The document discusses the concept of gatekeeping, which was coined by Kurt Lewin in 1947 to refer to the process by which certain individuals control the flow of information to larger groups. Gatekeepers decide what messages or content will be allowed to pass through gates or filters to be distributed and consumed by others. The document provides examples of gatekeepers in media like newspaper editors and television news producers. It also discusses how gatekeeping theory has been applied across various fields of study.