures. Advanced injection timing had the opposite effects. Overall, the original injection timing of 20° CA BTDC performed best across fuel blends in terms of emissions, fuel consumption, and efficiency.
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of low-temperature combustion of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures in a compression ignition engine. The study aims to reduce NOx and soot emissions. Biodiesel-diesel mixtures were combusted in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using high swirl ratio and exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that HCCI combustion with late injection reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to conventional diesel combustion. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture further reduced soot emissions while only slightly increasing NOx emissions.
A Study of diesel engine fuelled with Madhuca Indica biodiesel and its blend...IJMER
This study evaluated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from Mahua (Madhuca Indica) seeds and its blends with petroleum diesel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine at various loads. Emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and smoke were measured for the pure biodiesel (B100) and its blends with diesel (B25, B50, B75). Results showed that the B25 blend produced lower emissions than diesel or B100, especially at full load. Therefore, the B25 blend can be used as a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines without requiring any modifications.
The document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel extracted from mahua oil. Various blends from 10-50% mahua biodiesel were tested and compared to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency was highest for B30 and the brake specific fuel consumption was lowest for B30 at full load. Carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased with increased biodiesel content while NOx increased. Cylinder pressure and heat release rate were comparable or higher for biodiesel blends compared to diesel. Overall, B30 performed best with reduced emissions and higher efficiency compared to other blends and diesel.
Experimental investigation of using kerosene-biodiesel blend as an alternativ...Mustansiriyah University
1) Researchers tested blends of biodiesel produced from sunflower oil and kerosene as alternative fuels in a diesel engine. They tested blends with biodiesel content from 15-60% by volume and kerosene content from 85-40%.
2) Test results showed that biodiesel-kerosene blends produced higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel. Emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons decreased with increasing kerosene content in the blends.
3) Nitrogen oxide emissions were highest for pure biodiesel but decreased with higher kerosene content in the blends, with the 15% biodiesel blend reducing NOx
Investigation of engine performance, combustion, and emissions using waste t...Adib Bin Rashid
This work investigated engine performance and emissions using waste tire oil-diesel-biodiesel blends. A sustainable fuel glycine max biodiesel was blended with the tire oil-diesel blends to improve performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions. The seven fuels including a 100% diesel 10–30% waste tire oil to 90-70% diesel, 10% tire oil +10% biodiesel +80% diesel, 30% tire
oil+10% biodiesel+60% diesel and 10% biodiesel+90% diesel was used as fuels in a direct injection diesel engine. Up to 30% (vol) waste tire pyrolysis oil was blended with diesel. More than 30% of waste tire pyrolysis oil shows inferior solubility issues and inferior engine performance and emissions. Thus, this investigation was limited to 30% waste tire pyrolysis oil. All fuel blends
showed similar properties to diesel. With similar engine performance, like torque, power,efficiency, energy, and exergy metrics, the blends showed insignificant variations in emissions (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide) compared to a reference diesel fuel. Interestingly, the experimental results were compared with the modelling results, and the maximum variations between
them were 10%. The outcome of this research can promote waste tire pyrolysis oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and accords with alternative energy development initiatives all over the world.
This study experimentally analyzed the emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with cotton seed oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and petrodiesel at different static injection timings. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at full load. Emissions including oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, smoke density, and other pollutants were measured and compared between the fuels. The results showed that a static injection timing of 22 degrees before top dead center produced the lowest emissions for both biodiesel and petrodiesel.
An Experimental and Analytical Study of Emission Characteristics of a Diesel ...IJRES Journal
The engine emission characteristics of B100 Cotton Seed Oil biodiesel (Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester) and fossil diesel are presented. The engine tests are conducted on a Four Stroke Tangentially Vertical (TV1) single cylinder Kirloskar 1500 rpm water cooled direct injection diesel engine with eddy current dynamometer at nozzle opening pressure 230 bar maintained with different Static Injection Timings of 22o, 23o, 24obTDC throughout the experiment under steady state conditions at full load condition. From the test results, it could be observed that the Static Injection Timing of 22obTDC gives optimum lower emissions in each category of O2 (% by volume), CO2 (% by volume), CO (% by volume), Smoke Density (HSU), HC (ppm) and NOx (ppm). The research finding shows that Static Ignition Timing of 22o gives lowest emissions for both Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester and fossil diesel to operate diesel locomotives without any modification in existing diesel engine.
IRJET- Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Delonix R...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from Delonix regia oil mixed with conventional diesel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at 1500 rpm under varying load conditions. Biodiesel blends of B25, B50, B75 and B100 were tested and compared to baseline diesel. Results showed that biodiesel blends increased fuel consumption but improved brake thermal efficiency up to 2.5% for B25. Emissions of NOx and CO2 decreased with biodiesel while CO and hydrocarbons increased. Biodiesel also decreased ignition delay and reduced the premixed combustion peak. The conclusions are that biodie
Experimental Study of B20 Blend Honne Oil and Diesel Fuel with Cuo Nano Addit...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested the performance of a diesel engine using blends of Honne oil biodiesel and diesel fuel with the addition of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Honne oil biodiesel was produced through a standard transesterification process from Honne oil seeds. B20 blend (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel) was tested along with additions of 25ppm, 50ppm and 75ppm of CuO nanoparticles. Experiments were conducted to analyze the impact on engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics compared to neat biodiesel fuel. The results showed that CuO nanoparticle blended fuels had considerably higher brake thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions compared to neat biod
1) The document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of palm biodiesel and diesel.
2) The performance parameters of brake power, brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and mechanical efficiency were evaluated for various blends (P10, P20, P40, P60, P80) and compared to diesel (P0) and pure palm biodiesel (P100).
3) The results show that brake thermal efficiency slightly decreased with increasing palm biodiesel concentration in the blends, while specific fuel consumption increased. The P40 blend performed closest to diesel in terms of fuel consumption.
NOx Reduction of Diesel Engine with Madhuca Indica biodiesel using Selective ...IOSR Journals
A comparison analysis for different flow rates of urea-water selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has
been carried out on a direct injection diesel engine. An optimum nozzle opening pressure of 250 bar and static
injection timing of 20°bTDC is considered because these conditions only were found to give minimum emissions
and better performance. An engine set up with SCR is made to study the influence of SCR on reduction of
emissions from the diesel engine. The volume flow rate of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ml/minute have been used with a
mixture of 30% urea and 70% water as SCR for the entire experiment. From the test results, it could be noted
that, among all flow rates, the volume flow rate of3 ml/minute gives better performance, combustion and lowest
emissions. Among the blends, B100 gives lowest emissions of smoke density and hydrocarbon as compared to without SCR. But in the presence of SCR, there is a drastic reduction in NOx of 17.81% for B100 as compared
to without SCR at full load condition of the engine
Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable fuel manufactured domestically from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease. Biodiesel meets both the biomass-based diesel and overall advanced biofuel requirement of the Renewable Fuel Standard.
This document summarizes a study on operating a diesel engine using biodiesel from Mahua (Madhuca Indica) seeds and blends with fossil diesel. The engine tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at different brake powers up to full load using B0 (fossil diesel), B25, B50, B75 and B100 (pure Mahua biodiesel) as fuels. Emissions of CO, HC, CO2, NOx were measured. Results showed that B25 blend produced lower emissions than other blends or fossil diesel at full load. Using B25 is suggested as an alternative fuel without engine modifications. Properties of the fuels were measured and discussed.
Performance and emission analysis in four stroke diesel engine using biodiese...IRJASH
In the present world it is essential to find an alternate fuel source due to the increased industrialization and depletion in natural resources. The method of obtaining biodiesel from various sources and blending them with diesel is adopted in many economically developed and developing countries around the world. This paper investigates the utilization of Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME) blends with diesel in CI engine. The performance and emission characteristics of pongamia with diesel with B40 could substitute in the place of pure diesel and be used as an alternate source of fuel in the near future, thus saving the natural resources for the future generation. Performance parameter like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency, brake power is evaluated.
Key words: Biodiesel, Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME), CI engine.
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Peroxide Induction to a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effects of adding hydrogen peroxide to biodiesel-diesel blends used in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from calophyllum inophyllum oil using a transesterification process. Blends containing 60% diesel, 30% biodiesel, and 10% hydrogen peroxide additive showed the best performance. Tests on the engine found that this blend had higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption and emissions than other blends, especially at a injection pressure of 205 bars. The addition of hydrogen peroxide was found to improve the performance and reduce emissions of the engine compared to blends without the additive.
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performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
This document discusses a study on the performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions of an Indian Pomegranate seed oil biodiesel in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from pomegranate seed oil via an alkaline transesterification process. The biodiesel and its blends (B25, B50, B75, B100) were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx decreased for biodiesel blends while smoke and CO2 increased marginally. Combustion characteristics also improved with biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone
Measurement of Acceleration & Vibration :
Different simple Instruments
Principle of seismic-instruments
Geometric COSMOLOGY/PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
Vibro meter and Accelerometer
This document discusses a P-N junction, which is a basic component in semiconductor devices. It mentions Sudheer Nandi and thanks someone, but provides no other details about the topic. The document is too short and lacks essential information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary.
Measurement of speed:
Mechanical Tachometers
Electrical Tachometers
Stroboscope
Non contact type of Tachometers.
Stress & strain Measurements:
Various types- Electrical Strain Gauge.
Gauge factor
Method of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending compressive & Tensile strains
Usage for Measuring torque.
Strain gauge Rosettes.
This document discusses various aspects of project management including scope management, work breakdown structure (WBS), earned value management (EVM), and project risk management. It provides information on defining project scope, creating a WBS, using EVM to measure project performance, and implementing a process for identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risks. Key aspects covered include creating a project scope statement, developing a hierarchical WBS, calculating earned value, and planning for risk management.
The document discusses various aspects of project financing including financial projections, estimates, and analysis. It describes different techniques for financial forecasting like judgmental models, time series analysis, and regression analysis. Additionally, it covers topics such as evaluating project risks, structuring project financing, and ensuring project bankability.
Introduction to Project Management
History of Project Management
Project Life Cycle.
Project Analysis: Facets of Project Analysis
Strategy and Resource Allocation
Market and Demand Analysis
Technical Analysis
Economic and Ecological Analysis
The document discusses latitude and longitude coordinates and how they are used to locate positions on Earth. It explains that latitude ranges from 0 to 90 degrees north and south of the equator, while longitude ranges from 0 to 180 degrees east and west of the Prime Meridian. Coordinates can be expressed in degrees-minutes-seconds or decimal degrees format. It also provides conversions between the formats and approximations of distance equivalents for different units of degrees, minutes and seconds.
This document summarizes an experimental study of a modified diesel engine operating in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode compared to the original diesel combustion mode. The study found that HCCI combustion provided very low NOx and soot emissions but had challenges with hydrocarbon emissions, fuel consumption, ignition timing control, and performance at high loads. Cooled exhaust gas recirculation was used to control in-cylinder NOx production. Test results showed significant reductions in NOx and smoke emissions for HCCI combustion compared to diesel mode, along with generally higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions due to early fuel injection timing and fuel adhering to cylinder walls.
This document summarizes a study that examined convective boiling heat transfer of refrigerants R-22, R-134a, and CO2 in horizontal minichannels. The researchers obtained local heat transfer coefficients for varying heat fluxes, mass fluxes, and vapor qualities up to 1.0 in test sections made of stainless steel tubes with diameters of 1.5mm and 3.0mm. Nucleate boiling was the main heat transfer mechanism, and heat transfer coefficients increased and decreased with increasing heat flux and mass flux. The mean heat transfer coefficient ratio of R-22:R-134a:CO2 was approximately 1.0:0.8:2.0. A new boiling heat transfer coefficient correlation
This document summarizes a study on the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients of various pure halogenated refrigerants. An experimental apparatus was designed to measure the heat transfer coefficients of refrigerants like HFC32 and HFC125. The results showed that HFC125 and HFC32 had 50-70% higher heat transfer coefficients than HCFC22. Existing correlations did not accurately predict coefficients for some refrigerants, so a new correlation was developed that predicted all the measured data within 7%.
This document summarizes a study that examined convective boiling heat transfer of refrigerants R-22, R-134a, and CO2 in horizontal minichannels. The researchers obtained local heat transfer coefficients for varying heat fluxes, mass fluxes, and vapor qualities up to 1.0 in test sections made of stainless steel tubes with diameters of 1.5mm and 3.0mm. Nucleate boiling was the main heat transfer mechanism, and heat transfer coefficients increased and decreased with increasing heat flux and mass flux. The mean heat transfer coefficient ratio of R-22:R-134a:CO2 was approximately 1.0:0.8:2.0. A new boiling heat transfer coefficient correlation
This document discusses using phase changing materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage. PCMs absorb heat when melting from solid to liquid at a certain temperature range, and release heat when solidifying from liquid to solid. The author proposes storing PCMs in building walls and HVAC systems to help maintain comfortable indoor temperatures and reduce energy usage. Various PCM options are described, along with encapsulation methods to control volume changes and prevent reactivity. Techniques for increasing PCM thermal conductivity, like adding metallic fillers or fins, are also summarized. The conclusion reiterates that further PCM research and system design optimization could improve energy storage efficiency.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of the thermal behavior of phase change materials (PCM) under dynamic thermal effects. The experiments were carried out using two identical boxes called MICROBAT, with one box having PCM-covered walls. The results showed that the heat storage of the PCM-covered walls effectively stabilized the internal environment when subjected to changing external temperatures, demonstrating the potential of PCM to improve thermal comfort in buildings while reducing energy consumption.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
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This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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1. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine
Running with a Range of
Biodiesel Feedstocks
Sudheer Nandi
2. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
• The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of biodiesel types and biodiesel fraction on the
emission characteristics of a CI engine.
• The experimental work was carried out on a four-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection (DI) and
turbocharged diesel engine by using biodiesel made from waste oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil and comparing th
em to normal diesel.
• The fuels used in the analyses are B10, B20, B50, B100 and neat diesel. Based on the measured parameters,
detailed analyses were carried out on major regulated emissions such as NOx, CO, CO2, and THC.
• The results also clearly indicate that the engine running with biodiesel and blends have higher NOx emissio
n by up to 20%. However, the emissions of the CI engine running on neat biodiesel (B100) were reduced by
up to 15%, 40% and 30% for CO, CO2 and THC emissions respectively, as compared to diesel fuel at
various operating conditions.
Keywords: compression engine; biodiesel blend; nitrogen oxides; carbon dioxide;
carbon monoxide; total hydrocarbon.
A b s t r a c t
3. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
Why biodiesel …! Facing problem
3
Biodiesel
Glycerin (thick)
Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for
viscous fuels like vegetable oil Or Animal fat
4. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
WHAT MAKE BIODIESEL TO USE..!
• Current and future emission regulations are, and will become, more
stringent and as a consequence.
• The major alternative fuels being used in automotive transport are et
hanol, hydrogen and biodiesel. Ethanol technology is successfully
established and commercialized in both developing and developed c
ountries.
• diesel engines are expected to remain in use for high-power
applications, such as rail road locomotives, ships and over land trans
port trucks .
4
5. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 5
History of Vegetable Oil Based Fuels
The use of vegetable oils as engine fuels may seem insignificant today but the such oils may become, in
the course of time, as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time.
-Rudolph Diesel, 1912
• 1900 - Rudolph Diesel debuted the first diesel engine
running on peanut oil at the World’s Exhibition in Paris
• After Diesel’s mysterious death in 1913, development
focused on the use of petroleum-based fuels
6. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
What is Biodiesel?
• Biodiesel is a petroleum diesel replacement fuel used in
CI engines.
• It can be produced from any plant or animal based lipids.
– Plant Based Oils:
• Soybean oil; cotton seeds oil; sunflower oil.
– Animal Fats:
• Beef tallow; pork lard; poultry fat.
– Recycled Cooking Grease:
• Yellow grease.
7. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
Biodiesel Production Process
Source: www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/02-03/biofuels/what_biodiesel.htm
11. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
• Biodiesel reduces tailpipe particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC),
and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from most modern four-stroke
CI engines.
• These benefits occur because the fuel (B100) contains 11% oxygen by
weight.
• The presence of fuel oxygen allows the fuel to burn more completely,
so fewer unburned fuel emissions result.
• This same phenomenon reduces air toxics, because the air toxics are
associated with the unburned or partially burned HC and PM emissions.
• Testing has shown that PM, HC, and CO reductions are independent of
the feedstock used to make biodiesel.
11
Emissions Benefits
12. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
Table 1. Estimated share of literature (in % number of publications)on effect
of pure biodiesel on engine performance and emission in comparison with
diesel [12,13].
18. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 18
Source: Tesfa, B.; Mishra, RGu, F.; Powles, N. Prediction models for density and viscosity of biodiesel and their effects on fuel
supply system in CI engines. Renew. Energy 2010, 35, 2752–2760
20. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 20
Results and Discussion
(a) Variation of CO2 emission of CI engine running with ROB, COB, WOB and
diesel at a load of 420 Nm; (b) CO2 emission reductions in percentage comparing
biodiesel (ROB, COB, WOB) with diesel at 420 Nm.
Effects of Biodiesel Content on Engine Emissions Parameters
21. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 21
(a) Variation of NOx emission of CI engine running with ROB, COB, WOB and
diesel at a load of 420 Nm; (b) NOx emission reductions in percentage comparing
biodiesel (ROB, COB, WOB) with diesel at 420 Nm.
22. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 22
(a) Variation of THC emission of CI engine running with ROB, COB, WOB and diesel at a
load of 420 Nm; (b) THC emission reductions in percentage comparing biodiesel
(ROB, COB, WOB) with diesel at 420 Nm.
23. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 23
(a)Variation of CO emission of CI engine running with ROB, COB, WOB and diesel at
a load of 420 Nm; (b) CO emission reductions in percentage comparing biodiesel
(ROB, COB, WOB) with diesel at 420 Nm.
24. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 24
Effects of Biodiesel Blend Fraction on Engine Emissions Parameters
(a) Variation of NOx emissions with engine speed for CI engine running with biodiesel blends at a load of 420 Nm;
(b) Nox emission reductions due to biodiesel blends (B10, B20, B50, B100) comparing with diesel at 420 Nm.
25. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 25
(a) Variation of CO2 emissions with engine speed for CI engine running with
biodiesel blends at a load of 420 Nm; (b) CO2 emission reductions due to
biodiesel blends (B10, B20, B50, B100) comparing with diesel at 420 Nm.
26. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 26
(a) Variation of CO emissions with engine speed for CI engine running with biodiesel blends at a load
of 420 Nm; (b) CO emission reductions due to biodiesel blends (B10, B20, B50, B100) comparing
with diesel at 420 Nm.
27. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ. 27
(a) Variation of THC emissions with engine speed for CI engine running with biodiesel blends at a load
of 420 Nm; (b) THC emission reductions due to biodiesel blends (B10, B20, B50, B100) comparing
with diesel at 420 Nm.
28. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
Conclusions
28
The following conclusions are drawn for this specific fuel and engine configuration:
1. The source of biodiesel does not show a significant effect on the CI engine’s emissions
(CO2,CO, NOx and THC) as long as the fuel physical (density, viscosity and lower heating value)
and chemical (molecular composition) properties remain same.
2. The emission analyses of the CI engine running with biodiesel highlights a significant
reduction in CO2, CO and THC emission under working engine operation conditions. It is also
found that when the biodiesel content increases a further reduction in emissions is observed,
except for CO, where B20 and B50 produced lower results. This emission reduction is most
likely a result of the oxygen content in biodiesel and the low carbon hydrogen ratio.
3. For all biodiesel contents the NOx emission increases for all operating conditions of the CI
engine. This increase may be explained by the higher oxygen content present in biodiesel and
the advanced injection characteristics.
29. Thermal Energy Conversion Control Lab. Chonbuk Nat’I Univ.
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