This document provides an introduction to Ayurvedic treatment of alcoholism or madatyaya. It discusses the introduction of alcohol and alcoholism, standard alcohol content of different beverages, properties of alcohol versus ojas, stages of intoxication and alcoholism. It then covers the samprapti or pathogenesis of alcoholism, dosha involvement, short and long term effects, complications, general signs and symptoms, and general line of treatment including practical approaches focusing on intoxication, withdrawal and dependence. It also discusses the clinical experience of using single drugs like Brahmi, Ashwagandha, Jatamansi and Bhringaraja in the treatment of alcoholism.
Update on Ayurveda & Unani - 2009 on 14-15th November 2009 in Bal Gandharv Rangmandir, Pune organised by Maharastra University of Health Sciences, Regional Centre, AUNDH, Pune
Role of Ayurvedic drugs in KASA (COUGH)
Dr. Rajtilak Tiwari M.D. ( Kayachikitsa)
{Assistant Professor in Kayachikitsa dept. in Shivshakti lal sharma Ayurvedic College Ratlam (M.P.)}
Application of Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy) techniques in Madatyaya (Alcoholis...Dr. Prabhakar Manu
Madatyaya is a disorder due to excess of alcoholism results because of its continuous consumption without having any limitation to its quantity.Madakari Dravya is that by the intake of which produces disturbance of the intellect faculty by its virtue of Tamoguņa like Madya, Sura etc.Intake of excessive alcohol which is Tikshņa, Ushņa, Amla and Vidahi in guna makes the Annarasa Utkleda and will be digested improperly which ultimately turns Kshara and causes Antardaha (burning sensation in the interior of the body), Jvara (fever), Trishņa (morbid thirst), Pramoha (loss of orientation), Vibhrama (completely deranged mental faculty) and Mada (intoxication).The Dosha incited by alcohol causes obstruction to the movement of Vayu in the Srotas (channels of circulation) because of which the patient suffers from excruciating pain in the head, bones and joints. The best approach to achieve the goal of Satvavajaya chikitsa is to restrain mind from desire for unwholesome objects, is through Jnana (knowledge of self), Vijnana (professional analytical knowledge), Dhairya (confidence), Smriti (scriptural wisdom) and Samadhi (concentration) according to Charaka .
Update on Ayurveda & Unani - 2009 on 14-15th November 2009 in Bal Gandharv Rangmandir, Pune organised by Maharastra University of Health Sciences, Regional Centre, AUNDH, Pune
Role of Ayurvedic drugs in KASA (COUGH)
Dr. Rajtilak Tiwari M.D. ( Kayachikitsa)
{Assistant Professor in Kayachikitsa dept. in Shivshakti lal sharma Ayurvedic College Ratlam (M.P.)}
Application of Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy) techniques in Madatyaya (Alcoholis...Dr. Prabhakar Manu
Madatyaya is a disorder due to excess of alcoholism results because of its continuous consumption without having any limitation to its quantity.Madakari Dravya is that by the intake of which produces disturbance of the intellect faculty by its virtue of Tamoguņa like Madya, Sura etc.Intake of excessive alcohol which is Tikshņa, Ushņa, Amla and Vidahi in guna makes the Annarasa Utkleda and will be digested improperly which ultimately turns Kshara and causes Antardaha (burning sensation in the interior of the body), Jvara (fever), Trishņa (morbid thirst), Pramoha (loss of orientation), Vibhrama (completely deranged mental faculty) and Mada (intoxication).The Dosha incited by alcohol causes obstruction to the movement of Vayu in the Srotas (channels of circulation) because of which the patient suffers from excruciating pain in the head, bones and joints. The best approach to achieve the goal of Satvavajaya chikitsa is to restrain mind from desire for unwholesome objects, is through Jnana (knowledge of self), Vijnana (professional analytical knowledge), Dhairya (confidence), Smriti (scriptural wisdom) and Samadhi (concentration) according to Charaka .
JOINT DISEASE
A combination of pain and stiffness , leading to loss of function, is a classic feature of joint disease.Usually one component will predominates as stiffness in inflammation, and pain in mechanical joint problem.Therefore specific questions will establish whether symptoms are mechanical (e.g. degenerative joint disease & mechanical tear) or inflammatory(e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or gout).
A Guest lecture organised by Agnivesha Ayurveda Academy Bangalore; have invited to Dr. Lohith B. A. M.D., PhD. Head & Professor, Department of Panchakarma , SDM college of Ayurveda & Hospital, Hassan
To deliver the lecture on "Panchakarma and its advancement" on 27/04/2017
Here is an attempt made to critically analyse the chakshushya dravyas and their probable mode of action. Hope it will help the scholars of Ayurveda.Thank you.
Role of Vamana & Virechana in Lifestyle disorders by Ayurmitra Nadi Bhishak Prof KSR Prasad (Technoayurveda) in National Webinar On Role of Panchakarma in Lifestyle Disorders
On 15-09-2020 @ 2PM Panchakarma Dept, Govt PG Ayurveda College, Varanasi
POST COVID MANAGEMENT –an ayurvedic approach by Dr soumya Patil.pptxDr Soumya Patil
POST COVID MANAGEMENT AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH
A COMPREHENSIVE INITIATIVE TO UNDERSYTAND THE PATHOLOGY OF COVID AND TRY TO BREAK ITS PATJHOLOGY THROUGH AYURVED AAND GOIVE SYMPTOMATIC RELIEF AS WELL AS HELP PPL IN REGAINING THE IMMUNITY AND STOPPING THE RECURRENCE OF COVID .
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
To Understand The Post COVID Symptoms And Their Management Through Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities.
INTRODUCTION:
COVID- 19, the recent virus outbreak declared as Pandemic by WHO threatened the world by its fast spreading nature and is yet creating an alarmed situation throughout the world by Post Covid Symptoms
A recent study on Post-COVID manifestation of symptoms showed that about 72 percent of participants had major complaints, only 10.8 percent of survivors assessed in the study had no symptoms or manifestations post COVID.
Depending on the Immunity of a person, COVID-19 can differ in its impact on different people.
Similarly, Post-COVID conditions, which has become a grave issue in recent times, have also taken a major toll on people's lives.
Post covid manifestations can be understood as Agnimandya avasta and Dhatukshaya avastha in individual .
Hence modalities like Agnivardhaka and Rasayana property medication can be choosen .
Rasayana therapy is the one which brings the normalcy in Immune system by improving fundamentals like dhatu, agni, srotas. And ultimately fights against Post Covid Symptoms.
DEFINATION OF POST COVID
A/C to NICE :
"Signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection consistent with COVID‑19, continue for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis. It usually presents with clusters of symptoms, often overlapping, which can fluctuate and change over time.
CONCLUSION:
Much about the aftermath of the illness remains unclear or unknown, and there is even uncertainty about the term "recover" in the coronavirus context
According to Ayurveda concepts, there will be Dhatu-Kshaya & AgnimandyaAvastha Post COVID infection.
Hence, Dhatuposhana and Rasayana sevana drugs for at-least 45 days and to combat the residual effects of the virus on the body and to combat toxicity produced from antiviral drug therapy.
Deepana Pachana drugs may be used in case of abdominal discomfort .
Depending upon individuals Agni status and availability of medicine following drugs may be prescribed.
Ayurveda has enormous potential and treatment options which are available for enhancing the immunity and systemic illness and positively influence mental health , thus helpful in combating Post covid symptoms .
Hence Ayurveda should be used as main treatment modality for Heath restoration and Prevention of recurrence, rather than a adjuvant therapy in treating post COVID symptoms .
Role of Vatatapika Naimittika Rasayana as an Adjuvant Therapy in the Manageme...ijtsrd
Rajayaksma is considered as one among the Astamahagada. It clinically represents a syndrome affecting many srotas. In modern era Rajayakshma which affecting the Prana vaha srotas resembles respiratory dominant pulmonary tuberculosis. It is an major global health problem with increasing morbidity and mortality at an alarming rate especially in the developing countries due to environmental changes, poverty, lack of nutritional diet, overcrowding poor ventilation and lack of awareness about the communicable nature of the disease. Puja Yadav | Fareeda Begum Sheikh | Madhava Diggavi "Role of Vatatapika Naimittika Rasayana as an Adjuvant Therapy in the Management of Rajayakshma Along with AKT w. s. r to Pulmonary Tuberculosis - A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51794.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/51794/role-of-vatatapika-naimittika-rasayana-as-an-adjuvant-therapy-in-the-management-of-rajayakshma-along-with-akt-w-s-r-to-pulmonary-tuberculosis--a-case-study/puja-yadav
Lifestyle Disease or NCD (non communicable diseases / diseases of civilization) are diseases that appear to increase in frequency as countries become industrialized and life span increases.
AYURVEDA FOR PREVENTION OF LIFE STYLE DISORDERS W.S.R. TO MADHUMEHA (DIABETES...Dr Madhumita Panigrahi
Life style disorders are diseases which are associated mainly with the way a person or group of people lives. The present day living conditions pose a diverse situation where on one hand the average life expectancy has increased whereas on the other; the state of health is facing a new question every day in the form of either a new type of disease or some unknown problem endangering the human life .With this lot of lifestyle diseases are coming up and diabetes mellitus is one of them. It is estimated that the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. DM is now a world threat and the perspective to visualize its management has shifted from holistic to drug oriented with the advent of time from ancient to modern. Therefore, till few years before the revival of the holistic inclusion, the lifestyle and diet were not being much focused upon its management. Ayurveda has great potential in preventing life style disorders. According to Ayurveda a healthy person is one who remains established in self along with equilibrium of Tridosha (three functional units in body i.e. Vata,Pitta,Kapha ).Dietetic factors, lifestyle as well as environmental factors affect the Tridosha. Disease is the result of disturbance in homeostasis of Tridosha. This study will deal in length about the role of Ayurveda at different levels i.e. primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention of lifestyle disorders with special reference to Madhumeha (DM).
India is known for its traditional medicinal systems—Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Medical systems are found mentioned even in the ancient Vedas and other scriptures. The Ayurvedic concept appeared and developed between 2500 and 500 BC in India Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.Alternative medicines are being used by about 60 percent of the world's population. These medicines are not only used by the rural masses for their primary health care in developing countries but are also used in developed countries where modern medicines dominate.India is the largest producer of medicinal plants. There are currently about 250,000 registered medical practitioners of the Ayurvedic system, as compared to about 700,000 of the modern medicine. In India, around 20,000 medicinal plants have been recorded; however, traditional practitioners use only 7,000–7,500 plants for curing different diseases. The proportion of use of plants in the different Indian systems of medicine is Ayurveda 2000, Siddha 1300, Unani 1000, Homeopathy 800, Tibetan 500, Modern 200, and folk 4500. In India, around 25,000 effective plant-based formulations are used in traditional and folk medicine. More than 1.5 million practitioners are using the traditional medicinal system for health care in India.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. AYURVEDIC TREATMENT OF
ALCOHOLIC DISORDERS
PRESENTOR: GUIDED BY:
Dr. PRABHAKAR MANU Dr. SUHAS KUMAR SHETTY
2ND YEAR PG SCHOLAR PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF MANO VIJYAN EVAM MANASA ROGA
3. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION TO MADYA AND MADATYAYA
• STANDARD ALCOHOL CONTENT
• PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL VS OJUS
• STAGES OF MADA
• SAMPRAPTHI
• STAGES OF MADATYAYA
• DHAVAMSAKA AND VIKSHAYA
• ON DOSHIC BACKGROUND
• SHORT AND LONG TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
• COMPLICATIONS OF MADATYAYA
• GENERAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3
4. CONTENTS……
• GENERAL LINE OF TREATMENT
• PRACTICAL APPROACH TO MADATYAYA
• SINGLE DRUGS – CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
• COMPOUND/CLASSICAL MEDICINES
• SATVAVAJYA CHIKITSA
• CASE STUDIES WITH STAGE WISE MANAGEMENT
• RECENT RESEARCH UPDATES
• DISCUSSION
• CONCULSION
4
5. INTRODUCTION TO ALCOHOL (madya)
• Madya is defined as ‘Madyatyanena Karaņe Yat Madya ’i.e.,
which does the action of Mada is called Madya.
• The term alcohol originally referred to the primary
alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the predominant alcohol
in alcoholic beverages. It is classed as a CNS Depressant.
5
6. INTRODUCTION TO ALCOHOLISM
(madatyaya)
मदेनात्ययो मदात्ययः
(अ.सं.नन.६ )
• Prevalence of Alcohol in India - 21.4%
Year : 2010 | Volume : 52 | Issue : 7 | Page : 189-199 Substance use and
addiction research in India National institute of mental health and
neurosciences, Bangalore
Pratima Murthy, N Manjunatha, BN Subodh, Prabhat Kumar Chand, Vivek Benegal
6
7. STANDARD ALCOHOL CONTENT
Beer 5–8%
Cider 4–8%
Wine 8–20%
Tequila 40%
Rum 40% or more
Brandy 40% or more
Gin 40–47%
Whiskey 40–50%
Vodka 40–50%
Liquors 15–60%
7
8. PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL VS OJUS
• Laghu -------------------------- Guru
• Ushna -------------------------- Sheeta
• Amla -------------------------- Madhura
• Teekshna -----------------------Mridu
• Ashu -------------------------- Prasad
• Rooksha-------------------------Snigdha
• Vyavayi --------------------------Sthira
• Vikasi -------------------------- Kshlashna
• Visada -------------------------- Picchila
8
10. S
STAGES OF
MADA
LAKSHANAS B.A.C
BEHAVIORAL
CORELATES
SROTAS INVOLVED
PRATHAMA Happiness, relaxed.
Promotes good sleep.
25-100 mg%
Excitement Buddhivaha
DWITEEYA Impaired Speech, vision
and thought process.
Inappropriate activities.
100-200mg% Excitement
Confusion
Manovaha
Buddhivaha
Cheshtavaha
TRITEEYA Lack of self control. 200-300mg% Slurred speech
Confusion
incordination
Sanjnavaha
(Smrithi)
chestavaha
CHATURTHA
(Vangasena)
Hypothermia
Dysarthria
Cold sweats
Unconsciousness
>300mg% Respiratory
distress.
Coma.
Death.
Sanjnavaha
Chetanavaha
11. Samprapti
Excessive alcohol(madya)
Tikshna, ushna, vidahi, By vyavayi, vikasi, sukshma guna
Makes annarasa utkledha Hrudaya is the sthana of
Ojas, satva, buddhi, indriya,mana
Antardaha, trishna, jvara
Pramoha,vibhrama, and mada
causes obstruction of vayu
pt. suffers from pain…… . MADATYAYA
11
12. SAMPRAPTI GHATAKA 12
DOSHA TRIDOSHAJA
DHATU RASADI DHATUS,
ESPECIALLY RASA,RAKTA
MANASIKA DOSHA RAJAS AND TAMAS
SROTAS MANOVAHA, RASADI SARVA SROTAS
SATVA AVARA
MULA STHANA HRIDAYA
14. s
TYPES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS CRITICAL ANALYSIS
PANAATYAYA • Sthambha, angamarda, hrudaya graha,
thodha, kampa, shiroruja- VATA
• Sweda, pralapa, mukhashosha, daha,
murcha- PITTA
• Vamathu, seeta, kapha praseka- KAPHA
• Presence of all symptoms -SANNIPATA
is considered to be samanya
madatyaya lakshanas ,differs
according dosa pradhnyatha.
PARA MADA Ushma, Angagurutha, virasanuntvam, Aruchi,
Malamutra sangam,Trushna and Shiroruja,
sandhibheda
Madya in vidahi avastha vitiates
the rasa dhatu, and rasa vaha
srotas.
PANAAJIRNA Adhmana, sour vomiting, daha- during
digestion – predominance of pitta.
Indigested madya, along with
vitiated pitta in amashaya without
parinama (alc. Ind. Gastritis)
PANAVIBHRAMA Hrudgatrathoda, chardi, jwara, murcha,
shiroruja, daha,
Dvesha- towards sura and food.
Hangover /withdrawal symptoms
Madya vitiates the rasa and raktha
dhatu and their srotas.
15. •When a person after quitting alcohol if
suddenly takes alcohol then
15
19. DOSHA NIDANA SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
VATAJA Indulges in sthri, shoka,bhaya
Heavy work, alcohol which is ruksha-
leads to impairment of sleep.
Hikka, shwasa, kampa, parsva
shula, prajagara, pralapa
PITTAJA Food intake which is tikshna, ushna,
having madya which is tikshna, amla.
Trushna, daha, jwara,
sweda,murcha, atisara, bhrama.
KAPHAJA Intake of madhura, sneha, guda, not
doing regular exercises, day sleep,
consumes alcohol not properly
fermented.
Chardhi, arochaka, hrillasa,
tandra, heaviness and chills.
SANNIPATA Mixed nidana of tridoshas, effect will
be as of visha, but not as powerful as
visha.
Mixed signs and symptoms, may
cause death or leads to disease.
19
20. Long term effects
Nervous system
Muscles
Lungs
Liver
Sexual organs
Brain
Heart
Stomach
20
25. SCREENING – CAGE QUESTIONAIRE
• Have you ever felt you needed to Cut down on your drinking?
• Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
• Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking?
• Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning
(Eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
29
27. TREATMENT-INTOXICATION
• If fit for Vamana - SADYO VAMANA
Yastimadhu Phanta, Saindhava Jala
• Santarpana- If unfit for Shodhana other symptoms
like anidra can also be managed symptomatically.
(Shamana Aushadhi like Kharjura
Draksha,Dadima, Sreekhandasava,Draksharista)
31
28. TREATMENT- WITHDRAWAL
• First line of Treatment –SANTARPANAJANYA CHIKITSA
• Deepana, Pachana, Abhayanga, Takradhara
• Dadima, kharjura, uses of anticraving, medhya and sedative
ayurvedic drugs, First Vamana then Virechana and at last
Basti…
• Satvavajaya chikitsa
32
29. TREATMENT - DEPENDENCE
• First line of Treatment – USES OF ANTI CRAVING AND SEDATIVE DRUGS
• Deepana, Pachana , Takradhara, Abhayanga, Panchakarma……..
• Psychotherapy- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
• Motivational Counselling
• Group Counselling
• Bhayadarshana about the disease……………
33
30. Practical approach of
Management
• Shamana - Symptomatic and emergency management
• Shodhana - Purification and detoxification
• Adravya Chikitsa - Non Pharmacological
Manonigrahana- De addiction
Apunarbhava - Relapse prevention
34
32. BRAHMI ASHWAGANDHA
CNS relaxant
Decreased GABA receptor [ANTI
CRAVING]- effect of Bacopa monnieri and
Bacoside-A-
• Useful in alcohol induced & aspirin induced ulcers (J Exp
Bio, 2001, Feb, 39(2), 137-42)
• Jobin Mathew,1 Savitha Balakrishnan,2 Sherin Antony,2 Pretty
Mary Abraham,2 and CS Paulose2 J Biomed Sci. 2012; 19(1): 25.
Published online 2012 February 24. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-
19-25
Anxiolytic-antidepressant –
glycowithanolides
Anti craving
Leaf – Hepato protective (As effective as
hydrocortisone)
Root – Anti stress activity (Phytother Res
2003, 531-6) (AHP) (NMCD)
• Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Sairam K, Ghosal S.Source-Department
of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India. salil@banaras.ernet.in Phytomedicine. 2000
Dec;7(6):463-9.
36
33. JATAMAMSI SHANKAPUSHPI
Dry rhizomes – Insomnia,
disturbed mental state (API)
Decreases serotonin level
Jatamansone – hyperactivity,
restlessness, aggressive almost at
par with D - amphetimine
Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-
depressant
Pharm Biol. 2011 Dec;49(12):1234-42. Epub 2011 Aug
16.Malik J, Karan M, Vasisht K.Source-Department of
Herbal Drug Research, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga,
Punjab, India.
37
43. Case - 1
• Pt.name: XYZ Age-35 yrs. Sex: male. OP-001724
Presenting complaints:
Pt. was brought by his friends with c/o generalized body
ache, pain in the sides of chest, tremors, severe thirst,
sweating with burning sensation, irrelevant talk.
History of present illness:-
k/c/o of alcoholic since 1 year. pt. had consumed around
300-400ml of alcohol with out taking food since from 4 days.
47
44. Systemic examination:
CNS: Conscious., partially oriented
Vitals: BP: 118/70mmhg, PR: 88/min.
A- reduced B- irregular M- mild burning sensation
S- disturbed
Diagnosis: PANATYAYA (Vatapitta pradhana)
Treatment given:
1. Ashwasana
2. Shirodhara with Brahmi taila
3. Kharjuradi mantha 100ml bd 2days.
4. Mrudvikadi kashaya 20ml tid
5. Ksheera pathya
Result :
Body ache, pain in the sides of chest, tremors- reduced
Thirst, sweating ,burning sensation, irrelevant talk- relived
48
45. Case-2
Pt. name: abc Age: 26yrs sex: male OP-001715
Presenting complaints:
Pt. was brought by his father c/o distension of abdomen, nausea,
vomiting, burning sensation
H/o of present illness:
pt. is k/c/o alcoholic since from 5yrs, last intake - on same day
around 250ml
O/E: physical injuries+
CNS: partially disoriented, clouding of consciousness
49
46. Vitals: BP: 110/70mmhg, PR: 80/min.
A- reduced B- irregular M-normal S- disturbed
Diagnosis: PANAAJIRNA(kapha pitta pradhana)
Treatment given:-
Sadyo vamana: with Milk+ Yastimadhu phanta
Pt. got 5 vegas. Samsarjana karma advised
Pt. was comfortable; distension of abdomen, nausea, vomiting,
burning sensation relived.
50
47. Case 3
Pt. name: xyz Age: 36yrs sex: male OP- 031981
Presenting complaints:
pt. came with c/o chest pain, nausea, headache, giddiness, aversion
to food and alcohol
H/O of present illness:
pt. is known case of alcoholic since from 6yrs, last intake of alcohol-
1day back around 350ml.
S/E: CNS: clouded consciousness, oriented
51
48. Vitals : BP 130/80mmhg ,
A-reduced B-not passed from 2days M-normal S-disturbed
Diagnosis: Panavibhrama.
Treatment given:
• Sreekandasava 20ml tid
• Kharjuradi mantha 100ml tid
• Panchakola phanta 50ml tid 2days
• Ksheera pathya
Results:
Headache, Giddiness, aversion towards food- relived.
Appetite increased.
52
53. Madhutriphala and gudardraka yoga which is used for seven
days is clinically significant in subsiding withdrawal
symptoms of alcohol.
57
54. • Dr. Niranjan L. Hegde in 2012 done clinical study on role of
Satwavajaya chikitsa and Guduchyadi yoga in management of
Madatyayaja Yakrit Vikaras, PG dissertation. The study shows
Satvavajaya chikitsa and Guduchyadi Yoga combined group is better
than Guduchyadi Yoga group and Guduchyadi Yoga group is better
than Satvavajaya chikitsa with placebo group.
• Dr. Unnikrishnan in 2013 done a clinical study on efficacy Sumukti an
indigenous compound on madaatyaya w.s.r. alcoholic dependence.
Clinically significant result was found in both subjective and objective
parameters. It is was used for a duration of three months was found be
clinically significant in management of alcoholic dependency.
58
55. • Dr. Ashok J -Efficacy of Mridveekadi Kashaya in the management of
madaatyaya w.s.r. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Study shows
Mridveekadi Kashaya significant results on mild to moderate alcohol
withdrawal by 3rd to 4th day along with improved liver functions.
• Ongoing Clinical study on the efficacy of patoladi gana kashaya in the
management of madaatyaya janya yakrithvikara (alcoholic liver
disease) by Dr. Sushruth kumar jain.
59
56. Discussion
• Alcohol abuse leads to different conditions of Alcohol
related disorder, but the timely interventions on the
causative factors of abuse can prevent person from
abusing.
• During stages of MADA, person will not come for
treatment, if he brought, we are treating on the basis of
dosha.
57. • Intoxication is transient condition following the administration
of psycho active substances. it may be taken as Panatyaya,
Paramada, Panajeerna or Panavibhrama.
• Withdrawal is characterized by a cluster of symptoms often
specific to the drug used, which develop on total or partial
withdrawal of drug usually after repeated use of drug. Mostly it
is vata pradhana - samanya madatyaya lakshanas are seen and
management is accordingly.
• Dependence is a Cluster of psychological, behavioral, and
cognitive phenomena in which there is a desire, which is often
strong to take the psycho active substance on a continuous or
periodic basis.
58. • Once the stage of madatyaya is diagnosed and managed on
the basis of dosha, next aim of treatment is Shodhana,
Manonigraha and Apunarbhava.
• Usually Snehapana followed by Vamana/ Virechana is
done and Shamanoushadhi which is Medhya and
Anticraving are advised.
59. Conclusion
• Pharmacological treatments plays a major role in stage wise
management of madatyaya, but Non pharmacological treatment
like counselling, motivation and family therapy has greater role in
supportive measures and relapse prevention and for better
treatment outcomes.
• Decide Shodhana & Shamana based on Bala
• Motivation is the key factor +
• Family support & follow up at primary level is important
• Wide range of potent Hepatoprotective drugs +++
• Prevention is better than cure
63
The substance causing ‘Mada’ produces disturbances of intellect faculty by its virtue of Tamoguna is called Madya. The properties of Madya can be compared to Visha
Word Madatyaya is composed of two terms i.e. Mada - any exhilarating or intoxicating condition. Atyaya – suffering. Hence suffering from intoxicating drink is known as Madatyaya.
Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream via small blood vessels in the walls of the stomach and small intestine. Within minutes of drinking alcohol, it travels from the stomach to the brain, where it quickly produces its effects, slowing the action of nerve cells.
Approximately 20% of alcohol is absorbed through the stomach. Most of the remaining 80% is absorbed through the small intestine.
Alcohol is also carried by the bloodstream to the liver, which eliminates the alcohol from the blood through a process called “metabolizing,” where it is converted to a nontoxic substance. The liver can only metabolize a certain amount at a time, leaving the excess circulating throughout the body. Thus the intensity of the effect on the body is directly related to the amount consumed.
When the amount of alcohol in the blood exceeds a certain level, the respiratory (breathing) system slows down markedly, and can cause a coma or death, because oxygen no longer reaches the brain.
To calculate BAC level
Qualities of OJUS VS MADYA table
If continued to drink for longer duration he will land up in the stage of madatyaya.., Mada turns into madatyaya condition
Intake of excessive alcohol which is Tikshņa, Ushņa, Amla and Vidahi makes the Annarasa Utkleda and will be digested improperly which ultimately turns Kshara and causes Antardaha (burning sensation in the interior of the body), Jvara (fever), Trishņa (morbid thirst), Pramoha (loss of orientation), Vibhrama (completely deranged mental faculty) and Mada (intoxication). The Dosha incited by alcohol causes obstruction to the movement of Vayu in the Srotas (channels of circulation) because of which the patient suffers from excruciating pain in the head, bones and joints.
Exclusively mentioned by acharya susrutha,
Since both these ailments appear in an emaciated and weak person, their treatment is done on the line suggested for the treatment of Vatika type of Madatyaya.
Basti (medicated enema), Sarpis (medicated ghee), milk, ghee, massage, unction, bath, food and drinks which cause alleviation of Vata Dosha.
Intake of alcohol in appropriate manner will not give rise to disease caused by [excessive intake of] alcohol. [190-205]
All the signs and symptoms manifested in Madatyaya are as followed:Sharira dukha – Excruciating pain in the body, Sam moha – Unconsciousness, Hrdi vyatha – pain in the cardiac region, Aruchi – anorexia and Pratata trshna – incessant thirstShita ushna jvara – Fever having the characteristics of cold and heatShirah, pārśvāsthi sandhīnāṃ vidyuttulyā ca vedanā – Lightening pain in the head, sides of the chest, bones and joints,Ati jrmbha – severe yawning, Sphuranam – throbbing, Vepanam – twitching, Shrama – FatigueUro vibandha – obstruction in the chest,Kasa – coughing, Hikka – hiccup, Shvasa – AsthmaPrajagaran – insomnia and Sharira kampa – trembling of the body, Karna akshi mukha roga – Diseases of the ears, eyes and mouth, Trika graha – Stiffness of the Trika (sacro- iliac joint), Chardi – Vomiting,Atisara – diarrhoea and Vata, pitta , kapha hrllasa – Nausea caused by Vata, Pitta and Kapha, Bhrama – Giddiness, Pralapa – delirium and Rupanam cha mastanam cha darshana – Visualisation of non- existing objects, tṛṇa bhasma latā parṇa pāṃśubhiścāvapūraṇam – Feeling as if the body is covered with grass, ash, creepers, leaves and dust and dashing of birds over the body because of bewilderment andpradharṣaṇaṃ vihaṅgaiśca bhrāntacetāḥ sa manyate – Dreaming of terrifying and inauspicious objects [101- 106]
Doshic stages of madatyaya, if these persons are prone for such nidanas, then they will these doshic symptoms.
Chronic use of alcohol can lead to long term effects on the body. As synapses and transmitters are affected in the nervous system, loss of sensation in hands and feet occur.
The muscles of the body become weak, and lungs have a greater chance for infection as the immune system becomes less responsive.
The liver receives blood directly from the intestines, which is the major site for absorption of alcohol. The liver breaks down the alcohol; however, the products that are produced during this process are toxic to the liver. This can cause liver damage in the form of inflammation or cirrhosis (scarring of the liver).(5,6)
Although sexual desire is enhanced, impotence could be a long term result with the use of alcohol.
Alcohol affects all parts of the brain and can result in brain cell damage. Loss of memory occurs with impairment of the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain responsible for storing new memories. Damage to the cerebral cortex will lead to lack of coordination while damage to the cerebellum will affect mood. Finally, damage to the brain stem may result in lack of normal body functions and regulations, such as breathing, heart rate and body temperature.
Long term affects of heavy drinking may interfere with the mitochondria of the heart cells. These are the energy producing organelles and without proper energy, the heart does not function as normal. Hypertension is also a problem for the chronic drinker and could possibly lead to a stroke.
The esophagus normally contracts and relaxes allowing food to move to the stomach. Alcohol inhibits this contraction which allows stomach acids to move into the esophagus causing irritation. It might also be a factor in gastritis. Scientist are currently undergoing studies to determine if alcohol or bacteria are the major cause of ulcers in alcoholics.(5,6)
All the types of Madatyaya are caused by the vitiation of all the 3 Doshas in the beginning, treatment is made of the most predominant Dosha. If all the Doshas are equally aggravated, the treatment is started from the location of Kapha, followed by that of Pitta, and lastly that of Vata.The ailments caused by the drinking of alcohol in wrongful manner or in excess quantity or in less quantity can be cured by taking the same alcohol in appropriate manner and quantity.
After the morbidity caused by the immaturity of the digestion and metabolism of alcohol is overcome by its proper digestion and metabolism, when the patient desire to have food and drinks, and when there is a feeling of lightness of the body, he is given alcohol which is cooling in effect, which is added with Bida and Saindhava types of salt, and which is diluted with the juice of Matulunga – Lemon variety – Citrus decumana / Citrus lemon and water by a physician well versed with posology i.e appropriate quantity. [107- 111]
mentioned effective therapeutic measures cure alcoholism. If not, then the physician should give up therapies comprising alcohol, and administer milk for its treatment. After the diseases are cured by the administration of milk, and after the patient has gained strength, the milk is gradually withdrawn, and alcohol is substituted in its place little by little. [195- 196]
Anuloma – Triphala, Draksha
Yakrit Uttejaka – Bringaraja, Guduchi, Kirtatikta
Medhya Rasayana – Mandokaparni, Yastimadhu, Ashwagandha
HERBADICT- ANTI CRAVING EFFECT- BOTH ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE
This is stage wise management, after this will give agnideepana, pachana, snehapana and shodhana. Madya in madatyaya i.e amla rasa of madya converts Ksharatva (annarasa) in the abdomen into madhura rasa, reduces symptoms.
Hang over/ withdrawal symptoms
If a person is indulging in alcohol, out of curiosity, peer pressure, failures, etc.. during that time if the family, others supports the person we can prevent him from alcoholism.