1) Rome conquered Judea in 6 AD, around the time Jesus was born. Jesus' teachings formed the basis for Christianity.
2) Roman governor Pontius Pilate had Jesus crucified, but his followers believed he ascended to heaven and could offer salvation to Christians.
3) Christianity spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire due to missionaries like Paul and being adopted as the official religion under Constantine. However, Christians were earlier persecuted for refusing to worship Roman gods.
This presentation is all about the leader of 1 AD to 569 AD. Here all influential leader are included in the timeline of -569AD. In fact, the raise and fall reason of those leader is described the content. In addition, the legacy and contribution of the leader also included in this presentation.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Romans Conquered Judea in 6 AD.
Jesus was born here about 10-12 years
before it became part of the Roman
Empire.
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
-Many Jews
believed Jesus
was the Messiah
(savior) destined
to free them
3. Jesus’ Death
•Roman governor Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus
to be crucified.
•Apostles believed Jesus ascended into heaven
after death, giving all Christians the ability to go to
heaven.
•Christos, Greek word for “savior”; Christianity
derived from “Christ”.
4. Growth of Christianity
•Followers spread Christianity—new religion
based on Jesus’ teachings. It was open to
all converts (and it was easy to convert to
Christianity).
Paul’s Mission
Apostle Paul spends his life preaching and
interpreting Christianity. The Christian message
was translated into the common languages of
Latin and Greek help to spread the religion.
Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
5. Jewish Rebellion
Jews rebelled against Roman rule; Roman
troops stormed Jerusalem, destroy Temple
Rebellions in A.D. 66, 70, 132 fail; Jews
were driven from their homeland.
•Diaspora:
centuries of
Jewish exile.
(from Greek
word for
“dispersal”)
6. Persecution of the Christians
•Christians would not worship Roman gods;
were considered enemies of Roman rule
•Roman rulers use Christians as scapegoats for
hard times
•Towards the
end of the Pax
Romana,
Christians
were
crucified,
burned, killed
in the arena
7. The earliest organized persecutions took place
in 64AD under the rule of emperor Nero.
However, most of the violence that occurred was
sporadic and done by violent mobs. The only
exception being between 303-312AD, known as
the “Great Persecution”, a direct order was given
by the emperor (Diocletian) to destroy all
Christian books and do not allow Christians to
congregate (hold meetings).
8. People who are willing to sacrifice their lives
for the sake of a belief or cause.
9. Constantine Accepts Christianity
• Constantine—Roman emperor,
battles for control of Rome in
A.D. 312.
• Has vision of cross, Christian
symbol; places on soldiers’
shields.
• Believes Christian God helped
him win; legalizes
Christianity.
• In A.D. 380 Emperor
Theodosius
makes Christianity official
religion of the empire.
10. Section-4
The Fall of the
Roman Empire
Internal problems and innovations spur the
division and decline of the Roman Empire.
11. A Century of Crisis
The Empire Declines:
Pax Romana ends in A.D. 180 with
death of emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Subsequent emperors were unable to
govern the giant empire.
12. Rome’s Economy Weakens
Rome was running out of sources of silver and
gold to make new coins. They started to mint
coins that contained less silver, and caused
inflation (drop in the value of money and
rise in prices).
13. More on “Inflation”
A continual increase in the price of goods and
services (Webster).
Side note: Hyper-Inflation, is when inflation
rates are at 50%+ a month (For example, on
January 1st a bottle of Coke at the CU is 1,300
won. On February 1st, its up to 1,950 won).
Trillion Dollar Bill
14.
15. Military and Political Turmoil
• Soldiers loyal to commanders, not Rome;
commanders fought each other for control
• Government enlists mercenaries—foreign
soldiers paid to fight
• Average citizens lose interest in the affairs
of Rome, lose patriotism.
16. Eastern and Western Empires
Diocletian thought the empire was too big for
a single ruler to govern, so he spit it into two
parts. This division didn’t last long: the next
emperor Constantine united the empire
again.
17. Constantine Moves the Capital
Constantine becomes emperor of Western
Empire in A.D. 312 Seizes Eastern Empire in
A.D. 324; moves Roman capital to Byzantium
Byzantium eventually renamed Constantinople.
18. Germanic/Mongolian Invasions
Mongol nomads from Asia, the Huns,
invade northern borders of empire
Germanic tribes flee Huns, enter Roman
lands, sack Rome A.D. 410
The Western Empire Crumbles
20. Attila the Hun
Attila—unites the Huns in A.D. 444;
plunders 70 cities in East
Attacks Rome in 452; famine and
disease prevents victory
Not Genghis Khan
100,000
soldiers
21.
22. An Empire No More
The last Roman emperor (Romulus Augustulus, 14
years old) falls to Germans in 476; this was the
end of the Roman empire in the west.
Romulus Augustulus
23. The East would continue to flourish
with Constantinople as its capital
-Continuing on the Greco-Roman traditions
-Would go on to last as the Byzantine Empire
-This empire would continue on to till 1453
when overthrown by the Ottoman Turks.
