integrated nutrient management

1. Integrated Nutrient
Management (INM)

2. Introduction
The agriculture era has been changed from resources
degrading to resource conserving technologies and practices which
will helpful for increasing crop productivity besides maintains soil
health for future generations. INM system in India is not new and is
being practiced from thousands years ago. INM provides a good
opportunity not only for sustainability of the soil but also enhance soil
productivity by balanced use of minerals & fertilizers.
Integrated Nutrient Management is ecologically,
socially and economically viable and environment friendly which can
be practiced by the farmers. Integrated Nutrient Management
encourages the use of on-farm, organics; thus it saves on the cost of
fertilizers for crop production.

3. What is Integrated Nutrient
Management(INM)?
“Integrated Nutrient Management refers to
maintenance of soil fertility and plant nutrients supply to an
optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through
optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of plant
nutrients in an integrated manner.”
OR
“Integrated Nutrient Management system is the
management and conservation of natural resources based and the
orientation of technological and institutional agencies in such a
manner as to ensure the attainment and continuous satisfaction of
human needs for the present and future generations.”

4. Main Concept of INM
The integrated plant nutrition management is known as
integrated nutrient management thus firstly operates at plot level,
optimizing the utilization of plant nutrients from diverse sources
which are locally available, in order to improve the agronomic
efficiency of such nutrient and at the same time reducing the losses
of nutrients. Organic recycling is especially promoted through INM
for facilitating nutrient recycling to improve soil fertility and
productivity as low cost.

5. Why there is need of INM?/ Importance of INM
Nutrient management is important for the following facts:-
 Nutrient management helps to reduce contamination to
waterways by plant nutrients.
 Improve soil fertility.
 Enhance crop productivity.
 Reducing the cost of nutrient application.
 Providing balanced nutrition to crops.
 Promotes carbon sequestration and prevents the
deterioration of soil, water ecology and also leaching of
nutrients from the soil.

6. Main objectives of IPNMS or INM
 To reduce To maintain productivity on sustainable basis without
affecting soil health.
 To reduce the gap between nutrients used & nutrients harvested
by the crop.
 To conserve locally available resources & utilize them effectively.
 To improve physical, chemical & biological properties of soil.
 To make soil healthy by providing balanced nutrients by different
nutrient sources.
 To reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers and harmful
effects of continuous use of inorganic chemical fertilizer only.
 To increase economical status of farmers and fertilizer use
efficiency(FUE).
Source:- ecourcesonline.iasri.res.in

7. Components of INM
manures,
Fertilizers, organic
residues and
legumes,
bio-fertilizers are the
crop
main
components of INM:-
1. Organic Manures:- Organic Manures like
urban compost, FYM, crop residues, human
excreta, sewage and sludge and other agro-
industrial wastes have large nutrient potential.
Organic manures are bulky nature and with low
nutrient supply. Organic manures not only
supply macro and micronutrients , but also help
improving the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the soil
Source:- biotecharticles.com

8. 2. Fertilizers:-
Fertilizers continued
most important ingredient
to be the
of INM. The
dependence on fertilizers has been increasing
constantly because of the need to supply
large amounts of nutrients in intensive
cropping for high productivity. The substantial
amount of applied nutrients is lost through
various methods. Enhancing nutrient use
efficiency should, therefore be a prioritized
area of research for restoration and
improvement of soil health and minimising the
cost of production.

9. 3. Legumes:-
Legumes have a long-standing
history of being soil fertility restorers due
to their ability to obtain and fixing N from
the atmosphere in symbiosis with Rhizobia.
Legumes grown as green manure, forage
of pulses crops with improving the
productivity of rice wheat cropping system
and rejuvenated soil fertility(Yadav et al.
2000).

10. 4. Crop Residues:-
Crop Residues have many
uses and available as an ingredient of INM, in
North-West India where mechanical harvesting
is practised, residues are left in the field, which
can be a part of nutrient supply. The are large
amount of residues like potato, sugarcane,
which are practically waste in most case while
residues of cereals are valuable for cattle feed
and could be used as organic manuring after
decomposing. Recycling of these residues in
fields helps to build stable organic matter in
the soil, as also to sustain the crop yields.

11. 5. Bio-fertilizers:- Bio-fertilizers are the materials containing living
agriculturally beneficial micro-organisms that play an important role in
improving soil fertility and crop productivity due to their capability to
fix atmospheric N, solubilize/mobilize P and decompose farm wastes
resulting the release of plant nutrients. Bacterial cultures like–
Rhizobium, Azospirillium (15-20kg N/ha), Blue Green Algae (20-30kg
N/ha) and Azotobactor (20-25kg N/ha) have the ability to fix
atmospheric N which turn available to crops. The Rhizobium-legume
association can fix up to in a crop season. Similarly, fungi like Vasicular
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) increase nutrient uptake particularly
that of P due to increased contact of roots with larger soil volume.
VAM with low grade rock phosphate might add about 30-35 kg P/ha in
soil.

12. Blue Green Algae
Legumes VAM
Azospirillum
Azotobactor

13. Advantages of Integrated Nutrient Management

14. Contraints/Difficulties in Adoption of INM
of the
There are some constraints facing the progress
Integrated nutrient Management:-
 Difficulties occurs in obtaining FYM and bio-fertilizers, some poor
farmers have some trouble obtaining organic manures as well as lack
of knowledge and skills of recycling organic wastes to produce high
quality compost.
 Biotic and abiotic stresses are ranked to second reason.
 Third reason will be the poor tillage.
 Lack of equipment was ranked fourth reason.
 Absence of the role of extension services and NGO’s to support
farmers to adopt INM.
Finally all of these reason could hardly be detected and might be
solved. Source:- hindawi.com

15. Effects/Results of INM
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2009-10 for
two years with rice as the test crop at Regional Agricultural Research
Station, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam(AP). Micro nutrient status in
submerged rice soil at harvest irrespective of the treatments, the available
micronutrient status (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) observed under integrated
nutrient treatments were higher over chemical fertilizers alone.
The results indicated that the available Mg status varied from
7.4-15.2 during2009 and 7.0-16.5 mg kg-1 during 2010 respectively. More
other micronutrient build up was observed during second year over first
year in all the integrated nutrient management. The results are well
supported by the findings of Ramesh et al. (2006) and Banik and Sharma
(2008). Significantly higher grain yields were recorded when 25% N was
applicated through INM method or components.
Source:- Research Paper of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle

16. Status of INM in India
The Government of India is promoting soil test-based
balanced and judicious use of chemical fertilizers, bio-fertilizers and
locally available organic manures like FYM, Compost, Vermi-compost
and green manure to maintain soil health and its productivity. A
centrally sponsored scheme “National Project on management of Soil
health and fertility” (NPMSF) has been approved during 2008-09.
During 2008-09 an amount 16.63crore had been released
under NPMSF for 42 new Static Soil Testing Laboratories(STLs), 44
Mobile Soil Testing Laboratories(MSTLs), 2 new Fertilizer Quality
Control Laboratories and Strengthening of 19 Existing Fertilizers
Quality Control Laboratories (FQCLs) in 16 states.
Source:- archive.india.gov.in

17. Conclusion
From This brief Presentation, it may be concluded that the
wide spread nutrient deficiencies or toxicities are deteriorating the soil
health day by day. Due to this there will be low productivity &
profitability in cereals crops, majorly by the low nutrient use efficiency.
A judicious use of chemical fertilizers in combination with naturally
available organic sources gives a breakthrough effect in maintaining
the soil health and sustaining the environment. Thus, the adoption of
INM practices involving organic manures, bio-fertilizers and
amendments in cropping system enriches the soil fertility status;
ultimately improves growth and yield of crop and the quality of food as
well.
References:- Some topics are prepared after studying government and educational online websites, articles
and research papers.
Mistakes may be found in my presentation, so your kindly suggestions are invited.