This document discusses a study on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials reinforced with jute and sisal fibers. The study prepared composite samples using a hand layup process with jute and sisal fibers set in epoxy resin. The samples underwent mechanical tests to analyze properties like flexibility, hardness, compressive and impact loading. Both experimental and simulated ANSYS results were compared. The materials used were epoxy resin, jute fiber, sisal fiber. The composites showed improved mechanical properties over the individual fibers alone, with properties dependent on fiber orientation within the composite.
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior and Analysis of Okra and Pineapple Reinforced Comp...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on the mechanical behavior and analysis of composites made from okra and pineapple fibers reinforced with epoxy resin. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of determining the mechanical properties of these natural fiber composites. It then provides background on composites and classifications. The literature review covers previous research on using natural fibers like jute as reinforcements in composites. The document discusses the materials and methods used, including extracting the okra and pineapple fibers and manufacturing composite test samples. It reviews testing of properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, and density. The goal is to understand the mechanical properties of these natural fiber reinforced polymer composites.
Fabrication of composite materials by using short pineapple leaf fiber PALF :...ijiert bestjournal
Composite materials (also called composition materials or shorte ned to composites) are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physi cal or chemical properties,that when combined,produce a material with characteristics different from the i ndividual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new material may be preferred for many reasons:common examples include materials which are stronger,lighter or less expensive when compared to traditional materials. In the last decades,the use of natural fibers as r einforcement in polymeric composites for technical application has been a research subject of scientist. Interest in natural fibers has increased worldwide due to their low cost,low density,hardness,higher fatigue endurance,good thermal and mechanical resistivity and to their environmental friendliness. The Asian markets have been using natural fibers for many years e.g.,jute is a common reinforcement in India. Natural fibers are increasingly used in automotive and packaging materials. India is an agricultural country and it is the main stay of Indian economy. Thousa nds of tons of different crops are produced but most of their wastes do not have any useful utilization. Agric ultural wastes include wheat husk,rice husk,and their straw,hemp fiber and shells of various dry fruits. These ag ricultural wastes can be used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for commercial use.
This paper present the state-of-the-art literature review and explore the research guidelines
on natural fibres polymeric composites. Due to the environmental issues, cost reduction and high
performance of engineering applications, the demand of natural fibre is increasing day by day.
Reinforcement with natural fiber in composites has recently gained attention due to low cost, easy
availability, low density, acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, enhanced energy
recovery, bio-degradability and recyclable in nature. To safeguard the environment, efforts are being
made for recycling different wastes and utilise them in value added applications.
This document summarizes research on mechanical behavior of stacking sequences in kenaf and banana fiber reinforced polyester laminate composites. It discusses how natural fiber composites are growing in use due to advantages over synthetic fibers like lower cost and environmental impact. The research aims to develop and test a new class of laminate composites with kenaf and banana fibers in different stacking sequences. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus and impact strength are evaluated to understand the effect of hybridization and stacking sequence on mechanical behavior.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
- A composite consists of two or more materials combined to take advantage of their combined properties. Composites have higher strength and stiffness than metals but allow for tailored design.
- Common fibers include glass, carbon, and aramid, and matrices include polymers, metals, and ceramics. Different manufacturing methods are used to produce composites.
- Composites have advantages over metals like higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and fatigue life. Their properties can be optimized for different applications.
Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituents with different physical or chemical
properties, which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A fiber is a material, which is made into
a long filament with diameter generally in the order of 10 microns. The aspect ratio of length to diameter can be
ranging from thousands to infinity in continuous fibers. Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is
encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and more
sustainable construction and packing materials. For environment concern on synthetic fiber (such as glass, carbon,
ceramic gibers etc) natural fibers (such as flax, hemp, jute, kenai) etc are widely used. Industrial hemp fiber is one
of the strongest of the natural fibers available and possesses benefits such as low cost and low production energy
requirements. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate the natural fiber composites with suitable
processing/manufacturing methods and to examine the mechanical properties when subjected to Tension, Bending
and to compare & contrast the results with the available literature. In this research work, hemp fiber reinforced
Epoxy matrix composites have been developed by hand layup method with varying process parameters, such as
coupling agent(with and without compatibilizers) and different fiber percentages (10%,20% and 30% by weight).
The developed composites were then characterized by tensile test and flexural testing. Results show that the tensile
strength and flexural properties increases with the increase in fiber percentage. However after a certain percentage
the tensile strength decreases again. Compared to untreated hemp fiber, no significant changes in the tensile strength
have been observed for treated hemp fiber reinforcement. The flexural strength / modulus of the composite were
higher compared to pure epoxy for all filler/fiber loadings.
Abstract In the last decades the composites have been widely used in the construction, automobile and aerospace industries. Among them,
Natural fiber composites are emerging as low cost, lightweight and superior alternatives to synthetic fiber composites. This study
related to the development of bio-degradable composites using Epoxy resin and Sisal/Jute fibers. The fibers are chemically
treated at different percentages of NaOH i.e.,3%, 6% and 9%. Tensile and flexural strength of the composites were determined
using UTM. The natural frequencies of the cantilever composite beam were determined analytically using Euler’s theory and
numerically using Ansys 15.0. From the results, the results agree close to each other.
Keywords: Sisal Fiber, Jute Fiber, Alkali Treatment, Modal Analysis.
IRJET- Effect of Mercerization of Mechanical Behavior of Banana Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of mercerization (treatment with sodium hydroxide solution) on the mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two sets of composites were fabricated - one with untreated banana fiber and one with banana fiber treated with NaOH solution. Composites containing 3-15% fiber by weight were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact energy. The research aims to study how fiber treatment and fiber content affect mechanical properties.
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior and Analysis of Okra and Pineapple Reinforced Comp...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on the mechanical behavior and analysis of composites made from okra and pineapple fibers reinforced with epoxy resin. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of determining the mechanical properties of these natural fiber composites. It then provides background on composites and classifications. The literature review covers previous research on using natural fibers like jute as reinforcements in composites. The document discusses the materials and methods used, including extracting the okra and pineapple fibers and manufacturing composite test samples. It reviews testing of properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, and density. The goal is to understand the mechanical properties of these natural fiber reinforced polymer composites.
Fabrication of composite materials by using short pineapple leaf fiber PALF :...ijiert bestjournal
Composite materials (also called composition materials or shorte ned to composites) are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physi cal or chemical properties,that when combined,produce a material with characteristics different from the i ndividual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new material may be preferred for many reasons:common examples include materials which are stronger,lighter or less expensive when compared to traditional materials. In the last decades,the use of natural fibers as r einforcement in polymeric composites for technical application has been a research subject of scientist. Interest in natural fibers has increased worldwide due to their low cost,low density,hardness,higher fatigue endurance,good thermal and mechanical resistivity and to their environmental friendliness. The Asian markets have been using natural fibers for many years e.g.,jute is a common reinforcement in India. Natural fibers are increasingly used in automotive and packaging materials. India is an agricultural country and it is the main stay of Indian economy. Thousa nds of tons of different crops are produced but most of their wastes do not have any useful utilization. Agric ultural wastes include wheat husk,rice husk,and their straw,hemp fiber and shells of various dry fruits. These ag ricultural wastes can be used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for commercial use.
This paper present the state-of-the-art literature review and explore the research guidelines
on natural fibres polymeric composites. Due to the environmental issues, cost reduction and high
performance of engineering applications, the demand of natural fibre is increasing day by day.
Reinforcement with natural fiber in composites has recently gained attention due to low cost, easy
availability, low density, acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, enhanced energy
recovery, bio-degradability and recyclable in nature. To safeguard the environment, efforts are being
made for recycling different wastes and utilise them in value added applications.
This document summarizes research on mechanical behavior of stacking sequences in kenaf and banana fiber reinforced polyester laminate composites. It discusses how natural fiber composites are growing in use due to advantages over synthetic fibers like lower cost and environmental impact. The research aims to develop and test a new class of laminate composites with kenaf and banana fibers in different stacking sequences. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus and impact strength are evaluated to understand the effect of hybridization and stacking sequence on mechanical behavior.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
- A composite consists of two or more materials combined to take advantage of their combined properties. Composites have higher strength and stiffness than metals but allow for tailored design.
- Common fibers include glass, carbon, and aramid, and matrices include polymers, metals, and ceramics. Different manufacturing methods are used to produce composites.
- Composites have advantages over metals like higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and fatigue life. Their properties can be optimized for different applications.
Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituents with different physical or chemical
properties, which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A fiber is a material, which is made into
a long filament with diameter generally in the order of 10 microns. The aspect ratio of length to diameter can be
ranging from thousands to infinity in continuous fibers. Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is
encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and more
sustainable construction and packing materials. For environment concern on synthetic fiber (such as glass, carbon,
ceramic gibers etc) natural fibers (such as flax, hemp, jute, kenai) etc are widely used. Industrial hemp fiber is one
of the strongest of the natural fibers available and possesses benefits such as low cost and low production energy
requirements. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate the natural fiber composites with suitable
processing/manufacturing methods and to examine the mechanical properties when subjected to Tension, Bending
and to compare & contrast the results with the available literature. In this research work, hemp fiber reinforced
Epoxy matrix composites have been developed by hand layup method with varying process parameters, such as
coupling agent(with and without compatibilizers) and different fiber percentages (10%,20% and 30% by weight).
The developed composites were then characterized by tensile test and flexural testing. Results show that the tensile
strength and flexural properties increases with the increase in fiber percentage. However after a certain percentage
the tensile strength decreases again. Compared to untreated hemp fiber, no significant changes in the tensile strength
have been observed for treated hemp fiber reinforcement. The flexural strength / modulus of the composite were
higher compared to pure epoxy for all filler/fiber loadings.
Abstract In the last decades the composites have been widely used in the construction, automobile and aerospace industries. Among them,
Natural fiber composites are emerging as low cost, lightweight and superior alternatives to synthetic fiber composites. This study
related to the development of bio-degradable composites using Epoxy resin and Sisal/Jute fibers. The fibers are chemically
treated at different percentages of NaOH i.e.,3%, 6% and 9%. Tensile and flexural strength of the composites were determined
using UTM. The natural frequencies of the cantilever composite beam were determined analytically using Euler’s theory and
numerically using Ansys 15.0. From the results, the results agree close to each other.
Keywords: Sisal Fiber, Jute Fiber, Alkali Treatment, Modal Analysis.
IRJET- Effect of Mercerization of Mechanical Behavior of Banana Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of mercerization (treatment with sodium hydroxide solution) on the mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two sets of composites were fabricated - one with untreated banana fiber and one with banana fiber treated with NaOH solution. Composites containing 3-15% fiber by weight were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact energy. The research aims to study how fiber treatment and fiber content affect mechanical properties.
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
IRJET- A Review on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Poly...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. It discusses how the tensile properties of these composites are influenced by fiber loading and surface treatments. The tensile strength generally increases with fiber content up to a maximum, while the Young's modulus continuously increases. However, the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers causes incompatibility with hydrophobic polymer matrices. Surface treatments can make the fibers more hydrophobic and improve adhesion. Alkali treatment and acrylic acid treatment are effective modification methods.
Design and Fe Analysis of Composite Grid Structure for Skin Stiffening Applic...IRJET Journal
This document describes a finite element analysis of composite grid structures for use in skin stiffening applications. It provides background on grid structures, noting that they are shell-like structures that support the skin of a structure. When made of composites, grid structures can reduce weight and uniformly distribute loads for aerospace applications. The study aims to analyze an orthogrid and isogrid composite plate using FEA to evaluate deflection, stress, and stiffness-to-weight ratio when the skin thickness is varied. An overview of finite element analysis and the steps involved in an FEA are also provided.
This document discusses hybrid composites, which combine two or more different fiber materials within a single matrix. Hybrid composites can combine biofibers, synthetic fibers, and metal fibers to achieve a balanced combination of advantages while compensating for individual material disadvantages. The properties of hybrid composites result from the summation of each component, and can be designed through the selection of fibers, fiber length, orientation, and bonding with the matrix. Hybridization allows for properties that single materials cannot achieve alone.
Fabrication and Testing of Hybrid Composites using Jute and Mango EndocarpIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that fabricated and tested hybrid composites using jute and mango endocarp fibers reinforced in an epoxy resin matrix. Jute and mango endocarp fibers were used as reinforcements due to their low cost, availability, and biodegradability. An epoxy resin and hardener were used as the matrix material. Specimens were fabricated using a hand lay-up process. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were then tested. The study aimed to develop a low-cost, environmentally friendly composite material as a substitute for composites using synthetic fibers.
IRJET- Composite Material using Bamboo Fiber with Epoxy ResinIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed and tested a composite material made from bamboo fiber and epoxy resin. Bamboo fiber was extracted from bamboo using chemical digestion. The bamboo fiber was then used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix. Tensile, hardness, and compressive tests were conducted on the composite material to analyze its mechanical properties. The results showed the bamboo fiber composite has good mechanical properties and strength comparable to conventional materials. As such, it could potentially be used in structural applications.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis A Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Pol...IJRES Journal
The hybrids composite has emerged and have the potential reinforcement material for composites and thus gain attraction by many researchers. This is mainly due to their applicable benefits have they offer low density, low cost, renewable, biodegradability and environmentally harmless and also comparable mechanical properties with synthetic fiber composites. In the project natural fiber and glass hybrid composites were fabricated by using epoxy resin combination of hand lay-up method and cold press method. Specimen was cut from the fabricated laminate according to the ASTM standard for different experiments for tensile test, flexural text, and impact test. A significant improvement in tensile strength was indicated by the woven fiber glass hybrid composites. In this hybrid composite laminates banana-glass-banana (BGB) and glass-banana-glass (GBG) exhibit higher mechanical properties due to chemical treatment to natural fibers. So, the hybrid composite material shows the highest mechanical properties. This High performance hybrid composite material has extensive engineering applications such as transport industry, aeronautics, naval, automotive industries.
IMPACT OF AL-COMPOSITES IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: A NECCESSITYIAEME Publication
In the engineering sector today, the need to substitute for orthodox materials like wood, aluminium, steel and concrete, has led to the invention of raw materials that meet specific needs like hardiness-to-mass ratio, i.e. increased strength and light weight, increased strength of impact, dimensional constancy and resistance to corrosion. These materials are called composites. In this paper, we have assessed several articles by a number of researchers on the impact of composites in the manufacturing industry, making aluminium composites our focus. This review studied the properties, behaviours, applications, advantages and setbacks, of aluminium composites. From this study, it was observed that the automotive industry makes the most use of aluminium composites, for the manufacture of parts like pistons and connecting rods. However, processing of Al-dependent MMC’s is costlier than other raw materials. And this is a major setback in the use of aluminium composites in the manufacturing industry.
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
This document summarizes research on the fabrication and characterization of bio-composite materials using sunnhemp fibre. The document discusses how sunnhemp fibre was used to reinforce an epoxy matrix through hand lay-up methods. Various mechanical properties of the bio-composites were tested, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The results of the mechanical tests on the bio-composite specimens are presented. Potential applications of the sunnhemp fibre bio-composites are also suggested, such as in fall ceilings, partitions, packaging, automotive interiors, and toys.
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- A Comparative Study of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polym...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the mechanical and physical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with bamboo and jute fibers. Researchers have found that both bamboo and jute fiber composites exhibit improved mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared to traditional synthetic fiber composites or unreinforced polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of these natural fiber composites depend on factors like fiber volume fraction, fiber length, fiber orientation within the matrix, and the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrix material. In general, composites with bamboo fiber reinforcement have shown higher strength and stiffness than similar composites with jute fiber reinforcement.
This document presents a study on the effect of thickness and fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural properties of a hybrid composite made from S-glass, carbon, and E-glass fibers. Specimens of different thicknesses (2mm and 3mm) and fiber orientations (30°, 45°, 60°) were prepared and tested according to ASTM standards. The test results showed that tensile strength was dependent on fiber orientation and thickness. Specifically, tensile strength increased with thickness and was highest at a 30° fiber orientation for both the 2mm and 3mm specimens.
IRJET- Investigating Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Convection Heat T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the fabrication and analysis of an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with iron oxide. Aluminum 7075 was used as the base metal matrix, and iron oxide (magnetite) was added as reinforcement in proportions of 2%, 6%, and 10% by weight. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy and stir casting. Tests were conducted to analyze the convection heat transfer properties of the composites using a pin-fin apparatus and compared to numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The composites have potential applications in aeronautics, automotive, and other industries due to their improved properties over the base aluminum alloy.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Fibre Reinforcement Concrete by using Ma...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on fiber reinforced concrete. Various percentages of polypropylene fiber (0%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%) were added to M30 and M40 concrete mixes to study their effects on compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Specimens were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that strength increased up to 1.75% fiber content. The fibers improved ductility and toughness in the post-crack region. A mix design was performed according to IS standards and concrete properties were tested through compression, splitting tensile, and flexural tests.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
This document provides information about various composite materials and their properties. It discusses:
1. Thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers, giving examples like acrylic, ABS, and nylon.
2. Metal matrix composites, which consist of fibers or particles in a metal matrix. Common matrix materials include aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. Reinforcements include silicon carbide, alumina, and graphite fibers or particles.
3. Applications of composites in aerospace, automotive, and other industries due to properties like high strength and temperature resistance. However, metal matrix composites have higher costs than organic composites.
This document provides information about a course on composite materials taught at SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. It includes the course synopsis, outcomes, objectives, syllabus, and references. The course introduces different types of composites, their properties, manufacturing methods, and applications. It covers polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and special composites such as carbon composites. The course aims to help students understand the fundamentals and need for composite materials as well as identify application fields.
IRJET- Design and Development of Natural Composite MaterialIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a natural composite material made from epoxy resin reinforced with sisal fibers. Composite plates were fabricated according to ASTM standards by varying the fiber percentage and orientation. The plates were then tested for tensile and flexural strength. The objectives were to explore the potential of sisal fiber composites and evaluate how fiber percentage affects mechanical properties. Test results for composites with different fiber percentages and alignments were compared.
Mechanical Characterization of Synthetic/Natural Fibre Polymer Matrix Composi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on evaluating the mechanical properties of composite materials made from epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibers and ramie fibers. Samples were produced using hand layup and compression molding. Tests on the samples found that the specimen with 50% glass fiber and 40% ramie fiber had the highest tensile strength. Equal amounts of glass and ramie fibers showed better flexural strength and hardness. Impact strength was highest with 50% ramie fiber. Grey relational analysis confirmed that the specimen with 50% glass fiber performed best overall based on its mechanical properties.
The document discusses composite materials, which are made from two or more constituent materials that retain their individual properties. Composites have several advantages over traditional materials, including high strength and stiffness combined with lightness. Their properties can be tailored to specific engineering needs. Composites are increasingly used in transportation applications like airplanes and cars due to their beneficial mechanical properties. They are also used in other industrial sectors such as construction and machinery. The document defines composites and outlines their various components, properties, types, and applications.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more inherently different materials that when combined produce properties exceeding the individual components. The matrix holds the reinforcement and transfers load, while the reinforcement provides properties like strength and stiffness. Common matrix materials include epoxies, metals, and ceramics. Fiber reinforcements include glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The document discusses different types of composites and their applications, advantages like high strength and design flexibility, and disadvantages like anisotropic properties and difficulties in inspection.
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that
gives better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In contrast to
metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and mechanical
properties. The two constituents are reinforcement and a matrix. The main advantages of
composite materials are their high strength and stiffness combined with low density when
compared to classical materials. Micromechanical approach is found to be more suitable for
the analysis of composite materials because it studies the volume proportions of the
constituents for the desired lamina stiffness and strength.
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
IRJET- A Review on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Poly...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. It discusses how the tensile properties of these composites are influenced by fiber loading and surface treatments. The tensile strength generally increases with fiber content up to a maximum, while the Young's modulus continuously increases. However, the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers causes incompatibility with hydrophobic polymer matrices. Surface treatments can make the fibers more hydrophobic and improve adhesion. Alkali treatment and acrylic acid treatment are effective modification methods.
Design and Fe Analysis of Composite Grid Structure for Skin Stiffening Applic...IRJET Journal
This document describes a finite element analysis of composite grid structures for use in skin stiffening applications. It provides background on grid structures, noting that they are shell-like structures that support the skin of a structure. When made of composites, grid structures can reduce weight and uniformly distribute loads for aerospace applications. The study aims to analyze an orthogrid and isogrid composite plate using FEA to evaluate deflection, stress, and stiffness-to-weight ratio when the skin thickness is varied. An overview of finite element analysis and the steps involved in an FEA are also provided.
This document discusses hybrid composites, which combine two or more different fiber materials within a single matrix. Hybrid composites can combine biofibers, synthetic fibers, and metal fibers to achieve a balanced combination of advantages while compensating for individual material disadvantages. The properties of hybrid composites result from the summation of each component, and can be designed through the selection of fibers, fiber length, orientation, and bonding with the matrix. Hybridization allows for properties that single materials cannot achieve alone.
Fabrication and Testing of Hybrid Composites using Jute and Mango EndocarpIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that fabricated and tested hybrid composites using jute and mango endocarp fibers reinforced in an epoxy resin matrix. Jute and mango endocarp fibers were used as reinforcements due to their low cost, availability, and biodegradability. An epoxy resin and hardener were used as the matrix material. Specimens were fabricated using a hand lay-up process. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were then tested. The study aimed to develop a low-cost, environmentally friendly composite material as a substitute for composites using synthetic fibers.
IRJET- Composite Material using Bamboo Fiber with Epoxy ResinIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed and tested a composite material made from bamboo fiber and epoxy resin. Bamboo fiber was extracted from bamboo using chemical digestion. The bamboo fiber was then used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix. Tensile, hardness, and compressive tests were conducted on the composite material to analyze its mechanical properties. The results showed the bamboo fiber composite has good mechanical properties and strength comparable to conventional materials. As such, it could potentially be used in structural applications.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis A Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Pol...IJRES Journal
The hybrids composite has emerged and have the potential reinforcement material for composites and thus gain attraction by many researchers. This is mainly due to their applicable benefits have they offer low density, low cost, renewable, biodegradability and environmentally harmless and also comparable mechanical properties with synthetic fiber composites. In the project natural fiber and glass hybrid composites were fabricated by using epoxy resin combination of hand lay-up method and cold press method. Specimen was cut from the fabricated laminate according to the ASTM standard for different experiments for tensile test, flexural text, and impact test. A significant improvement in tensile strength was indicated by the woven fiber glass hybrid composites. In this hybrid composite laminates banana-glass-banana (BGB) and glass-banana-glass (GBG) exhibit higher mechanical properties due to chemical treatment to natural fibers. So, the hybrid composite material shows the highest mechanical properties. This High performance hybrid composite material has extensive engineering applications such as transport industry, aeronautics, naval, automotive industries.
IMPACT OF AL-COMPOSITES IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: A NECCESSITYIAEME Publication
In the engineering sector today, the need to substitute for orthodox materials like wood, aluminium, steel and concrete, has led to the invention of raw materials that meet specific needs like hardiness-to-mass ratio, i.e. increased strength and light weight, increased strength of impact, dimensional constancy and resistance to corrosion. These materials are called composites. In this paper, we have assessed several articles by a number of researchers on the impact of composites in the manufacturing industry, making aluminium composites our focus. This review studied the properties, behaviours, applications, advantages and setbacks, of aluminium composites. From this study, it was observed that the automotive industry makes the most use of aluminium composites, for the manufacture of parts like pistons and connecting rods. However, processing of Al-dependent MMC’s is costlier than other raw materials. And this is a major setback in the use of aluminium composites in the manufacturing industry.
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
This document summarizes research on the fabrication and characterization of bio-composite materials using sunnhemp fibre. The document discusses how sunnhemp fibre was used to reinforce an epoxy matrix through hand lay-up methods. Various mechanical properties of the bio-composites were tested, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The results of the mechanical tests on the bio-composite specimens are presented. Potential applications of the sunnhemp fibre bio-composites are also suggested, such as in fall ceilings, partitions, packaging, automotive interiors, and toys.
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- A Comparative Study of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polym...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the mechanical and physical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with bamboo and jute fibers. Researchers have found that both bamboo and jute fiber composites exhibit improved mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared to traditional synthetic fiber composites or unreinforced polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of these natural fiber composites depend on factors like fiber volume fraction, fiber length, fiber orientation within the matrix, and the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrix material. In general, composites with bamboo fiber reinforcement have shown higher strength and stiffness than similar composites with jute fiber reinforcement.
This document presents a study on the effect of thickness and fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural properties of a hybrid composite made from S-glass, carbon, and E-glass fibers. Specimens of different thicknesses (2mm and 3mm) and fiber orientations (30°, 45°, 60°) were prepared and tested according to ASTM standards. The test results showed that tensile strength was dependent on fiber orientation and thickness. Specifically, tensile strength increased with thickness and was highest at a 30° fiber orientation for both the 2mm and 3mm specimens.
IRJET- Investigating Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Convection Heat T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the fabrication and analysis of an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with iron oxide. Aluminum 7075 was used as the base metal matrix, and iron oxide (magnetite) was added as reinforcement in proportions of 2%, 6%, and 10% by weight. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy and stir casting. Tests were conducted to analyze the convection heat transfer properties of the composites using a pin-fin apparatus and compared to numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The composites have potential applications in aeronautics, automotive, and other industries due to their improved properties over the base aluminum alloy.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Fibre Reinforcement Concrete by using Ma...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on fiber reinforced concrete. Various percentages of polypropylene fiber (0%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%) were added to M30 and M40 concrete mixes to study their effects on compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Specimens were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that strength increased up to 1.75% fiber content. The fibers improved ductility and toughness in the post-crack region. A mix design was performed according to IS standards and concrete properties were tested through compression, splitting tensile, and flexural tests.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
This document provides information about various composite materials and their properties. It discusses:
1. Thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers, giving examples like acrylic, ABS, and nylon.
2. Metal matrix composites, which consist of fibers or particles in a metal matrix. Common matrix materials include aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. Reinforcements include silicon carbide, alumina, and graphite fibers or particles.
3. Applications of composites in aerospace, automotive, and other industries due to properties like high strength and temperature resistance. However, metal matrix composites have higher costs than organic composites.
This document provides information about a course on composite materials taught at SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. It includes the course synopsis, outcomes, objectives, syllabus, and references. The course introduces different types of composites, their properties, manufacturing methods, and applications. It covers polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and special composites such as carbon composites. The course aims to help students understand the fundamentals and need for composite materials as well as identify application fields.
IRJET- Design and Development of Natural Composite MaterialIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a natural composite material made from epoxy resin reinforced with sisal fibers. Composite plates were fabricated according to ASTM standards by varying the fiber percentage and orientation. The plates were then tested for tensile and flexural strength. The objectives were to explore the potential of sisal fiber composites and evaluate how fiber percentage affects mechanical properties. Test results for composites with different fiber percentages and alignments were compared.
Mechanical Characterization of Synthetic/Natural Fibre Polymer Matrix Composi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on evaluating the mechanical properties of composite materials made from epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibers and ramie fibers. Samples were produced using hand layup and compression molding. Tests on the samples found that the specimen with 50% glass fiber and 40% ramie fiber had the highest tensile strength. Equal amounts of glass and ramie fibers showed better flexural strength and hardness. Impact strength was highest with 50% ramie fiber. Grey relational analysis confirmed that the specimen with 50% glass fiber performed best overall based on its mechanical properties.
The document discusses composite materials, which are made from two or more constituent materials that retain their individual properties. Composites have several advantages over traditional materials, including high strength and stiffness combined with lightness. Their properties can be tailored to specific engineering needs. Composites are increasingly used in transportation applications like airplanes and cars due to their beneficial mechanical properties. They are also used in other industrial sectors such as construction and machinery. The document defines composites and outlines their various components, properties, types, and applications.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more inherently different materials that when combined produce properties exceeding the individual components. The matrix holds the reinforcement and transfers load, while the reinforcement provides properties like strength and stiffness. Common matrix materials include epoxies, metals, and ceramics. Fiber reinforcements include glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The document discusses different types of composites and their applications, advantages like high strength and design flexibility, and disadvantages like anisotropic properties and difficulties in inspection.
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that
gives better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In contrast to
metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and mechanical
properties. The two constituents are reinforcement and a matrix. The main advantages of
composite materials are their high strength and stiffness combined with low density when
compared to classical materials. Micromechanical approach is found to be more suitable for
the analysis of composite materials because it studies the volume proportions of the
constituents for the desired lamina stiffness and strength.
This document provides a historical overview and introduction to composite materials. It discusses the early uses of composites in ancient times and the modern revival starting in the mid-20th century. Composites are now widely used in applications like aerospace and transportation due to properties like strength and lightweight. The document classifies composites based on matrix material (polymer, metal, ceramic) and reinforcement form (fiber, laminate, particulate). It describes different types of polymer matrices like thermosets and thermoplastics and gives examples of fiber reinforcements.
This document provides a historical overview and introduction to composite materials. It discusses:
1) The early uses of natural fiber composites throughout history for applications like bows and buildings.
2) The modern revival and increasing use of composites in aircraft and spacecraft in the late 20th century to improve structural performance.
3) Future trends toward more integrated design processes, cost reduction, and use of natural fibers to make composites more environmentally friendly.
IRJET- Erosion Wear Characteristics of Polyester Composite Filled with Linz D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into improving the erosion wear and mechanical properties of polyester composites by adding Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag filler. Composites with 0-30% LD slag by weight were tested. Testing found that wear resistance and hardness increased significantly with higher slag content. Microhardness was up to 4 times higher for the 30% composite compared to neat polyester. Predictive models using artificial neural networks estimated erosion rates within 15% of experimental values. The research aims to utilize an industrial waste, LD slag, to develop wear-resistant polymer composites.
IRJET - Development and Mechanical Testing of Bagasse and Coconut Coir Hybrid...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the development and mechanical testing of a bagasse and coconut coir hybrid polymer composite. Key points:
- The composite was fabricated using a hand lay-up method with 45% bagasse fiber and 5% coconut coir fiber by volume in an epoxy resin matrix.
- The composite was tested for properties including tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, modulus, and percentage elongation.
- Bagasse is the fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed for juice extraction. It is a potential low-cost natural fiber for composites. Coconut coir is also a low-cost natural fiber obtained from coconut husks.
This document discusses a study on the effect of reinforcing high density polyethylene (HDPE) with keratin fibers from human hair. Short keratin fibers from human hair were used at 1% weight percentage to reinforce an HDPE matrix. The flexural strength and tensile strength of the keratin fiber composite were evaluated and compared to unreinforced HDPE. The goal of the study was to investigate the reinforcement effects of adding keratin fibers from human hair to an HDPE polymer matrix.
IRJET- Study of Mechanical Behaviour & Water-Absorption Characteristics of Si...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study of the mechanical properties and water absorption characteristics of sisal-bagasse fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites. Sisal and bagasse fibers were reinforced into epoxy resin in different ratios while keeping the fiber to resin ratio constant at 60:40. Five composite samples with varying fiber compositions were tested for tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, flexural strength, and water absorption capacity. The study found that increasing the amount of sisal fiber increased tensile strength, modulus, and hardness, while introducing bagasse fiber increased flexural strength, modulus, and water absorption capacity. Impact strength was highest for an alkali-treated composite with a 60:20:20 fiber ratio, showing
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTRIZATION OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR TENSION, FLEXU...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that characterized the mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials made of jute cloth, E-glass fibers, and polyester resin. Specimens were fabricated using hand layup and tested in tension, flexure, and impact. Tensile testing measured Young's modulus, flexural testing measured flexural strength, and Charpy testing measured impact strength. The study found that hybrid composites, which combine natural and synthetic fibers, perform better than composites with a single fiber type due to benefits from both fibers. Characterizing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is important as their use increases in industries like aerospace, military, and automotive.
A Survey on Mechanical Activities on Coir Fiber Resistant Polymer Matrix Comp...IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document summarizes research on coconut fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. It discusses how natural fibers like coconut fibers can be used to reinforce composites and improve their mechanical properties. The document outlines different types of composites based on the matrix material (metal, ceramic, polymer). It then focuses on research done using coconut fibers to reinforce polymer matrices like polyester and epoxy. The objectives of the research discussed are to develop new natural fiber reinforced polymer composites and to study the effect of fiber content, fiber treatment, and loading on the mechanical properties of coconut fiber composites.
The document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on composite materials. It defines composite materials as a combination of two or more materials that results in improved properties over the individual components. It then classifies composites, discusses factors affecting their properties, advantages and limitations. It distinguishes between smart and composite materials and provides examples of civil engineering applications of composites such as smart concrete and rehabilitation/retrofitting of structures.
The document summarizes research on the design and fabrication of hybrid composite springs. Five different types of springs were created using epoxy, glass fiber, and silk at varying volume fractions. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the springs' performance. Literature on composite leaf springs, natural fiber composites, and fatigue testing of helical springs is also reviewed. The research aims to reduce vehicle weight through replacing traditional steel springs with lighter composite alternatives.
Effects of Fiber Length and Loading on the Qualities of Fiber Reinforced Epox...AI Publications
Composite isn't a new word, it's a long time around. Due to its usage in several applications, it has risen in prominence over the last four to five decades. The main aim of the study is Effects of Fiber Length and Loading on the Qualities of Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites from Schumannianthus Dichotomus (Murta). The polymer matrix is made of Araldite AW106 epoxy resin and HV953U hardener. Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether with the same epoxy weight as 214 – 221 g eq-1 is included in Araldite AW106. The HV953U hardener includes 1,3-propylenediamine N-(3-dimethaminopropyl)-. Composite materials have a very adaptable component lay out above normal materials due to their clear strength, strength, and exhaustive characteristics.
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials that form a single component. The matrix material holds the reinforcement materials together and allows load transfer between them. Common composite materials include fiber-reinforced plastics with polymer matrices and fibers such as carbon, glass or Kevlar. Composites provide advantages like high strength and stiffness to weight ratios, as well as design flexibility. They also have drawbacks like higher costs and difficulty in recycling. Composites are widely used in applications that require lightweight and high strength, such as aircrafts, ships, sports equipment and buildings.
This document evaluates the mechanical properties of aluminum 2024-based hybrid metal composites. It discusses how aluminum 2024 alloy is commonly used in aircraft structures due to its high strength and fatigue resistance. The document then describes creating aluminum 2024-based composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and fly ash using stir casting. Tensile and compression tests were performed on the composite materials and aluminum 2024 alloy to compare their mechanical properties. The results showed that the composite materials achieved better tensile and compression strength compared to aluminum 2024 alloy alone.
Composites, green chemistry, biodiesel, carbon neutralityVishnu Thumma
This document provides information about a chemistry course taught at Matrusri Engineering College. The course objectives include correlating material properties with structure, applying electrochemistry principles, gaining knowledge about corrosion prevention and water treatment, and learning about green chemistry and biodiesel. The course outcomes are that students will be able to analyze battery cell potentials, identify water hardness and alkalinity, discuss polymers for various uses, identify fuel types, and outline green chemistry principles for sustainable environments and biodiesel production. One course module focuses on composites, green chemistry, and biodiesel.
The documents discuss composite materials, which are combinations of two or more materials that have improved properties over the individual components. Composite materials consist of a reinforcement and a matrix. Reinforcements provide strength and stiffness, while the matrix binds the reinforcements together and protects them. Common reinforcement materials include fibers of glass, carbon, and aramid. Matrix materials include polymers, metals, and ceramics. The documents describe different types of composites based on the matrix, such as polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites. Manufacturing methods for polymer matrix composites like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion are also summarized.
Similar to IRJET- Study the Mechanical Properties of Jute and Sisal Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite Materials (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.