First, be aware that the Romans never used this term; to the very .docxAKHIL969626
First, be aware that the Romans never used this term; to the very end they referred to it as a "republic," though in reality the Republic ended for all intents and purposes with the assassination of Julius Caesar. Throughout the five centuries of the empire, the outward forms of the Republic were maintained - the Senate and other officials like aediles and quaestors; two consuls were elected every year, as in the old days, and the emperor technically was their employee (often the emperorwas a consul). The word we use - "emperor" - is the Latin imperator, and it means something like "commanding general" - to the Romans it did not connote hereditary monarchy, as it does in English. There were no "empresses" - the word imperatrix would have sounded as silly to the Romans as "generaless" would sound to us as a term for a general's wife. The office was never technically hereditary, though emperors often arranged to have their sons or nephews succeed them.
The image at right is Augustus Caesar - note that he has a toga, but it's not worn properly; he holds it so that you can see his military uniform; this is not accidental.
After a long three-way civil war (44-31 BC), Julius Caesar's great-nephew and adopted son Octavian defeated his rivals Mark Antony (Marcus Antonius) and Pompey (Pompeius) and made himself emperor with the name "Augustus." It means "the great one" - he was not modest. He was a brilliant general and administrator, and during his long reign established many new institutions that would last throughout the empire; some are still reflected in modern political and religious institutions today. (For example, he and most of the later emperors took the office of "pontifex maximus," or high priest; it is still a title of the Pope today because the first Christian emperor, Constantine, gave it to the bishop of Rome.) Read the textbook for the details of the Augustan reforms. Here is one: the policy of giving retired soldiers land in the various provinces, where they usually settled down and married local women; as a result, everyone today whose ancestors came from a country formerly part of the Roman empire has at least a little Roman DNA.
The next four emperors were members of Augustus' extended family, called by historians the "Julio-Claudians" (they were the product of several marriages between the noble Julius and Claudius families). When you look at their history - better, or more horrible, than any modern soap opera - you can understand how great a leader Augustus was - his empire actually survived the efforts of his murderous, corrupt, incestuous relatives, and even got stronger. Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius were all murdered (suffocation, stabbing, and poison mushrooms, respectively), and Nero killed himself (actually, had a servant do it).
After that, the army - specifically, thePraetorian Guard, a regiment that was the emperor's personal guards - took over, setting up and pulling down emperors. (Not many emperors died quietly ...
First, be aware that the Romans never used this term; to the very .docxAKHIL969626
First, be aware that the Romans never used this term; to the very end they referred to it as a "republic," though in reality the Republic ended for all intents and purposes with the assassination of Julius Caesar. Throughout the five centuries of the empire, the outward forms of the Republic were maintained - the Senate and other officials like aediles and quaestors; two consuls were elected every year, as in the old days, and the emperor technically was their employee (often the emperorwas a consul). The word we use - "emperor" - is the Latin imperator, and it means something like "commanding general" - to the Romans it did not connote hereditary monarchy, as it does in English. There were no "empresses" - the word imperatrix would have sounded as silly to the Romans as "generaless" would sound to us as a term for a general's wife. The office was never technically hereditary, though emperors often arranged to have their sons or nephews succeed them.
The image at right is Augustus Caesar - note that he has a toga, but it's not worn properly; he holds it so that you can see his military uniform; this is not accidental.
After a long three-way civil war (44-31 BC), Julius Caesar's great-nephew and adopted son Octavian defeated his rivals Mark Antony (Marcus Antonius) and Pompey (Pompeius) and made himself emperor with the name "Augustus." It means "the great one" - he was not modest. He was a brilliant general and administrator, and during his long reign established many new institutions that would last throughout the empire; some are still reflected in modern political and religious institutions today. (For example, he and most of the later emperors took the office of "pontifex maximus," or high priest; it is still a title of the Pope today because the first Christian emperor, Constantine, gave it to the bishop of Rome.) Read the textbook for the details of the Augustan reforms. Here is one: the policy of giving retired soldiers land in the various provinces, where they usually settled down and married local women; as a result, everyone today whose ancestors came from a country formerly part of the Roman empire has at least a little Roman DNA.
The next four emperors were members of Augustus' extended family, called by historians the "Julio-Claudians" (they were the product of several marriages between the noble Julius and Claudius families). When you look at their history - better, or more horrible, than any modern soap opera - you can understand how great a leader Augustus was - his empire actually survived the efforts of his murderous, corrupt, incestuous relatives, and even got stronger. Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius were all murdered (suffocation, stabbing, and poison mushrooms, respectively), and Nero killed himself (actually, had a servant do it).
After that, the army - specifically, thePraetorian Guard, a regiment that was the emperor's personal guards - took over, setting up and pulling down emperors. (Not many emperors died quietly ...
Ancient RomeBeginning in the eighth century B.C., Anciencheryllwashburn
Ancient Rome
Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands.
Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.
They then instead had a council known as the 'senate' which ruled over them. From this point on one speaks of the 'Roman Republic'.
Early Rome was governed by kings, but after only seven of them had ruled, the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves
The word 'Republic' itself comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica' which mean 'public matters' or 'matters of state'.
The senate under the kings had only been there to advise the king. Now the senate appointed a consul, who ruled Rome like a king, but only for one year. - This was a wise idea, as like that, the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
Rome knew four classes of people. This division was very important to the Romans.
The lowest class were the slaves. They were owned by other people. They had no rights at all. The next class were the plebeians. They were free people. But they had little say at all.
The second highest class were the equestrians (sometimes they are called the 'knights'). Their name means the 'riders', as they were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome. To be an equestrian you had to be rich.
The highest class were the nobles of Rome. They were called 'patricians'. All the real power in Rome lay with them.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa which, much like Rome, controlled its own empire. The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops, including his war-elephants, and invaded Italy. Though Rome in the end won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome's most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general who, without having any orders to do so, conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France.
In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator.
His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra.
His life though was ended as he was inf ...
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
9. The Gallic Conquest and its effects on the world. It fixed the boundaries from the Pyrenees Mts to the Rhine River and from the Alps to the Atlantic. It allowed Greco-Italian culture to spread and thus most of Europe became Latinized rather than Germanized. Our culture, our language, art, architecture and government is heavily influenced by Caesar’s invasion of Gaul.
