The document discusses the emergence of mass culture in the 19th century. It describes how mass culture became available to large populations through mass media like print, broadcast, and the internet. Mass culture serves to entertain and distract people, and modern economic development has given people free time and income to pay for entertainment. Mass culture faces criticism for its low quality productions that appeal to basic instincts rather than intellectual growth. However, mass culture also plays an important role in societal changes.

2. PREPARED BY
UMAIR

9. Emergence of mass culture in 19th century

10. Mass culture is made available
to the masses either with the
help of mass media like
broadcast, print, internet or by
word of mouth.

14. To entertain and to
distract
Level of economic
development of modern
societies has made possible
liberation of a free time with
which it is necessary to occupy
with something, and also has
raised a standard of living.
People have appeared capable
to pay for getting them
entertained

15. The modern society
 fast rate of social changes and their
unpredictability
 fragility of social communications
 an overabundance of the inconsistent
information
All it generates requirement from time to
time to
"be disconnected, “relax".
And the mass culture allows satisfying
both requirements:
carrying out of leisure, entertainment and
a relaxation

16. The mass culture constantly is exposed to
criticism both from researchers, and from the
most exacting public.
The criticism is caused by
• poor quality of production of "the cultural
industry
• frequently playing the most primitive
requirements
• the instincts, not aspiring to
spiritual development of consumers

17. Other direction of criticism - commercial character of a
mass culture, transformation of culture into the
goods.
Besides all the negative sides of Mass Culture, it should
not be coined as negative key, as it plays a important role
in structural changes in any society and is responsible
for particular functions in the society.

18. Agatha Christie and George
Simenon's detective novels - it is
doubtless, samples of a mass culture.
Nevertheless, they are recognized by
"genre classics" and possess doubtless art
advantages. Music "Beatles" - a brightest
example of mass art.

19. E.Schilz marked cultural
heterogeneity and cultural variety
of a mass society, allocated the various
"levels" of culture existing in it:
As one of displays of "disagreement" of
a mass society division of its culture at
least on three degrees of quality acts.
These are so-called "higher", or
"found", "average" or "mediocre",
and "lowest" or "vulgar", cultures.

20. The "higher" culture is not connected in any way with
the social status.
It means perfection degree in it is defined not by a
social standing of founders or consumers of objects of
culture,
and only truthfulness and beauty of these objects

21. The category of "average" culture includes
products to which, irrespective of efforts of
their founders, criteria of estimations of
products of the "higher" culture are
inapplicable.
The "mediocre" culture is less original, than
"higher”, though operates with the same
genres, as the "higher" culture

22. At the third level there is the "lowest" culture which
products are elementary.
Some of them have genre forms of
“average” and even the “higher”
culture (the fine arts, music, verses, novels, stories),
but also games and shows (boxing, jumps), possessing
direct expressiveness and the minimum internal
maintenance.
At this level of culture depth of penetration is almost
always insignificant and refinement is absent.

23. The mass society is absorbed
considerably by quantity of
culture.
The greatest scope was got by
distribution of "mediocre" and
"lowest" cultures, and the
proportional stock of the
"higher" culture was sharply
reduced.

24. Most obvious of the reasons of the similar
phenomenon
• the big availability
• reduction of expenses of work
• increase in time of leisure
• a material prosperity of the majority of
people
As a result Consumption of the "higher"
culture also has increased, though and to a
lesser degree.

26. OR

30. As the rise of mass society is resulted from
urbanization and industrialization so there are some
consequences

31. Advancement of science
Rise in mass democracy
Mass education and public
communication in western societies

32. ASSUMPTIONS:
The media
are powerful
force within
society and
can change
norms and
values
There is a
direct
influence of
media on
people
Long term
consequences
Average
people are
vulnerable to
media