The document discusses chemical fertilizers and the Integrated Plant Nutrition Management System (IPNMS) for enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. It differentiates between natural and chemical fertilizers, highlighting their advantages and the necessity of balanced nutrient application for sustainable agriculture. The document emphasizes the importance of integrating organic and inorganic resources to avoid environmental contamination while maintaining soil health and crop yield.

1. Chemical fertilizers and integrated plant
nutrition management system
Submitted by:
Shahr Bano
15-arid-5192
Submitted to:
Dr. Arshad Nawaz
Course code:
SS-712

2. Contents
What are fertilizers?
Fertilizer needs
Integrated plant nutrition system
Determinants of IPNMS
Advantages of IPNMS
Chemical fertilizers and IPNMS

3. What are fertilizers?
Substances which are added to the soil to increase its fertility are called
fertilizers.
◦ Natural fertilizers
◦ Chemical/artificial fertilizers
Natural fertilizers: natural substances i.e. leaves, cow dung,
compost etc. are the natural fertilizers and used to make up the
deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soils.
◦ They are bulky and difficult to handle
◦ They have a high water content and low nutrient content
◦ They are slow-release fertilizers and contain micro-nutrients

4. Chemical fertilizers
Artificial substance containing the chemical elements that improve
growth and productiveness of plants.
◦ Highly concentrated and easy to handle
◦ They do not usually provide organic matter
◦ Nutrients are usually released quickly
Classification on the bases of chemical forms:
◦ Straight fertilizers: supply only one primary nutrient e.g. Urea.
◦ Complex fertilizers: supply two or three primary nutrients e.g.
Diammonium phosphate.
◦ Mixed fertilizers: physical mixture of straight fertilizers.

5. Fertilizer needs
 Majority of the agricultural soils deficient in macro-nutrients which
require supplementary nutrients.
 After repeated cultivations, the soils become less productive and need the
nutrient supply.
 In order to overcome this loss, certain elements in the form of their
compounds (fertilizers) have to be added to the soil to make it reproductive.
 Fertilizers supply additional tonic to soils, so that they may produce a
better yield
 While, fertilizer misuse can contribute to environmental contamination.
(cont...)

6.  A part of applied fertilizer can not be obtained by the crop, as it may
temporally remain in the soil or may be lost through volatilization or
leaching to ground water.
 But, if for any reason fertilizer use discontinued today, world food
output would drop by 40% (an estimate).
 The application of chemical fertilizers does not mean that an increase
must be induced.
 The soil fertility enhancement with higher crop production without
having any undesirable impacts on the environment should be the main
focus.
Fertilizer needs

7.  Unless all the soil nutrients removed with the harvested crops are
replaced in proper amounts from both organic and sustained; soil fertility
will decline.
 The current approach should aim on judicious and integrated
management of all sources of nutrients for sustainable agriculture.
 So, agricultural specialists introduced a system of combined
application of organic and inorganic resources to enhance the soil
fertility and bring higher crop production under a sustainable agriculture
system.
Fertilizer needs

8. Integrated plant nutrition
system
 An approach to enhance crop and
soil productivity through a balanced
use of mineral fertilizers in
combination with organic and
biological sources of plant nutrients in
different crops and cropping systems.
 IPNMS is the maintenance of soil
fertility and plant nutrient supply at an
optimum level to sustain the desired
crop productivity.
Components
of IPNMS
Organic
manures
Chemical
fertilizers
Green
manures
Crop
residues
and organic
wastes
Bio-
fertilizers
Crop
rotation/interc
ropping

9. Determinants of IPNMS
Nutrient requirement of cropping system as a whole.
Soil fertility status and special management needs to overcome soil
problems, if any
Local availability of nutrients resources (organic, inorganic and
biological sources)
Economic conditions of farmers and profitability of proposed INM
option.
Social acceptability.
Ecological considerations.
Impact on the environment

10. Advantages of IPNMS
Enhances the availability of applied as well as native soil nutrients
Synchronizes the nutrient demand of the crop with nutrient supply
from native and applied sources.
Provides balanced nutrition to crops and minimizes the antagonistic
effects resulting from hidden deficiencies and nutrient imbalance.
Improves and sustains the physical, chemical and biological
functioning of soil.
Minimizes the deterioration of soil, water and ecosystem by
promoting carbon sequestration, reducing nutrient losses to ground
and surface water bodies and to atmosphere

11. Chemical fertilizers and IPNMS
Combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures
(IPNMS) provides ideal environmental conditions for the crop, as
organic manures improve soil properties and mineral fertilizers supply
the plant nutrients.
However, organic manure alone is not sufficient for the level of crop
production the farmer is aiming at. So, the mineral fertilizers have to
be applied in addition.
The correct kind, time and mode of method of fertilizer application
is very important in realizing maximum benefit from the fertilizer use.

12. Chemical
fertilizer
Feeding the soil Feeding the plant
Organic fertilizer
Organic matter Plant nutrients
Soil nutrients Microorganisms
Plant nutrients