Community based water resource management is a valuable tool that strives to sustain and improve environmental health through a natural resource management approach that integrates locally driven initiatives. It seeks to bring together stakeholders to identify issues, needs & strategies; integrate social, economic & ecological concerns towards generating comprehensive solutions. The increasing penetration of Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) presents a great potential for communities to connect with government officials, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders that would have; under normal circumstances; been inaccessible for them. What is important is that this ease of sharing information through ICTs should also decrease the time taken for members in a community to acquire equal knowledge about the issue at hand and to encourage faster collaboration & quicker and more informed decision making about these community water resources.
This paper seeks to examine this claim by examining literature and feedback from the “Neerjaal” portal, developed by the Digital Empowerment Foundation in association with Social Work Resource Centre and the Barefoot College, in Rajasthan.
From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development - ...Global Water Partnership
Presentation at the European River Restoration Conference in Vienna on 27 October 2014: "From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development", by GWP Executive Secretary Dr. Ania Grobicki.
What is MA?
Ecosystem services
Brief history of MA
Who governs MA
Organizational structure
How was the work of MA done?
How much did the MA cost and who funded it?
Millennium development goals of 2015
Main findings of MA
From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development - ...Global Water Partnership
Presentation at the European River Restoration Conference in Vienna on 27 October 2014: "From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development", by GWP Executive Secretary Dr. Ania Grobicki.
What is MA?
Ecosystem services
Brief history of MA
Who governs MA
Organizational structure
How was the work of MA done?
How much did the MA cost and who funded it?
Millennium development goals of 2015
Main findings of MA
Ecosystem services are the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. They are indispensable to the well-being of all living organisms, everywhere in the world. They include provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that directly affect people, and supporting services needed to maintain the other services (Anon., 2005). From the availability of adequate food and water, to disease regulation of vectors, pests, and pathogens, human well-being depends on these services and conditions from the natural environment. Ecosystem services depend on ecosystem conditions, and if these are impacted via pressures, consequently ecosystem services will be as well (Daily G, 1997). Human use of all ecosystem services is growing rapidly. Approximately 60% of the ecosystem services (including 70% of regulating and cultural services) are being degraded or used unsustainably. Certain changes place the sustained delivery of ecosystem services at risk. Human activity is impairing and destroying ecosystem services. Services by the ecosystem are facing some serious threats from urbanization, climate change and introduction of invasive species and pathogens which have come into existence through human activities (Anon., 1997). Ecosystem evaluation is a tool used in determining the impact of human activities on an environmental system, by assigning an economic value to an ecosystem or its ecosystem services. Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services are to people – what they are worth. Economists classify ecosystem values into several types. The two main categories are use values and non-use, or passive use values. Whereas use values are based on actual use of the environment, non-use values are values that are not associated with actual use, or even an option to use, an ecosystem or its services (Brookshire, et al.,1983). There are several methods of valuation of environmental assets, goods and amenities, services and functions like market price method, productivity method, hedonic pricing method, travel cost method and contingent valuation method.
Analysis of current Governance in the Sustainable Management of the Virunga N...AI Publications
This study was carried out in Virunga national park (ViNP) of the Demographic Republic of Congo. The study had as objective to contribute to the sustainable management of the Virunga national park. The study area was made up of four (4) administrative territories (Masis, Goma, Nyiragonga and Rutshur); these territories are found in the North KivProvence of the democratize Republic of Congo.Data was collected through the administration of 394 structured questionnaires to household heads residing around the peripheries of the Virunga national park. The data was imputed into a Microsoft excel sheet 2016 and was analysis using an SPSS version 21 statistical package. The results revealed that majority of respondents were youths 86% with ages below 61years. On the question; on the collaboration between local population and park management, the results showed that 76.4% of respondents had no form of collaboration with park management. The results also revealed that majority of respondents do not participate in the management of the ViNP. The presence park governance is highly contested by the local communities and should be revise to incorporate the concerns of the local population. To revive the lost trust and improve the relationship between the local populations living around the park and the management of the park; locals populations should participate in the management of the national park; benefit from park resources should be share and alternative income activities be created to prevent youths from relying on the park resources as a livelihood source.
Determinants of Households Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Natural Koo...AI Publications
Most natural resources or environmental goods and services are exposed to degradation, society over utilize them for only their current benefits without thinking the future life span of these resources. The study analyzed determinants of households’ willingness to pay for conservation of natural Kool water (Burie Kool Wuha, W/Gojjam, Ethiopia). The contingent valuation method and Heckman two step model was employed. The results indicates that sex of the household head, education of the household, value attached to the resource by households as source of income, value attached to the resource by households reserving for future generation and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with households WTP, and family size of households, education of the household and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with the households payment levels. On the other hand, initial bid value has a negative correlation with the level of payments. Therefore, by taking the importance of the resource for the society and the households WTP, the policy makers need to focus on identified factors in designing strategies for the conservation of the resource.
Multiple Benefits of School Gardening
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens at the session on 'Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals' at the 22nd International River Symposium, October 21, 2019, Brisbane, Australia.
Integrated Natural Resource Management and the GEF- Reconciling Global Enviro...Iwl Pcu
A Principal Objective: Every integrated program of interventions will be aimed at achieving a principal objective, whose nature will depend upon the “entry point” and whose goal, in line with the MDGs and the WSSD Plan of Implementation, will be the fostering of environmentally sustainable development. In doing so, global benefits will be accrued in a cluster of focal areas, or even in all of them. A tentative/preliminary Operational Program indication will correspond to the Principal Objective.
Presented by Dr. Claudia Sadoff, IWMI Director General,at the 13th International Conference on Development of Drylands, February 12, 2019, in Jodhpur, India
Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Source...ijtsrd
Three major problems associated with our management of the world's ecosystems are already causing significant harm to some people, particularly the poor, and unless addressed will substantially diminish the long term benefits we obtain from ecosystems First, approximately 60 15 out of 24 of the ecosystem services examined during the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment are being degraded or used unsustainably, including fresh water, capture fisheries, air and water purification, and the regulation of regional and local climate, natural hazards, and pests. The full costs of the loss and degradation of these ecosystem services are difficult to measure, but the available evidence demonstrates that they are substantial and growing. Many ecosystem services have been degraded as a consequence of actions taken to increase the supply of other services, such as food. These trade offs often shift the costs of degradation from one group of people to another or defer costs to future generations. Second, there is established but incomplete evidence that changes being made in ecosystems are increasing the likelihood of nonlinear changes in ecosystems including accelerating, abrupt, and potentially irreversible changes that have important consequences for human well being. Dr. Anshumala Chandangar "Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Sources and Sink Functions of the Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47663.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47663/biophysical-foundations-of-production-and-consumption-of-human-economy-sources-and-sink-functions-of-the-ecosystem/dr-anshumala-chandangar
Presentation by Beria Leimona, Rachman Pasha, Tony Setiawan, Suyanto, and Bruno Verbist. This is a case study of a RUPES Project at Sumberjaya Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia.
The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), established in 1950 is the leading scientific, technical and not-for-profit Non-Governmental Organization (NGO).
The mission of ICID is to stimulate and promote the development and application of the arts, sciences and techniques of engineering, agriculture, economics, ecological and social sciences in managing water and land resources for irrigation, drainage, flood management, for achieving sustainable agriculture water management.
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
This presentation was delivered at an international workshop meeting of the European Environment and Sustainable Development Advisory Councils (EEAC) titled ‘Safe operating space – state and perspectives as a concept for national policy’. The workshop discussed how the concept of ecological or planetary boundaries/ safe operating space (PB/SOS), which derives from the principle of sustainability, could and should possibly play a relevant role in environmental policy programmes in future political frameworks.
Check against delivery.
Ecosystem services are the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. They are indispensable to the well-being of all living organisms, everywhere in the world. They include provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that directly affect people, and supporting services needed to maintain the other services (Anon., 2005). From the availability of adequate food and water, to disease regulation of vectors, pests, and pathogens, human well-being depends on these services and conditions from the natural environment. Ecosystem services depend on ecosystem conditions, and if these are impacted via pressures, consequently ecosystem services will be as well (Daily G, 1997). Human use of all ecosystem services is growing rapidly. Approximately 60% of the ecosystem services (including 70% of regulating and cultural services) are being degraded or used unsustainably. Certain changes place the sustained delivery of ecosystem services at risk. Human activity is impairing and destroying ecosystem services. Services by the ecosystem are facing some serious threats from urbanization, climate change and introduction of invasive species and pathogens which have come into existence through human activities (Anon., 1997). Ecosystem evaluation is a tool used in determining the impact of human activities on an environmental system, by assigning an economic value to an ecosystem or its ecosystem services. Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services are to people – what they are worth. Economists classify ecosystem values into several types. The two main categories are use values and non-use, or passive use values. Whereas use values are based on actual use of the environment, non-use values are values that are not associated with actual use, or even an option to use, an ecosystem or its services (Brookshire, et al.,1983). There are several methods of valuation of environmental assets, goods and amenities, services and functions like market price method, productivity method, hedonic pricing method, travel cost method and contingent valuation method.
Analysis of current Governance in the Sustainable Management of the Virunga N...AI Publications
This study was carried out in Virunga national park (ViNP) of the Demographic Republic of Congo. The study had as objective to contribute to the sustainable management of the Virunga national park. The study area was made up of four (4) administrative territories (Masis, Goma, Nyiragonga and Rutshur); these territories are found in the North KivProvence of the democratize Republic of Congo.Data was collected through the administration of 394 structured questionnaires to household heads residing around the peripheries of the Virunga national park. The data was imputed into a Microsoft excel sheet 2016 and was analysis using an SPSS version 21 statistical package. The results revealed that majority of respondents were youths 86% with ages below 61years. On the question; on the collaboration between local population and park management, the results showed that 76.4% of respondents had no form of collaboration with park management. The results also revealed that majority of respondents do not participate in the management of the ViNP. The presence park governance is highly contested by the local communities and should be revise to incorporate the concerns of the local population. To revive the lost trust and improve the relationship between the local populations living around the park and the management of the park; locals populations should participate in the management of the national park; benefit from park resources should be share and alternative income activities be created to prevent youths from relying on the park resources as a livelihood source.
Determinants of Households Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Natural Koo...AI Publications
Most natural resources or environmental goods and services are exposed to degradation, society over utilize them for only their current benefits without thinking the future life span of these resources. The study analyzed determinants of households’ willingness to pay for conservation of natural Kool water (Burie Kool Wuha, W/Gojjam, Ethiopia). The contingent valuation method and Heckman two step model was employed. The results indicates that sex of the household head, education of the household, value attached to the resource by households as source of income, value attached to the resource by households reserving for future generation and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with households WTP, and family size of households, education of the household and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with the households payment levels. On the other hand, initial bid value has a negative correlation with the level of payments. Therefore, by taking the importance of the resource for the society and the households WTP, the policy makers need to focus on identified factors in designing strategies for the conservation of the resource.
Multiple Benefits of School Gardening
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens at the session on 'Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals' at the 22nd International River Symposium, October 21, 2019, Brisbane, Australia.
Integrated Natural Resource Management and the GEF- Reconciling Global Enviro...Iwl Pcu
A Principal Objective: Every integrated program of interventions will be aimed at achieving a principal objective, whose nature will depend upon the “entry point” and whose goal, in line with the MDGs and the WSSD Plan of Implementation, will be the fostering of environmentally sustainable development. In doing so, global benefits will be accrued in a cluster of focal areas, or even in all of them. A tentative/preliminary Operational Program indication will correspond to the Principal Objective.
Presented by Dr. Claudia Sadoff, IWMI Director General,at the 13th International Conference on Development of Drylands, February 12, 2019, in Jodhpur, India
Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Source...ijtsrd
Three major problems associated with our management of the world's ecosystems are already causing significant harm to some people, particularly the poor, and unless addressed will substantially diminish the long term benefits we obtain from ecosystems First, approximately 60 15 out of 24 of the ecosystem services examined during the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment are being degraded or used unsustainably, including fresh water, capture fisheries, air and water purification, and the regulation of regional and local climate, natural hazards, and pests. The full costs of the loss and degradation of these ecosystem services are difficult to measure, but the available evidence demonstrates that they are substantial and growing. Many ecosystem services have been degraded as a consequence of actions taken to increase the supply of other services, such as food. These trade offs often shift the costs of degradation from one group of people to another or defer costs to future generations. Second, there is established but incomplete evidence that changes being made in ecosystems are increasing the likelihood of nonlinear changes in ecosystems including accelerating, abrupt, and potentially irreversible changes that have important consequences for human well being. Dr. Anshumala Chandangar "Biophysical Foundations of Production and Consumption of Human Economy Sources and Sink Functions of the Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47663.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47663/biophysical-foundations-of-production-and-consumption-of-human-economy-sources-and-sink-functions-of-the-ecosystem/dr-anshumala-chandangar
Presentation by Beria Leimona, Rachman Pasha, Tony Setiawan, Suyanto, and Bruno Verbist. This is a case study of a RUPES Project at Sumberjaya Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia.
The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), established in 1950 is the leading scientific, technical and not-for-profit Non-Governmental Organization (NGO).
The mission of ICID is to stimulate and promote the development and application of the arts, sciences and techniques of engineering, agriculture, economics, ecological and social sciences in managing water and land resources for irrigation, drainage, flood management, for achieving sustainable agriculture water management.
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
This presentation was delivered at an international workshop meeting of the European Environment and Sustainable Development Advisory Councils (EEAC) titled ‘Safe operating space – state and perspectives as a concept for national policy’. The workshop discussed how the concept of ecological or planetary boundaries/ safe operating space (PB/SOS), which derives from the principle of sustainability, could and should possibly play a relevant role in environmental policy programmes in future political frameworks.
Check against delivery.
Winter and falling snowflakes are always exciting to watch but this severe weather can become a frightening nightmare for your car if you don't follow safety rules in the winter road. Moreover, winter roads give a number of challenges to you and your vehicle that only can be avoidable if you have done a pre-winter servicing. Here are some of the useful tips to get ready for the snowy road condition.
Smart city: an advanced framework for analyzing public sentiment orientation ...IJECEIAES
The coronavirus pandemic of the past several years has had a profound impact on all aspects of life, including resource utilization. One notable example is the increased demand for freshwater, a lifeblood of our planet, on the other hand, the smart city vision aims to attain a smart water management goal by investing in innovative solutions such as recycled water systems. However, the problem lies in the public’s sentiment and willingness to use this new resource which discourages investors and hinders the development of this field. Therefore, in our work, we applied sentiment analysis using an extended version of the fuzzy logic and neural network model from our previous work, to find out the general public opinion regarding recycled water and to assess the effects of sentiments on the public’s readiness to use this resource. Our analysis was based on a dataset of over 1 million text content from 2013 to 2022. The results show, from spatio-temporal perspectives, that sentiment orientation and acceptance- behavior towards using recycled water have increased positively. Additionally, the public is more concerned in areas driven by the smart city vision than in areas of medium and low economic development, where investment in sensibilization campaigns is needed.
Water Sustainability Summit What will it take Get in the gr.docxjessiehampson
Water Sustainability Summit
What will it take?
Get in the groups
that you were in last time
The Process We Have Been Modeling Is Happening All Around the World…
https://www.pwi.org/
https://www.pwi.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewPage&pageID=509&nodeID=1
Water Sustainability Summit
What will it take?
Lake Oroville, California - Before Summer 2015
“the use of water that supports the ability of human society to endure and flourish into the indefinite future without undermining the integrity of the hydrological cycle or the ecological systems that depend on it.”
Sounds good.
What’s Gleick’s own critique of this?
“By itself, however, it is too general to offer guidance for water managers, planners, and scientists.
To make decisions about how to allocate and use water resources, other goals and criteria need to be identified.”
We Start with Peter Gleick’s Take on Water Sustainability
Gleick, P (1998). Water in Crisis: Paths to Sustainability. Ecological Applications, 8(3): 571-579
4
Peter Gleick’s Take on Water Sustainability
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Gleick, P (1998). Water in Crisis: Paths to Sustainability. Ecological Applications, 8(3): 571-579
5
His seven criteria sound pretty good too. Are we done?
Is this all it takes?
How prioritize these recommendations?
Is this the best way to frame it?
How do his recommendations compare to those found in the other readings?
Peter Gleick’s Take on Water Sustainability
Why do you think this particular article was assigned for everyone to read instead of one of the other 5?
What does water “consciousness” mean?
How do the recommendations in this article compare to Gleick’s?
What ideology is represented in this article?
Discuss…
Clarke - On Developing “Water Consciousness”: Eight Movement Building Principles
On Developing “Water Consciousness”: Eight Movement Building Principles
Clarke, T (2008). On Developing “Water Consciousness”: Eight Movement Building Principles, in Lohan, T, ed., Water Consciousness. AlterNet Books. Pp. 161-167
8
Eight Movement Building Principles
Water Integrity
Treat water with reverence and respect
Water Commons
Water must be available to all people and nature
Resist commodification of water
Water Sovereignty
Local communities must be able to control their watersheds
Water Equity
Justice and equity favor public water supply systems
Water Conservation
Use only what we need
Water Quality
Protect ecosystems and human health
Water Security
Prevent water conflicts
Water Democracy
The people become the guardians of water via grassroots, bottom-up activities
Clarke - On Developing “Water Consciousness”: Eight Movement Building Principles
Do you subscribe to this conclusion?
Clarke, T (2008). On Developing “Water Consciousness”: Eight Movement Building Principles, in Lohan, T, ed., Water Consciousness. AlterNet Books. Pp. 161-167.
10
The Global Dimension of Water Governance: Why the ...
Conférence du Rotary à l'UNESCO le 24 mars 2018.
Présentation de M. Abou Amani- Chef de la Section des systèmes hydrologiques et de la rareté de l'eau (HSS)
Division des sciences de l'eau de l’UNESCO
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
Among the many water-related challenges worldwide, the crisis of scarcity, deteriorating water quality, the linkages between water and food security, and the need for improved governance are the most significant in the context of gender differences in access to and control over water resources.
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE CURRENT CONDITIONS OF WATER RESOURCE INFRASTRUCTURE...indexPub
Water is an essential and critical resource for human, animal, and plant survival and continued existence on planet Earth. Water is increasingly becoming a scarce resource; however, the issue of water scarcity has been exacerbated by the intensity of climate change conditions as well as aging water resource infrastructure in many countries, more especially in developing countries such as South Africa. Therefore, there is an urgent need to upgrade water resource infrastructure in South African cities in order to alleviate the stress on the current systems in place.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of goals to end poverty and hunger and sustain the environment.
Drafted by 70 nations and currently being discussed in the UN General Assembly, these goals will guide social policy and investments for decades to come.
The International Water Management Institute believes that the key to the goals being achieved lies in how they approach water management.
We worked with managers and researchers from the institute and the institute’s partners to write the 56-page booklet: On Target for People and Planet: Setting and Achieving Water-Related Sustainable Development Goals.
A Meta Analysis on Review of Studies on Water Managementijtsrd
"Water is one of the most important resources available on this earth that has an influence on human activities. All important aspects such as agriculture, industry, day to day life is dependent on water. It is the most important factor for survival of life on this earth. As such it becomes imperative that we find out what is the status of various studies that have been conducted on various aspects of water management.The present paper is an attempt to summarise various aspects of issues involved with use and consumption of water and studies involved therein. It focuses on theoretical concepts like definition of water management, compounding of water as well as actual practices of water management in various parts of the world. Prof Anuradha Gaikwad | Dr S. D. Kadam ""A Meta-Analysis on Review of Studies on Water Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23081.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23081/a-meta-analysis-on-review-of-studies-on-water-management/prof-anuradha-gaikwad"
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
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Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ICT Mediated Community Water Management & Decision Making
1. ICT Mediated Community Water Management and Decision Making
Rajat Kumar
Digital Empowerment Foundation, New Delhi
rajat.kumar@defindia.net
Abstract
Community based water resource management is a valuable tool that strives to
sustain and improve environmental health through a natural resource management
approach that integrates locally driven initiatives. It seeks to bring together
stakeholders to identify issues, needs & strategies; integrate social, economic &
ecological concerns towards generating comprehensive solutions. The increasing
penetration of Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) presents a
great potential for communities to connect with government officials, policy
makers and other relevant stakeholders that would have; under normal
circumstances; been inaccessible for them. What is important is that this ease of
sharing information through ICTs should also decrease the time taken for
members in a community to acquire equal knowledge about the issue at hand and
to encourage faster collaboration & quicker and more informed decision making
about these community water resources.
This paper seeks to examine this claim by examining literature and feedback from
the “Neerjaal” portal, developed by the Digital Empowerment Foundation in
association with Social Work Resource Centre and the Barefoot College, in
Rajasthan.
Keywords: ICT4D, Community Water Management, Information Systems, Decision Support Systems
Introduction
Water and the Millennium Development Goals
Water maintains healthy natural ecosystems and is a key driver in socio-economic development.
Access to water is crucial for food production; clean water enables good sanitation and hygiene
which prevents diseases and improves living standards (UN-Water, 2008).
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), established by the United Nations in 2000, sought to
create a blueprint to combat some of the biggest problems facing the human race. Many of the
MDGs such as ending poverty and hunger, promoting child and maternal health and environmental
sustainability, have a direct relationship with effective management and promotion of water
resources.
With the conversation surrounding the post-2015 development agenda, the Rio+20 Conference
outcome document “The Future We Want” (United Nations General Assembly, 2012) proposed the
creation of what have come to be known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
2. Goal 6 of the SDGs exclusively deals with the availability and sustainable management of water
resources. However, Goals 3, 11, 12 and 15 also mention water in their targets. Water management
has linkages with climate change resilience, population growth, irrigation methods, quality of water,
waste due to poor infrastructure, fluctuating annual rainfall and the lack of effective legal &
regulatory mechanisms.
Integrated Water Resource Management
To face these challenges of contemporary water management, targets are not only needed at a global
level. Action has to be taken at national, regional and community levels (UN-Water, 2006b).
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) was adapted by the United Nations in 1992, and
has come to be recognised as the best method for efficient, equitable and sustainable development
and management of the world’s limited water resources, and for dealing with competing demands.
The Global Water Partnership defines IWRM as “a process which promotes the coordinated
development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximise the
resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the
sustainability of vital ecosystems.” (GWP)
The concept of IWRM was first established on the International Conference on Water and the
Environment (ICWE) in Dublin 1992. The Dublin Conference led to 4 principles with regards to
water (GWP, IWRM - At a Glance)
I. Freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the
environment
II. Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving
users, planners and policy-makers at all levels
III. Women play a central role in the provision, management and safeguarding of water
IV. Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic
good.
IWRM is also envisioned not as an end in itself but a means of achieving three key strategic
objectives.
I. Efficiency to make water resources go as far as possible;
II. Equity in the allocation of water across different social and economic groups;
III. Environmental sustainability, to protect the water resources base and associated ecosystems.
Information Communication Technologies for Development
Heeks et al., 2001; Negroponte, 1998 and other scholars have shown the importance that
Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have on furthering the development agenda. They
also show that ICT’s can be applied to a wide spectrum of project for development.
3. Panchard & Osterwalder (2008) argue that most ICT for development literature have a strong focus
on what they call Person-to-Person Information Systems (PPISs). PPISs are defined as information
systems that connect people to each other, connect people to machines and those machines to each
other.
They argue further, that a concerted effort should be placed in shifting from PPISs to Environment-
to-Person Information Systems (EPIS). EPISs would use sensors to collect environmental data &
communicate them to man and machine.
The International Telecommunications Union underscored the importance of information for
effective utilisation of ICTs for environmental management and protection by identifying six
specific environment-related impact areas of ICTs.
I. Environmental Observation - terrestrial, ocean, climate and atmospheric monitoring and data
recording technologies and systems and geographical information systems (GIS)
II. Environmental Analysis - land, soil, water and atmospheric quality assessment tools, including
technologies for analysis of atmospheric conditions including GHG emissions and pollutants,
and the tracking of both water quality and availability.
III. Environmental Planning - making use of analysed information as part of the decision making
process at the international, regional and national level
IV. Environmental Management & Protection - managing and mitigating impacts on the
environment as well as helping adapt to given environmental conditions
V. Impact & Mitigating Effects of ICT Utilisation - increasing efficiency and reducing the
secondary & tertiary effects of ICT utilisation
VI. Environmental Capacity Building - increase public awareness of environmental issues and
priorities, the development of professionals, and integrating environmental content into formal
education
The environment-related ICT impact areas as identified by the ITU show a very strong synergy with
the steps in the IWRM planning cycle (Figure 1).
4. Figure 1: IWRM Planning Process
ICT Mediated Water Resource Management In India
The report of the Expert Group on Groundwater Management and Ownership of the Planning
Commission (2007), had reported that in 2004, 28 per cent of India’s blocks were showing
alarmingly high levels of groundwater use. An assessment by NASA (in Planning Commission,
2007) showed that during 2002 to 2008, India lost about 109 cuKm. of water leading to a decline in
water table to the extent of 0.33 metres per annum. Since the 1980’s, India’s groundwater
dependency has skyrocketed and the according to the United Nations World Water Development
Report, the groundwater abstraction rate in 2010 for India was over 250 cuKm per year. (Figure 2)
Figure 2: Groundwater abstraction rate in selected countries (Km3)
Groundwater and surface water sources are at risk in India due to excessive dependency and
unchecked & unregulated waste contamination. The high presence of fluorides, nitrates, chlorides,
Source: ‘Managing Water Under Risk and Uncertainty’, The United Nations World Water Development Report 4, Volume 1 (2012)
Source: ‘IWRM Planning Cycle’, Global Water Partnership
5. high total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, salinity and bacteriological content are the key areas of
concern with regards to water supply sources in India.
The National Action Plan on Climate Chance (NAPCC); formulated in 2008, focused on various
identified goals with regards to water management through its mission mode project; National
Water Mission. The ones that relate the closest to the use of community-level ICTs are:
I. Comprehensive water database in the public domain
II. Promotion of community focused participative actions for water conservation, augmentation
and preservation
III. Increased water use efficiency in the tune of 20 percent and
IV. Promotion of basin-level IWRM
Neerjaal
An Introduction
Neerjaal, initiated by the Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) and the Social Work Resource
Centre (SWRC) is a web-based water quality mapping tool that seeks to create a water management
portal for grassroots communities. The intention of the project is to empower communities to
collect information about water resources in their vicinity, create & share reports and to make
informed decisions for water management. Another focus area of the project is to spread awareness
about health and environment related issues; since effective water conservation and management
have a strong positive correlation with those issues, as evidenced by the targets within the MDGs
and SDGs.
The first activity in the rollout of the project was to map all the water sources in a geographical
region that communities access: hand-pumps, wells and tanks. This was a participatory process with
all members of the community aiding in the identification, mapping and codification of water
sources.
Using portable water testing kits, communities then test water sources on a regular basis. The
results of the test as passed onto the field centre representative who then transcribes the raw data
onto an online reporting and documentation portal (neerjaal.org).
The parameters that the water is tested on are:
I. Physical Properties
A. Odour
B. Colour
C. Turbidity
D. Temperature
II. Chemical Properties
A. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
B. pH
C. Chloride Content
D. Fluoride Content
6. E. Hardness
F. Nitrate Content
G. Iron Content
H. Bacterial content (e. Coli)
The parameters that are in excess of the standards laid down in the Indian Standards of Drinking
Water created by the Bureau of Indian Standards are identified and then an assessment of the quality
of water formulated and attached to the water source.
The field centre representative also aids in the creation of a qualitative report that is available for
the communities and is forwarded to local government officials, politicians and policy makers. The
project incorporates strong online and offline components that aid the community to have strong
evidence-based information about water quality in their region and allows them to make well-
informed decisions on water resource management.
Offline and Online Components of Neerjaal
The offline component of the project focuses on augmenting the flow of information to make it
more horizontal and allow greater community stewardship and ownership of water resources.
I. Community Sensitisation - relevant sections of the qualitative report are shared with members
of the community so as to sensitise and align them with a realistic understanding of the quality
of water in their community. This process is conducted at group meetings (gram sabha, mahila
mandal meetings, SHG meetings etc) and direct one-on-one communications.
II. Capacity Building - To allow greater decentralisation of the testing procedures, community
members are trained to test water themselves and pass the results onto the field centre
representative.
III. Water Conservation and Management Efforts - Neerjaal has initiated water recharging and
conservation techniques across communities.
The online component of the project allows government officials, researchers and policy makers to
access the raw water testing data entered by the centre representative to aid in the creation of high-
level reports and policy & project suggestions using first hand data that is collected at regular
intervals.
Understanding Information Flows in Neerjaal
A study conducted by Rampal (2014), sought to assess the impact of the Neerjaal project. An
assessment of the flow of water related information in the communities where Neerjaal was active
shows that 80% of the respondents received information from fellow community members. The
Neerjaal facilitator followed close behind at 79%. Only 4% of respondents claimed that they ever
got any information from government departments (Figure 3).
The information flow among communities involved in the Neerjaal project has been visualised in
Figure 4. The feedback loop incorporated in the water management process is the formalisation of
7. Figure 3: Source of Water Related Information
the learning mechanism inherent in the creation of truly participative IWRM mechanism as shown
in Figure 1.
Figure 4: Visualisation of Information Flows in Neerjaal
Percentageof
Respondents
0
20
40
60
80
Villagers Neerjaal Facilitator Field Centre Coordinator Family Members Sarpanch Government Water Department
4
2929
64
7980
Source of Information
Adapted from Rampal, I. (2014), Water Resource Management in Rural Communities: A Study of Neerjaal Project in Rajasthan. Unpublished
8. Conclusion & Recommendation
The Neerjaal project focuses on collecting high frequency, quality data on key dimensions of water.
This enables stronger and more systematic dissemination of data to augment government
information and encourage community-led evidence-based decision making in the conservation and
management of water resources. These activities will be crucial for achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals in the era of the post-2015 development agenda.
The findings of this paper provide a healthy spring-board for developing a future research agenda.
The overriding conclusion that can be reached is that a holistic and integrated approach is needed,
bringing together different disciplines of water and environmental management, biophysical and
social sciences and ICT for development. Opportunities for innovative research which straddle all
these disciplines to gain new insights into how better coping and adaptation strategies that
incorporate learning loops and knowledge sharing; can be developed for vulnerable communities
facing water stress.
9. References
• Global Water Partnership. IWRM - At a Glance. Retrieved from http://www.gwp.org/
Global/The%20Challenge/Resource%20material/IWRM%20at%20a%20glance.pdf
• Global Water Partnership. IWRM Planning Process. Retrieved from http://
www.gwp.org/Global/ToolBox/Pictures/IWRM%20Planning%20Cycle.jpg
• Global Water Partnership. TOOLBOX - Root - Global Water Partnership. Retrieved
from http://www.gwp.org/en/ToolBox/
• Government of India (2008). National Action Plan on Climate Change. Retrieved
from http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/Pg01-52_2.pdf
• Heeks, R. (2001). Information Systems and Developing Countries: failure, Success
and Local Improvisations. The Information Society, Taylor & Francis
• Negroponte, N. (1998) The Third Shall Be First. Wired Magazine, issue 6.1., January,
1998
• Panchard, J. & Osterwalder, A. (2008). ICTs and Capacity Building through
Apprenticeship and Participatory Methods
• Planning Commission. (2007) Groundwater Management and Ownership: Report of
the Expert Group on Groundwater Management and Ownership. Retrieved from
http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_grndwat.pdf
• Rampal, I. (2014). Water Resource Management in Rural Communities: A Study of
Neerjaal Project in Rajasthan. Unpublished
• UN-Water (2006a). Coping with Water Scarcity. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/
waterforlifedecade/pdf/2006_unwater_coping_with_water_scarcity_eng.pdf
• UN-Water (2006b). Water: A Shared Responsibility. Retrieved from http://
unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001444/144409E.pdf
• UN-Water (2008). Status Report on Integrated Water Resources Management and
Water Efficiency Plans.
• United Nations (2012). Managing Water Under Risk and Uncertainty - The United
Nations World Water Development Report 4, Volume 1. Retrieved from http://
www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/WWDR4%20Volume
%201-Managing%20Water%20under%20Uncertainty%20and%20Risk.pdf
• United Nations General Assembly (2012). Resolution A/RES/66/288* - The Future We
Want. Retrieved from http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/476/10/
PDF/N1147610.pdf?OpenElement