The document provides information about Japanese gardens and their cultural and historical influences. It discusses how Japanese gardens were originally created as religious representations of Buddhist and Shinto beliefs and incorporated influences from the tea ceremony tradition. Key features of Japanese gardens like lanterns, stepping stones, and arched bridges became intrinsic elements of garden design. The document also provides background information on cherry blossoms, their symbolic meaning in Japanese culture, and the hanami tradition of flower viewing.

1. SITE ANALYSIS
JAPANESE GARDEN IN ABDON
LANDSCAPE LECTURE / ARCHI. DANIA ABDEL-AZIZ
DONE BY:
Ala‘a Aldaamsa
Ala‘a Diknash
Batool Alkheder
Maha Ayed
Najdat Hazaimh
Nouf Alkhraisha

2. 2
General information and culture

3. ➢ The Japanese name for Japan is
“Nihon” or “Nippon” which
means “sun origin”.
➢ Japanese is the official language
of Japan.
➢ Japan belongs to the continent of
Asia. Japan is an island nation
surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the
East and the Pacific Ocean to the
West.
➢ Japan is made up of 6,852 islands.
➢ The highest point in Japan in Mount
Fuji, which stands at 3,776m
➢ As of July 2012, there are over 127
million people living in Japan
(127,368,088), which is the tenth largest
population in the world.
➢ Tokyo is the capital city of Japan and
also the largest city. Other major cities
include Osaka, Nagoya, and Sapporo.
➢ Japan sits along the “Pacific Ring of
Fire”, so has many volcanoes and
experiences many earthquakes. In
2011, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0
hit Japan and created a tsunami which
resulted in much devastation.
➢ Almost three quarters of Japan's land is
either forest or mountains and is difficult
to be made into farms, industrial or
residential areas.
➢ Human life in Japan dates back
thousands of years.
Ancient warriors of
Japan were known as
Samurai. They were
very skilled fighters and
swordsmen. Their main
weapon was the
Katana, a sharp sword
with a slight curve to it.
➢ Due to gases produced by power
plants, Japan sometimes suffers from
acid rain.
➢ Japan is an industrialized nation,
producing some of the most
technologically advanced motor
vehicles, electronics, and machine
tools.
➢ Japan is a world leader in robotics.
Japanese engineers are known for
producing a range of human-like
robots such as ASIMO.
Some of the most
well-known
companies in the
world are Japanese
such as Toyota,
Honda, Sony,
Nintendo, Canon,
Panasonic, Toshiba,
and Sharp.
Japanese cuisine has
become popular
around the world.
Some well-known
dishes are sushi,
sashimi and tempura.
➢ Japan is home to many
different forms of martial
arts. Karate, Judo, Sumo,
Ninjutsu, Kendo, Jujutsu,
and Aikido to name a
few.
➢ Sumo is recognized as the national sport of
Japan, although the most popular
spectator sport is baseball.
➢ Japan hosted the 1964 Summer Olympic
games in Tokyo and will again in 2020. They
also hosted the 1972 and 1998 Winter
Olympic Games in Sapporo and Nagano,
respectively.
➢ Japanese Garden in
Portland expansion
scheme
➢ Designed by
Japanese architect
Kengo Kuma
➢ Goal ….. Cultural
Village // Provide a
place to
accommodate the
growing number of
visitors
➢ The design of Coma
Japanese tradition
for "Almunzinmache"
or "front gates
towns“
➢ A non-profit project
completely
Portland Japanese Garden
General information (Japan)
3

4. Japan has a fascinating and multifaceted culture;
on the one hand it is steeped in the deepest of
traditions dating back thousands of years; on the
other it is a society in a continual state of rapid
flux, with continually shifting fads and fashions and
technological development that constantly
pushes back the boundaries of the possible. This is
part of what makes it such a fascinating country to
visit. If you are looking for something different you
are sure to find it here!
the Japanese people than this popular
myth. Today's vision of Japanese
society includes minority groups that
historically have been sidelined, such as the Ainu of
Hokkaido and the Ryukyuans of Okinawa, as well as
Koreans, Chinese, Brazilians and many more
Japanese Culture
People
There are many social
conventions in Japan that
westerners might find hard to
understand, but that is the
nature of different
Social conventions
Religion
Japanese Religion
For centuries Japan
has operated with
a syncretic belief
Japan is famous for
its supposed ethnic
and social
homogeneity, but
there is much more
to the story of
system: Shinto and Buddhist rituals coexisting
side-by-side with increasing influence from other
religions. This is why they say that in Japan,
people are born Shinto, get married
Christian and die Buddhist.
cultures and is part of the fun of being in a country like
Japan
Traditional sports
Food
Green Tea
➢ Japanese is the official and primary language of Japan
➢ Japan has preserved its independence and culture
while it was isolated for so many years. Today Japan is
a society that cherishes its ancient cultural traditions
but at the same time is a highly modern industrialized
nation. On one hand, traditional values in education,
family honor and ancestry worship are still very present
in people’s lives today. On the other hand,
urbanization and industrialization have deeply
changed present society.
➢ Japanese values have also changed as generations
are born and raised in the city rather than brought up
in the villages.
4

5. ➢ Garden architecture is as important as
building architecture and very much influenced
by the same historical and religious
background. Although today, ink monochrome
painting still is the art form, most closely
associated with Zen Buddhism. A primary
design principle of a garden is the creation of
the landscape based on, or at least greatly
influenced by, the three-dimensional
monochrome ink (sumi) landscape
painting, sumi-e or suibokuga.
➢ Above all, Japanese gardens demonstrate
the Buddhist influences that were brought into
Japan in 612; Ono-no-Imoko, an emissary from
Japan, visited China and was able to absorb
enough of the Buddhist way of life to recreate it
once he returned home. At this time, gardens in
Japan were solely created as religious
representations of various beliefs - which
established a comfortable common ground
with the Chinese Buddhists.
➢ It has always been firmly believed that the
two religions, Shinto and Buddhism, are able to
coexist in harmony; rather than separate each
other the two religious intertwine. This fusion of
religion has been widely demonstrated in
Japanese culture; reflected within the
foundational design of Japanese gardens.
sakura
Further influences infused Japan in 1192 with the
arrival of Eisai, a Buddhist monk from China. Eisai
introduced the "Chan", or "Zen" way of teaching to
Japan as well as the tea ceremony - a ritual based
on the preparation and presentation of a
powdered green tea (matcha).
Between 1333 and 1573, Zen monks promoted the
tea ceremony to such an extent that the ritual was
sewn into the cultural fabric of Japan, and has
remained intricately fundamental to Japanese
culture ever since. Before long, chaniwa gardens
(those specifically designed for tea ceremonies)
began to thrive throughout the Japanese
landscape, giving a weighty indication of just how
highly regarded the ceremonies became.
Nonetheless, the tea ceremony's most significant
impact on Japanese garden design came
between 1568 and 1600 (known as the Azuchi-
Momoyama period) in which tea ceremony
pavilions began to feature prominently as popular
garden characteristics; lanterns, stepping stones
and arched bridges were increasingly fashionable
in these new gardens, which today are considered
the iconic objects of Japanese gardens.
As a result, these features became intrinsic to
Japanese garden design- and thus the religious
significance that once accompanied the creation
of Japanese gardens was forfeited to
accommodate those who wished to use them for
alternatives pastimes, or merely to enjoy a
meditative environment.
The tea ceremonyGarden
5

6. ➢ The cherry blossom usually begins to bloom in
Okinawa in around January/February, passes
through the middle of Japan in March and April,
and finishes with a late bloom in northern Hokkaido
in May. In areas of high altitude, the blossom
also arrives rather later than in low-altitude regions.
➢ Tokyo usually sees its first blossoms in the dying
days of March, with full bloom falling around April
5. Kyoto follows a day or two later, while the
mountainous areas around Takayama and
Matsumoto bloom about two weeks later -
beginning in mid-April.
➢ For a more accurate idea of where and when
the cherry blossom will be blooming this year, take
a look at our wonderful new sakura in fographic
. Slide the slider and you'll see the cherry blossom
front as it moves from south to north
If you are lucky enough
to be in Japan during
cherry blossom season, it
is de rigueur to head out
into the local parks and
gardens, bring a
selection of picnic food
and drinks and join the
locals for a hanami -
or"flower-viewing". It is
during this period that
the Japanese are at
their most relaxed, and
all public places take on
a party-like atmosphere.
Hanami
Sakura products
Zen
The tradition of hanami
has a history stretching
back over many centuries,
thought to have begun
during the Nara Period
(710-794), so by getting
involved you will be joining
in one of Japan's best-
loved and most time-
honoured rituals.
History
Our top ten hanami spots
Hanami can be conducted in the daytime sun or in
the evening. Both are lovely, but we particularly
enjoy the blossoms at dusk when lanterns hang in
the trees, turning the canopy a glowing pink. You
might also be lucky enough to spot a geisha or two
entertaining clients under the trees!
In ancient Japan, cherry blossom had great
importance because it announced the rice-planting
season and was used to divine the year's harvest. Its
fleeting beauty, moreover, was celebrated as a
metaphor for life itself - and it was praised in numerous
poems of the era.
Such was its significance that the Japanese believed
the sakura trees contained spirits, and made offerings
to them with rice wine. This grew into the tradition of
the hanami party - a celebration of feasting, drinking
and making merry that is thought to have begun in
the Imperial court of Emperor Saga and gradually
filtered down through the samurai classes to become
a tradition beloved by all echelons of society.
https://www.insidejapantours.com/japan-
small-group-tours/
6
Dates

7. Historical Timeline of AMMAN
Historic table
➢ Amman was named after the Ammonites who originally ruled the area.
➢ n 1200 BC, Amman was an urban settlement. After that, the area lived through a series of occupations beginning with the
Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans and ending with Muslims.
➢ In the mid 19th century, and under the rule of the Ottomans, Circassian tribes escaping religious prosecution from Russia settled
on the ancient site of Amman around the seasonal stream that flows in an east to west direction, as their livelihood depended
on cultivation and farming on both sides of the stream.
➢ The next major development came with the construction of the Hijaz Railway in 1902
➢ The Railway linked Amman directly with Damascus in the north and Medina in the south.
➢ The first Municipal Council of Amman was established in 1907, at which time the settlement consisted of little more than 300
small families.
➢ In 1921, Prince Abdullah declared Amman the capital of the new state of Trans-Jordan and from then onwards, the city
became the administrative and economic hub of the country.
➢ The development of the city was parallel to the political development of the country. Amman in its development as a city
reflects various political events, attracting migrants from all over the Middle East region. Other religious and ethnic minorities,
such as the Kurds and Armenians also settled in the city of Amman
7

8. ➢ Amman is considered one of the most liberal and westernized cities in the Arab world. The city has become one of the most
popular destinations for Western expatriates and college students who seek to live, study, or work in the Middle East or the
Arab world in general. The city's culinary scene has changed from its shawerma stands and falafel joints to embrace many popular western
restaurants and fast-food outlets such as Asian fusion restaurants, French bistros and Italian trattorias. The city has become famous for its fine
dining scene among Western expatriates and Persian Gulf tourists
➢ Danielle Pergament of The New York Times described Ammani cuisine as a product of several cuisines in the region, writing that it combines
"the bright vegetables from Lebanon, crunchy falafels from Syria, juicy kebabs from Egypt and, most recently, spicy meat dishes from Jordan's
neighbor, Iraq. It's known as the food of the Levant — an ancient word for the area bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian
peninsula. But the food here isn't just the sum of its calories. In this politically, religiously and ethnically fraught corner of the world, it is a symbol
of bloodlines and identity." However, the city's streetfood scene makes the Ammani cuisine distinctive
Culture and society
✓ The first radio station to originate in the city was Hunna Amman in 1959
✓ Most Jordanian newspapers and news stations are situated in Amman
✓ Local Ammani bands along with other bands in the Middle East gather in the Roman Theatre during the Al-Balad Music Festival
held annually in August. Music genres of the local bands are diverse, ranging from heavy metal to Arabic rock, jazz and rap.
✓ Many events take place in Amman, including Redbull sponsored events, soundclash and soapbox race, the second part of
Jerash Festival, Al-Balad Music Festival, Amman Marathon, Made in Jordan Festival, Amman Book Festival and New Think Festival
8

9. Amman
➢ Today, Amman is
considered to be
among the most liberal
and westernized Arab
cities. It is a major tourist
destination in the region,
particularly among Arab
and European tourists
➢ Area 1,680 km2
➢ Population 4,007,526
Zahran
➢ Zahran is the 8th district in the Amman
Governorate out of the 27 districts,
named after Zahran Palace which
stands amidst Zahran street. It consists of
5 neighborhoods of which most parts are
residential, however, some parts of the
district contain Amman's best hotels,
hospitals and towers.
➢ The district is also home to several
governmental buildings, embassies,
cultural centers and schools. Zahran
district stretches from 1st circle to
between 5th and 6th circles, and from
North Abdoun to South Abdoun
➢ Area 13.8 KM2
➢ Population 107,529
Abdoun
Abdoun is one of Amman's centers
for nightlife. There are several mostly
high-end nightclubs located in
Abdoun which are frequented by
both local residents of Amman and
tourists alike. Abdoun Circle is surround
ded by numerous restaurants, cafés and stalls, and is
a popular spot among Amman's youth. Abdoun
Mall, the first mall to open in Amman at the time of
its opening, is also located in the district.
➢ Abdoun is a residential area of Amman,
Jordan. Abdoun is considered by many to
be the most affluent district of the city,
and is located towards the south of the
city. Some of Jordan's most expensive real
estate is located in the district.
Our Site
➢ Zahran
➢ Abdoun neighborhood south
➢ area against the Syrian Embassy and near the
Saudi embassy
➢ Village 62 (‫القربة‬)
➢ The Basin 15 (‫الحوض‬)
➢ And a piece in 1339 (‫القطعه‬)
➢ Opening date 20/7/2010 ‫ــــــــــــ‬ 8 August 1431
➢ Design By Japanese expert Mr. Yoshiyuki
Fukuda
Jordan / Amman
Zahran
Abdoun
Japanese Garden
➢ Amman is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the
country's economic, political and cultural center.
➢ Situated in north-central Jordan, Amman is the administrative center
of the Amman Governorate. The city has a population of 4,007,526
and a land area of 1,680 square kilometers (648.7 sq. mi).
Amman
9
LOCATION

10. Approach
• Prince Hashem street
• Prince Ali street
• Al-Hashmeen street
• Abdoun Alshamali
street
Main street
Secondary street to the site
Secondary street from the site
The CityDistance
The
The TimeThe street
Irbid92 Km1 hr 30
min
‫األردن‬ ‫شارع‬
Jarash54 Km53 min‫األردن‬ ‫شارع‬
Ajloun72 Km1 hr 16
min
‫األردن‬ ‫شارع‬
Mafraq66 Km1 hr 3 min‫و‬ ‫الجيش‬ ‫شارع‬
‫دمشق‬ ‫شارع‬
‫الدولي‬
Salt32 Km44 min‫السلط‬ ‫شارع‬
Zarqa26 Km34 min‫الجيش‬ ‫شارع‬
Madaba33 Km44 min‫و‬ ‫القدس‬ ‫شارع‬
‫مأدبا‬ ‫شارع‬
‫الغربي‬
Karak132 Km1 hr 45
min
‫الطريق‬
‫و‬ ‫الصحراوي‬
‫الكرك‬ ‫طريق‬
Tafila185 Km2 hr 13
min
‫الطريق‬
‫الصحراوي‬
Ma'an219 km2 hr 28
min
‫الطريق‬
‫الصحراوي‬
Aqaba334 Km3 hr 44
min
‫الطريق‬
‫الصحراوي‬
Queen Alia
International
Airport
35 Km33 min‫المطار‬ ‫طريق‬
10SOLID AND VOID
OUR SITE SOLID VOID

11. 1
5
6
6 -Abdoun bridge5 -Abdali Boulevard
1 -Taj Mall
2 -Saudi Arabia Embassy
3 -Hungarian Embassy
3
4
4 -Syrian Embassy
8
7
9
7 -Abdali Interchange
8 - 4th
9 - Abdoun circle
10 -Prince Hashem
Interchange
11 -US Embassy intersection
12 -Embassy of united state
13 -Abdoun Mall
14 - 3rd
15 -2nd
16 -5th
17 -6th
10
11
12
14
15
1617
2
13
Embassy
Interchanges / circles
Mall
13 -Abdoun Mall
landmark 11

12. Circulation
Main street
Secondary street to the site
Secondary street from the site
2D
3D
Interchange
/circle
Distance
The
The Time
1st5.5 Km11 min
2nd4.8 Km9 min
3rd4.5 Km9min
4th2.9 Km6 min
5th4.3 Km8 min
6th5.3 Km9 min
7th6.5 Km12 min
8th7.3 Km14 min
Abdoun circle2 km6 min
EmbassiesDistance
The
The Time
Embassy of
united state
2 km6 min
Syrian
Embassy
2.6 Km4 min
Saudi Arabia
Embassy
850 m3 min
Hungarian
Embassy
1.4 Km4 min
LandmarksDistance
The
The Time
Taj Mall1.5 km6 min
Abdoun Mall1.6 Km5 min
Abdoun bridge2.3 km5 min
Abdali
Boulevard
4.7 Km4 min
Greater
Amman
municipality
5 Km10 min
12

13. VIEWS: VIEW IN
2
1
43 5 6
10
7
89
13

14. VIEWS: VIEW OUT
2
1
4
3
5
7
8
6
14

15. DIMENSION
15

16. TOPOGRAPHY
16
• Contour interval
5m
• The site consist of
3 contour layers

17. TOPOGRAPHY
17
The highest point
The lowest point
Path of rain water

18. ✓ September is the wettest month.
✓ May is the driest month.
✓ Most rainfall (rainy season) is seen in
September.
✓ Amman has dry periods in April, May, June
and July.
➢ Total annual Precipitation averages
475 mm
➢ Snow days (average )
Jan 1 days
Feb 2 days
Dec 1 days
cloudy, Sunny & precipitation 18

19. Wind
Temperature
• Avg. relative humidity 50 %
• Range of relative humidity 20% - 70%
19

20. ✓ Hot season / summer is in June,
July, August and September.
✓ On average, the warmest
month is August.
✓ On average, the coolest month
is January.
• The mean annual temperature
is 17.5 degrees Celsius (63.5
degrees Fahrenheit).
• Average monthly temperatures
vary by 16.5 °C (29.7°F).
• Avg. temperature 20c – 25c
https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate
/amman_hashemite-kingdom-of-jordan_250441
Temperature
conclusion...
20

21. ➢ Jordan falls into three distinct
types : Mediterranean,
steepe(treeless plains), and
desert.
➢ Only a tiny portion of Jordan`s
area is forested, most of it
occurring in the rocky highland
Jordan Vegetation
21

22. 22SOFTSCAPE (VEGETATION)
GRASSDFDKGJKHGJERKDNVK
Nuttall oak
Red mable
Pteris aquilina
Caryota mitis loureiro
Variegated century plant
juniper
magnoliids
neem Acalypha marginata
chinaberryFicus
benghalensis
Cape leadwort
agave
Clerodendron inerme
Populus albe
Tiny capsule eucalyptus

23. 23
SAMPLES FROM THE SITE

24. HARDSCAPE (ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS)
Rock Gardens
➢ Waterless rock and sand gardens
portray scenes of mountain views and
rivers.
➢ The sand and gravel is raked into
careful patterns to symbolize rivers
while the rocks represent mountains.
➢ The grouping can be done randomly
or in patterns but tradition says stones
should be placed in odd numbers.
➢ Placing these gardens in existing
scenery brings about the illusion of
seeing mountains from a distance.
➢ placed in seemingly random places
to add spontaneity to the garden
Bridges
➢ Another common element is a bridge.
➢ They are used to connect the land so
one can move about the garden
freely.
➢ Bridges can be made of wood or stone
and can be simple or elaborate.
➢ take visitors on a tour of the scenic
views of the garden
Japanese Lanterns (dai-doro)
➢ You can find all different shapes and sizes
of Japanese lanterns, but they are typically
always created in stone.
➢ They are carefully placed within the
garden at select locations, usually on
islands or next to important buildings, to
provide light and add beauty to the space
➢ they were used purely for decoration.
Gravel
➢ Gravel is usually used in zen gardens, rather
than sand, because it is less disturbed by
rain and wind.
➢ The act of raking the gravel into a pattern
recalling waves or rippling water
➢ Has an aesthetic function.
➢ Developing variations in patterns is a
creative and inspiring challenge.
➢ represent water or clouds
➢ White sand represented purity, but sand
could also be gray, brown or bluish-black
➢ giving an appearance of firmness and
permanence.
Shishi-odoshi:Â Japanese
Bamboo Water Feature
➢ These unique water features are
placed in gardens to scare away birds
and animals that may do damage to
the garden.
➢ A bamboo tube is used with a water
source which trickles into the lighter
end causing the heavier end to lift off
the ground, emptying the tube.
➢ When it comes back down on the rock,
the crashing sound is the scare tactic.
wood wall
➢ for purity and simplicity
Green
wall
Rock
wall
Iron
wall
wood
wall
this part of Japanese garden
structures
➢ structures wood
➢ inspired garden structures
➢ Japanese tea garden
Street Light
24

25. Cobblestone
➢ Cobblestone is a natural building
material based on cobble-sized
stones, and is used for pavement
roads, streets, and buildings.
➢ Setts are often idiomatically
referred to as "cobbles", although
a sett is distinct from a
cobblestone by being quarried or
shaped to a regular form,
whereas cobblestone is generally
of a naturally occurring form
Flooring type
Memorial
Path of
Rock
Path of
Gravel
Tow type of chairs
Tow type of
Wastebasket
Paths
Chairs / wastebasket
Generator
Guard Room
Entry sign
watering Drip
ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS
25