This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
This presentation is made by Samin VossoughiRad. American University for Humanities- Tbilisi campus
The security Dilemma is the them of the presentation and it has been explained exactly why states goes to war
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
Relations among states take place in the absence of a world government. For realists, this means that the international system is anarchical. International relations are best understood by focusing on the distribution of power among states. Despite their formal legal equality, the uneven distribution of power means that the arena of international relations is a form of ‘power politics’. Power is hard to measure; its distribution among states changes over time and there is no consensus among states about how it should be distributed. International relations is therefore a realm of necessity (states must seek power to survive in a competitive environment) and continuity over time. When realists contemplate change in the international system, they focus on changes in the balance of power among states, and tend to discount the possibility of fundamental change in the dynamics of the system itself.
The following key thinkers all subscribe to these basic assumptions in their explorations of the following questions:
(1) What are the main sources of stability and instability in the international system?
(2) What is the actual and preferred balance of power among states?
(3) How should the great powers behave toward one another and toward weaker states?
(4) What are the sources and dynamics of contemporary changes in the balance of power?
Despite some shared assumptions about the nature of international relations, realists are not all of one voice in answering these questions, and it would be wrong to believe that shared assumptions lead to similar conclusions among them. In fact, there is sharp disagreement over the relative merits of particular balances of power (unipolarity, bipolarity and multipolarity). There is also much debate over the causal relationship between states and the international pressures upon them, and the relative importance of different kinds of power in contemporary international relations.
The presentation is on neoliberalism in international relations. The emergence of neoliberalism and convergence and difference of neoliberalism and structural realism as well as barriers to international cooperation is presented.
This presentation is made by Samin VossoughiRad. American University for Humanities- Tbilisi campus
The security Dilemma is the them of the presentation and it has been explained exactly why states goes to war
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
Relations among states take place in the absence of a world government. For realists, this means that the international system is anarchical. International relations are best understood by focusing on the distribution of power among states. Despite their formal legal equality, the uneven distribution of power means that the arena of international relations is a form of ‘power politics’. Power is hard to measure; its distribution among states changes over time and there is no consensus among states about how it should be distributed. International relations is therefore a realm of necessity (states must seek power to survive in a competitive environment) and continuity over time. When realists contemplate change in the international system, they focus on changes in the balance of power among states, and tend to discount the possibility of fundamental change in the dynamics of the system itself.
The following key thinkers all subscribe to these basic assumptions in their explorations of the following questions:
(1) What are the main sources of stability and instability in the international system?
(2) What is the actual and preferred balance of power among states?
(3) How should the great powers behave toward one another and toward weaker states?
(4) What are the sources and dynamics of contemporary changes in the balance of power?
Despite some shared assumptions about the nature of international relations, realists are not all of one voice in answering these questions, and it would be wrong to believe that shared assumptions lead to similar conclusions among them. In fact, there is sharp disagreement over the relative merits of particular balances of power (unipolarity, bipolarity and multipolarity). There is also much debate over the causal relationship between states and the international pressures upon them, and the relative importance of different kinds of power in contemporary international relations.
The presentation is on neoliberalism in international relations. The emergence of neoliberalism and convergence and difference of neoliberalism and structural realism as well as barriers to international cooperation is presented.
Set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. International Law serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based legal systems. International law is primarily applicable to countries than to private citizens. International Law is consent-based governance - a state member of the international community is not obliged to abide by this type of international law, unless it has expressly consented to a particular course of conduct.
Sources of international law (by Advocate Raja Aleem)Raja Aleem
International Law is a rule that has been accepted as such by the "International Community".
The legal process that concerns relations among nations is called international law.
International law is a body of rules that govern relations between states, functioning of international institutions/organizations and rights and duties of individuals.
(There are three International Relationships are governed by “International Law”.)
1)Those between Nations and Nations
2)Those between Nations and persons; and
3)Those between Persons and Persons
Sources of International Law:
The term ‘source’ refers to methods or procedure by which International Law is created.
There are five sources of International law, According to section: 38(1) of the statute of the “International Court of Justice”. These are:
1.International Conventions or called “Treaties”
2.International Customs
3.General Principles of Law recognized by Civilized Nations
4.Decisions of Judicial and Arbitral Tribunals; and
5.Juristic Works or called “Writing of Eminent Jurists”
Week 4, Reading Section 4.1 David Humes AntecedentsI. David H.docxcockekeshia
Week 4, Reading Section 4.1: David Hume's Antecedents
I. David Hume’s Antecedents
David Hume was a British Philosopher, in the tradition of the Empiricists, John Locke and George Berkeley. He is credited, among many contributions, with revisiting the question of whether Ethics/Morality should be based on Reason vs. Emotions/Passions. Unlike Aristotle and many other Western thinkers before him, Hume argued that Ethics could not be based on Reason, since Reason provides only alternative choices, based on analyses of issues and situations.
Thus, Hume answered the question, by concluding that Ethical Thought must be based on Emotion, in general, and Compassion for one’s fellows, in particular. Reason provided a moral decision-maker with facts and choices, along with positions for each choice. But many Ethical dilemmas involve conflicting values and choices. Reason, alone, could not lead a decision-maker to choose one alternative as “the best.” As we shall see in Week 5, Immanuel Kant, the creator of Deontology, disagreed with Hume.
Resource: Empathy and Sympathy in Ethics
As the Eighteenth Century gave way to the Nineteenth and to the Industrial Revolution, with its concentration of productive activities into factories and the squalid conditions under which workers labored and they and their families existed, reformers arose, seeking solutions to those conditions and problems. Three such reformers were Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Harriet Taylor, who came to be called Utilitarians, after the Principle of Utility that Bentham and Mill promulgated.
Resource: David Hume
Week 4, Reading Section 4.2: General Theory of Utilitarianism
II. General Theory of Utilitarianism
First Bentham, then Mill and Taylor, analyzed the World in terms of Pain and Pleasure/ Happiness. The predominant condition, especially in Industrial societies in Europe, and later in North America, for the vast majority of people, was Pain and Displeasure. For these three writers, Happiness and Pleasure were characterized by the removal or abatement of Pain, whether of a physical or an emotional nature. Given the conditions our modern media show us, as existing in many parts of the World, it is not difficult, even now, to imagine such conditions existing in the predecessors of our own societies. Disease, war, famine, civil strife, violence, among other factors, were the primary causes of Pain.
Resource: Notes on Utilitarianism
The Utilitarians argued that moral/ethical actions were those, which, on balance, reduced Pain and increased, thereby, Pleasure/Happiness. By positing the definition of Happiness/ Pleasure, as the Removal of Pain, they provided a measure by which to gauge such ameliorative efforts. One weakness is that those definitions are circular: (1) Happiness is the absence of Pain; (2) Pain is the absence of Happiness. Nevertheless, it was a more concrete, starting point, than more esoteric concepts of “the Good,” as suggested by Aristotle and h.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate class on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003 and 2005. These slides deal with concepts such as power, influence and authority.
-------------------
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
http://brianbelen.wordpress.com
Collective Identity Formation and The International StateAmin Sadeghi
Alexander Wendt on Constructivism and the Collective: Collective Identity, Collective Interest, and Collective Action. Wendt's article broke free from decades of Realism as the monopoly in International Relations.
This summary only deals with an introduction as well as defining the international state. It is in no an exhaustive summary of the whole article.
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 2Running head Module 7 Homework Assignment.docxdanielfoster65629
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 2
Running head: Module 7 Homework Assignment
Module 7 Homework Assignment
LaShaun Berry
Allied American University
Author Note
This paper was prepared for [INSERT COURSE NAME], [INSERT COURSE ASSIGNMENT] taught by [INSERT INSTRUCTOR’S NAME].
PART I: Short Response Questions
Directions: Please provide detailed and elaborate responses to the following questions. Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments, if possible. For each question, your response must be at least 100 words in length and utilize APA guidelines. Please visit the Academic Resource Center (ARC) for information about APA guidelines.
1. Describe the female reproductive system. Begin by first identifying significant anatomical parts and explaining what role each organ plays in the reproductive process. Then, name important pathology that afflicts those particular anatomical parts just named. Also, choose which laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures would be used in compliance with that specific pathology.
2. Explain the workings of the lymphatic system. First, begin by identifying important anatomical parts and indicating what each organ is responsible for in the entire system. Next, specify any diseases or pathology that afflicts those specific anatomical parts just named. Then, select the laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures that would be used in compliance with that particular disease or pathology.
3. Examine the male reproductive system. Start by identifying key anatomical parts and explaining what each organ is responsible for in the body system. Then, indicate any diseases or pathology that afflicts those particular anatomical parts just named. After indicating the diseases or pathology, decide which of the laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures would be used in compliance with that specific disease or pathology.
4. Explore the musculoskeletal system. Begin by first matching the medical term with the more commonly known term for the anatomical parts. For example, “clavicle” is more commonly known as “collar bone” and “patella” is more often called the “knee cap.” Then, name important pathology that afflicts those particular anatomical parts just named. Also, choose which laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures would be used in compliance with that specific pathology.
PART II: Journal
Please write at least two paragraphs (minimum 200 words) summarizing the case study of Alan and Jackie, Jeannine and Joshua, Frank, or Mrs. Nouri (choose one only). Please refer back to the Module 7 Overview and click on the Online Lessons. Describe your thoughts about Alan and Jackie, Jeannine and Joshua, Frank, or Mrs. Nouri.
8
AMERICAN IDEOLOGY
(Name)
(Course)
(Date)
Abstract
Ideological views are the basic systems of values and ideas that guide a community and form the basis of the community’s political and economic life. Ideological views are carried through time fro.
Audience: HK Pxxxxx
But they're not interested in it, and even imposed their own biases throughout the course, with finding that white powder and sing txx daily over a table.
A book being banned in Mainland China showing how the CCP fails to keep its promise by referring to the past articles on advocating and supporting democracy in China
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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1. Topic 2: 3 Approaches to IR
JOU 103
(Updated on September 20, 2007)
2. 2
Concepts
Is a general idea about something, usually expressed in a
single word or a short phrase
Essential step in the process of reasoning: “tools” with
which we think, criticize, argue, explain and analyze
Value-laden
meaning may be the subject to argument and debate
greater substance and significance than they actually possesses
3. 3
Facts and values [1]
Facts:
Things that happened and are happening
Involve what, when, where, who, why, and how (5w1h)
Regardless of what we feel, things that happened in the
past cannot be changed
I ate an apple
Tung Chee-hwa stepped down in 2005
Anson Chan declared that she will contest the by-election of the
Legislative Council in December this year
4. 4
Facts and values [2]
Values:
Personal judgments (from positive to negative)
Even though the fact is same, but values can be
different and divergent
Not necessarily based on facts to judge
(I like apples): I ate a tasty apple
(A businessman who supported Tung Chee-hwa):
Tung was a kind person
(A pro-Beijing supporter): Anson Chan will contest
the by-election of the Legislative Council that will
disturb the domestic politics
5. 5
Facts and values [3]
Values can be determined by the following factors
1. Life experiences
2. Educational level
3. Income level
4. Interests
5. Gender
6. Ethnicity
7. Family
8. Peer group
9. Level of understanding
10. political ideologies, etc.
7. 7
3 Approaches to IR [2]
3 approaches/concepts in explaining
international relations: Realism, liberalism
/idealism, and radicalism
The emergence of such approaches is attributed
to two world wars
To be great powers: realism (e.g., Germany, Italy,
Soviet Union, United States)
Peace, harmony, and order through organizations
and laws: liberalism (e.g., the League of Nations, the
United Nations)
Self-interest and conflicts are inevitable: radicalism
(e.g., Soviet Union VS United States after World War
II)
8. 8
3 Approaches to IR [3]
Realism Idealism Radicalism
Other
labels
Realpolitik, power
politics
Liberalism,
liberal
international-
ism, utopianism
Marxism,
socialism
Nature A struggle for
power,
dominance, force,
national interest,
self-help (in order
to uphold
sovereignty)
Peace,
human progress,
social harmony,
individual rights,
moral values,
legal norms
Conflicting/
dominant
interests of
social classes,
(rich VS poor),
dominance,
trans-national
9. 9
3 Approaches to IR [4]
Realism Liberalism Radicalism
Actors Nation-states Nation-states
and nonstate
actors (e.g.,
UN)
Nation-state,
nonstate actors
and transnational
economic/ social
classes
Interact-
ions
Competitive,
conflictual,
short-term
cooperation
Competitive,
but also
cooperative in
economic and
diplomatic
issues
Competitive,
exploitative in
North-South
relations,
transnational
cooperative
relations
10. 10
3 Approaches to IR [5]
Realism Liberalism Radicalism
E.g., Germany in
World War I &
II, U.S and
U.S.S.R. after
World War II
U.N.,
World Trade
Organization, the
International
Monetary Fund,
the World Bank
A worldwide
anti-WTO
protests against
economic
exploitation and
dominance
11. 11
3 Approaches to IR [6]
No single approach is perfect in understanding IR
Given the complexity of world politics, three of them
can be applied in varying degrees, as well as in different
contexts
Consider the following factors while applying the
chosen approach
1. The nature of the issue (e.g., political, diplomatic, and/or
economic ones)
2. Using keywords and points mentioned in features and
interactions to judge
3. Using examples (e.g., events, actions) to illustrate your
arguments
