Jean Piaget created four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The preoperational stage, which occurs from ages 2 to 7, is characterized by egocentric thought and an inability to think logically. Piaget developed experiments to observe characteristics of preoperational thinking in children like conservation, centration, irreversible thinking, and focus on appearances. These experiments aimed to test a child's understanding of concepts like object permanence, perspectives other than their own, and whether transformations change quantity.

1. Jean Piaget Stages Of Development Essay
Jean Piaget В· He was famous for working out a universal sequence of stages of cognitive development В· Notable for his idea that children (and
adults) are continually generating theories about the external world В· He set out stages for when certain new aspects of generating theories; 1.
Sensorimotor stage: which occurs from birth to age two (Children experience through their senses) 2. Preoperational stage: which occurs from ages
two to seven (motor skills are acquired) 3. Concrete operational stage: which occurs from ages seven to eleven (children think logically about concrete
events) 4. Formal Operational...show more content...
В· Towards the end of the second year, a qualitatively quite new kind of psychological functioning occurs. Concrete Operational stage В· This stage is
characterized by the appropriate use of logic. Important processes during this stage are: –Decentering – where the child takes into account multiple
aspects of a problem to solve it –Reversibility – where the child understands that numbers or objects can be change, then returned to their original state
–Conservation – understanding that quantity, length or number of items is unrelated to the arrangement or appearance of the object or items
–Serialisation – the ability to arrange objects in an order according to size, shape, or any other characteristic –Classification – The ability to name and
identify sets of objects according to appearance, size or other characteristic. –Delimitation of Egocentrism – The ability to view things from anothers'
perspective (even if they think incorrectly). Formal Operational stage В· This stage commences at around 12 and commences into adulthood В· During
this stage, the young adult functions in a cognitively normal manner and therefore is able to understand such things as
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2. Jean Piaget Biography
On August 9 1869, Jean Piaget was born in NeГ»chate, Switzerland to Rebecca Jackson and Arthur Piaget who was a professor of Medieval
Literature at the University of NeГ»chate.Piaget was the oldest son. Piaget develops an interest in biology and the natural world. He then received a
Doctorate in1918 from the University of NeГ»chate. Jean Piaget also undertook Post–doctoral training in Zurich in 1918 to 1919 and Paris 1919–1921.
Piaget married is beautiful wife Valentine Chanatey in 1923, they have 3 children who Piaget from infancy. He was also professor of sociology,
Philosophy and psychology of science at the University of Neuchate from 1925 to 1929. Piaget also accepted the post of Director of the international
Bureau of Education in 1929. Piaget was awarded the Baizan for Social and Political Science in 1979, he then died in 1980 an was buried in an
unmarked grave with his family in...show more content...
Jean Piaget was interested in how an organism adapt to its environment. And Individual behavior is controlled through mental organization called
Schema or Schemata. As indicated by Jean Piaget, the thought of a child are build through a various number of channels, which are listening,
experiencing, reading and exploring the environment and the place they grow up in. His work as been classified has constrictive and interacting. The
cognitive theory by Jean Piaget is one of the most admirable additions to the Child Psychology. As Jean Piaget stated children think and reason
distinctively throughout various stage in their lives. Piaget understand that everyone boy or a girl, go through invariant arrangement. This arrangement
is include for stages which are isolated in the life of the person. Piaget stated that all children will go through these stages, yet the age at which they
pass or enter these stages is as yet a variable. They are four cognitive stages of development and they
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3. Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget created a framework of cognitive development in a series of four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal
operational. According to Piaget, the outcome of learning depends on what cognitive developmental stage the learner is in. For example, you would
not give a calculus problem to a two to seven year old child because they have not yet entered the stage of formal operation, or abstract, logical thinking.
A child must be presented with an environment that suits their thought. Piaget's first stage, sensorimotor, is from birth to the age of two. In this stage,
the child comprehends the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical movements. The focus is put on reflexes instead of cognition due
to the fact that in this stage children have not yet began to enter symbolic thought. This is a stage of experimentation and exploration. The parents
should allow their child to play with toys that make sounds in order to get them to understand cause–and–effect relationships. One example is playing
Peek–a–Boo,...show more content...
The child begins to represent the world with words and images, this reflects an increase in symbolic thinking. There are two reasonings in this stage:
syncretic and intuitive. The former being a break in logic and the latter being guessing. This stage is characterized with increased creativity and role
play. Parents should encourage playing make–believe characters to express symbolic cognition. Additionally, the child is egocentric in their world
view. To discourage this, the parent should get the child to mentally place themselves in someone else's position. Children in this stage also have a
lack of knowledge in conservation. They think that if you pour the same amount of liquid from a small cup to a big cup, the big cup has more. In order
to help with this the parent should introduce objects that change shape such as playdoh and
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4. Jean Piaget Essay
Jean Piaget Introduction
Now known as one of the trailblazers of developmental psychology, Jean Piaget initially worked in a wide range of fields. Early in his career Piaget
studied the human biological processes. These processes intrigued Piaget so much that he began to study the realm of human knowledge. From this
study he was determined to uncover the secrets of cognitive growth in humans. Jean Piaget's research on the growth of the human mind eventually lead
to the formation of the cognitive development theory which consists of three main components: schemes, assimilation and accommodation, and the
stage model. The theory is best known for Piaget's construction of the discontinuous stage model which was based on his study...show more content...
Another big moment came in the from of a book. Piaget names Henry Bergson's L'Evolution Creatrice as the most influential piece of writing he
has ever read in his adult life. From this book Piaget developed a desire for biology to go along with his existing interest in philosophy, epistemology
to be exact. Piaget stated in his first two books that he had ambitions of constructing a structure that addressed the basic questions of epistemology.
However, Piaget's strong initial interest in philosophy declined somewhat when he discovered that the philosophers did not really know any factual
answers to questions that have plagued humanity. Piaget now became equally interested in biology and epistemology. This dual interest attracted him
to psychology, yet he still was unsure of what direction he should take in his career. It was not until Piaget traveled to Paris to hear his favorite writer
of the time, Bergson, that he began to get an idea of what he wanted to do. There Piaget met James M. Baldwin who would motivate him and teach
him the importance of imitation and of reversible operations. Both of these qualities would play a key role in the formation of Piaget's development
theory. However, Piaget's major turning point came when the co–worker of the late Alfred Binet, Dr. Simon, requested that he
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5. jean piaget
Jean Piaget Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s, where his job was to develop French versions of questions on
English intelligence tests. He became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their wrong answers on the questions that required logical thinking.
He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important differences between the thinking of adults and children. Piaget (1936) was the first
psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a theory of cognitive child development, detailed
observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. Before Piaget's work,
...show more content...
He used the following research methods: Naturalistic observation: Piaget made careful, detailed observations of children. These were mainly his own
children and the children of friends. From these he wrote diary descriptions charting their development. Clinical interviews and observations of older
children who were able to understand questions and hold conversations. Piaget believed that children think differently than adults and stated they go
through 4 universal stages of cognitive development. Development is therefore biologically based and changes as the child matures. Cognition
therefore develops in all children in the same sequence of stages. Each child goes through the stages in the same order, and no stage can be missed out
– although some individuals may never attain the later stages. There are individual differences in the rate at which children progress through stages.
Piaget (1952) believed that these stages are universal – i.e. that the same sequence of development occurs in children all over the world, whatever their
culture. Stage of Development Key Feature Research Study Sensorimotor 0 – 2 yrs. Object Permanence Blanket & Ball Study Preoperational 2 – 7 yrs.
Egocentrism Three Mountains Concrete Operational 7 – 11 yrs. Conservation Conservation of Number Formal Operational 11yrs + Manipulate ideas in
head, e.g. Abstract Reasoning Pendulum Task Educational Implications Piaget
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6. Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget was a theorist who studied child development; one of the many aspects of early childhood Piaget studied was preoperational thinking.
Preoperational thinking usually occurs from ages 2 through 7 according to Piaget. It's when a child is not able to think logically and perform activities
that require logic. In other words, a child is not yet ready at this stage, to reason many situations. Piaget created many experiments that could help
educators observe and detect the stages and levels of thinking of different children. For this observation, I focused on four aspects of preoperational
thinking; conservation, centration, irreversible thinking, and focus on appearance. Piaget developed a set of tests for children that if failed,...show more
content...
The next experiment covers the concept of centration. Centration is also referred to as egocentrism. This concept is literally being egocentric. A
child at this stage only understands their own perception and point of view of things. "Centration is the tendency to focus on one aspect of the
situation to the exclusion of others." (Berger, 2009, p. 250) In this experiment I placed a doll facing Breanna and I, and a block behind the doll. I
asked Breanna what it was that she saw placed on the table, and she answered " A doll and a block", then I asked her, "Can the doll see the block?"
Breanna said, "No, she cant see the block because she's facing us. She needs to turn around if she wants to look at the block." Breanna is past the stage
of being egocentric. As she gets older, she is able to understand different point of views. Understanding conservation means understanding that the
amount of a substance is conserved even if its shape changes. Piaget said children began to understand this around age 6 and 7. "According to Piaget,
until children grasp the concept of conservation at about age 6 or 7, they cannot understand that the transformations shown here do not change the total
amount.." (Berger, 2009, p. 251) This next experiment is done to demonstrate understanding or lack of
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