This document summarizes an experimental study on removing fluoride from drinking water using a solar still with sand as an adsorbent. The study found that the solar still effectively removes over 90% of fluoride from water. For water with initial fluoride concentrations up to 5 mg/L, the still removed all fluoride, producing distilled water below detection limits. For higher initial concentrations from 10-15 mg/L, most fluoride was removed, though some distilled water samples exceeded the 1 mg/L limit. The volume of distilled water did not depend on initial fluoride levels and distilled water quality was independent of feed water pH and temperature variations tested. Therefore, the study shows that a simple solar still design using sand can help provide
While trace amounts of fluorine are essential for life, its excessive intake
leads to a disease known as fluorosis. It is a predominant ailment in majority of the
countries inclusive of India. It is caused also by drinking fluoride containing water.
Retention of fluorine in bones and teeth occurs through F−–(OH−) exchange on their
inorganic component known as hydroxylapatite. Endeavour of the present study is to
design a column using activated alumina as an adsorbent for continuous defluoridation
ofwater for domestic purpose. As a part of it, operational defluoridation capacity
of aluminawas determined by variation of different factors (amount of alumina, time,
temperature, added salts). A family of four members was taken as a model. The initial
and final fluoride concentrations were taken as 2.0 and 0.7 ppm, respectively.
Dimension of the unit (adsorbent bed diameter and height) was determined.
While trace amounts of fluorine are essential for life, its excessive intake
leads to a disease known as fluorosis. It is a predominant ailment in majority of the
countries inclusive of India. It is caused also by drinking fluoride containing water.
Retention of fluorine in bones and teeth occurs through F−–(OH−) exchange on their
inorganic component known as hydroxylapatite. Endeavour of the present study is to
design a column using activated alumina as an adsorbent for continuous defluoridation
ofwater for domestic purpose. As a part of it, operational defluoridation capacity
of aluminawas determined by variation of different factors (amount of alumina, time,
temperature, added salts). A family of four members was taken as a model. The initial
and final fluoride concentrations were taken as 2.0 and 0.7 ppm, respectively.
Dimension of the unit (adsorbent bed diameter and height) was determined.
Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plantijtsrd
Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Aquatic bodies are the traditional recipients of sewage containing heavy contaminants, which are released in higher concentrations and cause deleterious effects on organisms. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. Phytoremediation technology is a cost effective one as it utilizes plants natural ability to suck the pollutant present in the water. There are many plants having this natural ability to up take the heavy metals and organic pollutants from air, soil and water. In this project we have treated the sewage coming out after primary treatment using phytoremediation techniques. In this project, the sewage which is taken from the primary treatment unit is further treated using phytoremediation technique that is the mustard plant is used for treating the sewage and thereby reducing the contaminants in wastewater to meet the wastewater disposal standards. Among various phytoremediation techniques phytovolatilization found to be effective in removing the pollutant as BOD, COD, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen. The phytovolatilization showed the best removal of BOD up to 59.44 , COD up to 60.02 , Turbidity up to 97.83 , Total dissolved solids up to 31.35 , Kjeldahl nitrogen 97.46 . Karthika. V "Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31644.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/31644/treatment-of-sewage-by-phytoremediation-method-using-izndian-mustard-plant/karthika-v
Phycoremediation of malachite green and reduction of physico chemical paramet...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Water is the elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to all the living species on earth. It is rapidly becoming a scare commodity in most parts of the world. Only 0.35% of the total availability of water found in lakes and wetlands and 0.01% in rivers and streams which are likely getting depleted due to the discharge of the effluents such as dyes simultaneously increases the water quality parameters. Malachite green is a common textile dye being discharged in lake water situated near textile industries. The phycoremediation method employs the use of algae, say, Chlorella pyrenoidosa which helps in decolorizing the water and due to its growth in the lake water, the physico-chemical parameters higher in the polluted water found to be reduced and water can be used for various purposes. The trails were made using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Malachite green at different concentrations. The optimum concentration for the degradation of dye was completely done at the concentration 15 mg confirming the decolorization capacity by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The same experiment was performed with adjusting the pH at 6, 7 and 8. Optimum pH for the dye degradation was found as pH 7 at which all the concentrations Chlorella pyrenoidosa was able to degrade the dye with the decolourization capacity of above 95%. The phyico-chemical parameters checked after the decolorization by Chlorella were found to be within the limits and thus Chlorella which is available in nature can be used in the decolorization of effluent water by eco-friendly method.
Keywords: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Malachite Green, Phycoremediation, Physico-chemical parameters
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Defluoridation of Ground Water Using Corn Cobs Powdertheijes
Most of the adsorbent used for removal of fluoride from drinking water is activated carbons. It is an expensive material, and so the use of alternative, which is a cheaper adsorbent, is required. Hence in the present work, an attempt has been made to remove the fluoride in drinking water using corn cobs powder as a natural adsorbent using a fabricated filter. The Bureau of Indian Standard has recommended the limit of fluoride content of 1mg/l (BIS: 10500-2012). The water samples were collected in different places namely Uppinahally, Doddagatta and Yadapura in Arsikere taluk of Hassan district. The defluoridation is done with corn cobs powder and then the results were compared. Filtration with corn cobs powder reduces the fluoride content for the samples from Uppinahally, Doddagatta and Yadapura with initial fluoride content 2.5mg/l, 1.2mg/l, and 1.4mg/l respectively to 1.01mg/l, 0.9mg/l and 0.8mg/l respectively
Removal of fluoride from synthetic waste water by using “bio adsorbents”eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plantijtsrd
Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Aquatic bodies are the traditional recipients of sewage containing heavy contaminants, which are released in higher concentrations and cause deleterious effects on organisms. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. Phytoremediation technology is a cost effective one as it utilizes plants natural ability to suck the pollutant present in the water. There are many plants having this natural ability to up take the heavy metals and organic pollutants from air, soil and water. In this project we have treated the sewage coming out after primary treatment using phytoremediation techniques. In this project, the sewage which is taken from the primary treatment unit is further treated using phytoremediation technique that is the mustard plant is used for treating the sewage and thereby reducing the contaminants in wastewater to meet the wastewater disposal standards. Among various phytoremediation techniques phytovolatilization found to be effective in removing the pollutant as BOD, COD, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen. The phytovolatilization showed the best removal of BOD up to 59.44 , COD up to 60.02 , Turbidity up to 97.83 , Total dissolved solids up to 31.35 , Kjeldahl nitrogen 97.46 . Karthika. V "Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31644.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/31644/treatment-of-sewage-by-phytoremediation-method-using-izndian-mustard-plant/karthika-v
Phycoremediation of malachite green and reduction of physico chemical paramet...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Water is the elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to all the living species on earth. It is rapidly becoming a scare commodity in most parts of the world. Only 0.35% of the total availability of water found in lakes and wetlands and 0.01% in rivers and streams which are likely getting depleted due to the discharge of the effluents such as dyes simultaneously increases the water quality parameters. Malachite green is a common textile dye being discharged in lake water situated near textile industries. The phycoremediation method employs the use of algae, say, Chlorella pyrenoidosa which helps in decolorizing the water and due to its growth in the lake water, the physico-chemical parameters higher in the polluted water found to be reduced and water can be used for various purposes. The trails were made using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Malachite green at different concentrations. The optimum concentration for the degradation of dye was completely done at the concentration 15 mg confirming the decolorization capacity by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The same experiment was performed with adjusting the pH at 6, 7 and 8. Optimum pH for the dye degradation was found as pH 7 at which all the concentrations Chlorella pyrenoidosa was able to degrade the dye with the decolourization capacity of above 95%. The phyico-chemical parameters checked after the decolorization by Chlorella were found to be within the limits and thus Chlorella which is available in nature can be used in the decolorization of effluent water by eco-friendly method.
Keywords: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Malachite Green, Phycoremediation, Physico-chemical parameters
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Defluoridation of Ground Water Using Corn Cobs Powdertheijes
Most of the adsorbent used for removal of fluoride from drinking water is activated carbons. It is an expensive material, and so the use of alternative, which is a cheaper adsorbent, is required. Hence in the present work, an attempt has been made to remove the fluoride in drinking water using corn cobs powder as a natural adsorbent using a fabricated filter. The Bureau of Indian Standard has recommended the limit of fluoride content of 1mg/l (BIS: 10500-2012). The water samples were collected in different places namely Uppinahally, Doddagatta and Yadapura in Arsikere taluk of Hassan district. The defluoridation is done with corn cobs powder and then the results were compared. Filtration with corn cobs powder reduces the fluoride content for the samples from Uppinahally, Doddagatta and Yadapura with initial fluoride content 2.5mg/l, 1.2mg/l, and 1.4mg/l respectively to 1.01mg/l, 0.9mg/l and 0.8mg/l respectively
Removal of fluoride from synthetic waste water by using “bio adsorbents”eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Adsorption studies of fluoride on activated carbon derived from phoenix dacty...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Fluoride from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon (CaCl2) prepared from Phoenix
Dactylifera (Date Plam) seeds have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of
Fluoride on chemically activated carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum dosage and
optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and
pH for carbon with I.R-0.75 was 40min, 140mg and 7.00 respectively, with fluoride removal efficiency of 93%, 93.5% and 94.5%
respectively has been observed.
Keywords: Fluoride, Activated carbon, Contact time, Dosage, pH, Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Plam) seeds.
Fluoride is a typical component of natural waters and its concentration varies depending on the water resource. Water may be contaminated by natural sources like more alkaline ions (CO32-+HCO3->10.4 meq/l water) reacts with halite which comes from industrial effluents. This is ensuing in fluoride concentrations up to 12.7 mg F–/l where ground level of water is low. WHO standards and BIS: 105000, 1991 permit only 0.5-1.5 mg/dl as the upper permissible limit for fluoride in drinking water for the Indian context. Fluoride in excess of the permissible limits in drinking water causes a number of endemic conditions referred to collectively as “fluorosis”. This paper explores the sorptive answer of a recently developed adsorbent, Activated alumina finely grinded with coconut shell powder. The efficiency of the sorption of fluoride ion is affected by pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, type and size of adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium is well correlated by Freundlich and Langmuir models
Fluoride has been an long going issue and there are still researches undergone for its mitigation.Some of the useful technologies that can be applied which are both cost and time effective.These are been carried out for reduction in the fluoride content in ground water and also to provide an better drinking water quality.
Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto Activated Alumina ...IJERA Editor
The ability of activated alumina and activated carbon to remove Fluoride from aqueous solution has been investigated. The studies were carried out as functions of contact time, concentration and pH. The data indicate that activated alumina surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site binding model. The optimum pH for complete removal of Fluoride from aqueous solution were described. The rate of fluoride removal was rapid during several time intervals of time, and equilibrium was attained were described in detailed.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.