The document provides a history of Jammu and Kashmir, describing how it was founded in the 14th century BC and went through several ruling periods. It also summarizes the ongoing territorial disputes over the region between India, Pakistan, and China. Additionally, it outlines the geography, climate, demographics, politics, economy, culture, and education system of Jammu and Kashmir.

1. JAMMU AND KASHMIR

2. HISTORY

4. THE CITY BECAME KNOWN AS JAMBU NAGAR, WHICH THEN LATER CHANGED INTO JAMMU.

6. AFTER 480AD THE AREA WAS DOMINATED AND RULED FROM KAPISA AND KABUL.

11. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

13. THE HIMALAYAS DIVIDE THE KASHMIR VALLEY FROM LADAKH WHILE THE PIRPANJAL RANGE, WHICH ENCLOSES THE VALLEY FROM THE WEST AND THE SOUTH SEPERATES IT FROM THE GREAT PLAINS OF NORTHERN INDIA.

15. IN THE HOT SEASON JAMMU CITY IS VERY HOT AND CAN REACH UPTO 40 DEGREEs.

16. BECAUSE PIRPANJAL RANGE IS CLOSE TO ARABIAN SEA, SRINAGAR RECEIVES AS MUCH AS 25 INCHES OF RAIN.

19. DIVISIONS

22. MEDIA

24. Both the Print and electronics Media contribute a lot for the improvement of local people. The newspaper published from Jammu and Kashmir are :Daily Etalaat- Newspaper that covers local and world news, and sport stories. Daily Excelsior- Newspaper primarily aimed at the Hindu minority. Greater Kashmir- Daily newspaper from Srinagar.

25. Jammu-Kashmir -Pro-Indian site featuring news, comments, and basic facts related to conflict, documents, and photos. Kashmir Liberation Cell Government - News, articles, and information on atrocities by Indian troops from "Official Website of Government of Azad Jammu & Kashmir". Kashmir Herald - Strongly pro-Indian journal providing Jammu and Kashmir news, as well as information and analysis on terrorism. Kashmir Media Service - Comprehensive daily coverage of events in Kashmir from anti-Indian perspective.

26. Kashmir Monitor- Daily online newspaper from Srinagar. Kashmir Newz -In-depth features, daily news and pictures from Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmir Observer-Srinagar based newspaper providing more or less balanced coverage of Kashmir conflict. Kashmir Times- Jammu-based daily. It is the oldest newspaper of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmir net -UK based news site mainly devoted to human rights situation in Kashmir. News Agency of Kashmir- First online news agency from the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

30. POPULATION GROWTH

33. DEMOGRAPHICS

36. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

42. ECONOMY

44. The Kashmir valley is also known for its sericulture and cold-water fisheries.

47. With an annual turnover of over Rs. 300 crore, apart from foreign exchange of over Rs. 80 crore, this sector is the next biggest source of income in the state’s economy.

49. CULTURE

51. Annual masked dance festivals, weaving and archery are an important part of traditional life in Ladakh.

52. Ladakhi food has much in common with Tibetan food, the most prominent foods being thukpa, noodle soup; and tsampa, known in Ladakhi as Ngampe, roasted barley flour.

54. Kawa, traditional green tea with spices and almond, is consumed all through the day in the chilled winter climate of Kashmir.

57. EDUCATION

59. Education in the state is divided into primary, middle, high secondary, college and university level. Jammu and Kashmir follows 10+2 pattern for education of children. This is handled by Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education.

60. Board examinations are conducted for students in class VIII, X and XII. In addition there are various Kendriya Vidyalayas (run by the Government of India) and Indian Army schools that also impart secondary school education. These schools follow the Central Board of Secondary Education pattern.